keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38336908/assessment-of-toxicity-and-antimicrobial-performance-of-polymeric-inorganic-coagulant-and-evaluation-for-eutrophication-reduction
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marwa Youssef, Sara S El-Tanany, Yassmin Moatasim, Shimaa M Abdel Moniem, Bahaa A Hemdan, Nabila S Ammar, Gamila E El-Taweel, Azza M Ashmawy, Mohamed I Badawy, Mohamed R Lasheen, Hanan S Ibrahim, Mohamed Eid M Ali
In this study, the efficacy of the promising iron-based polymeric inorganic coagulant (POFC) was assessed for the reduction of eutrophication effect (freshwater toxicity) and the microbial loads from wastewater. Toxicity assessment for POFC was conducted on mice and skin cell lines. The results confirm the lower toxicity level of POFC. The POFC showed excellent antibacterial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, it demonstrated a remarkable effectiveness against black fungus such as Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae...
February 9, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38296298/descriptive-analysis-to-assess-seasonal-patterns-of-covid-19-and-influenza-in-low-income-and-middle-income-countries-in-asia-the-middle-east-and-latin-america
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Moe H Kyaw, Julia Regazzini Spinardi, Oladayo Jagun, Conrado Franco Villalobos, Venediktos Kapetanakis, Ruth Sharf-Williams, Benjamin Yarnoff
OBJECTIVES: Understanding disease seasonality can help predict the occurrence of outbreaks and inform public health planning. Respiratory diseases typically follow seasonal patterns; however, knowledge regarding the seasonality of COVID-19 and its impact on the seasonality of influenza remains limited. The objective of this study was to provide more evidence to understand the circulation of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, in an endemic scenario to guide potential preventive strategies...
January 31, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38290012/the-role-of-human-rhinovirus-in-copd-exacerbations-in-abu-dhabi-molecular-epidemiology-and-clinical-significance
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ahmad R Alsayed, Anas Abed, Heba A Khader, Luai Hasoun, Mohammed Al Maqbali, Mahmoud J Al Shawabkeh
This study aimed to describe the molecular epidemiology and seasonality of human rhinovirus (HRV) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its association with COPD exacerbations in Abu Dhabi, the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Sputum specimens were collected for analysis from all COPD patients who visited a medical center from November 2021 to October 2022. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test was used to detect HRV. Of the 78 COPD patients included in the study, 58 (74%) patients presented with one or more exacerbation episodes...
December 31, 2024: Libyan Journal of Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38287509/ai-driven-covalent-drug-design-strategies-targeting-main-protease-m-pro-against-sars-cov-2-structural-insights-and-molecular-mechanisms
#24
REVIEW
Mohammad Hossein Haghir Ebrahim Abadi, Abdulrahman Ghasemlou, Fatemeh Bayani, Yahya Sefidbakht, Massoud Vosough, Sina Mozaffari-Jovin, Vladimir N Uversky
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns about the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines. To address this challenge, small-molecule antivirals have been proposed as a crucial therapeutic option. Among potential targets for anti-COVID-19 therapy, the main protease (Mpro ) of SARS-CoV-2 is important due to its essential role in the virus's life cycle and high conservation. The substrate-binding region of the core proteases of various coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), could be used for the generation of new protease inhibitors...
January 29, 2024: Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38272241/molecular-insights-on-the-coronavirus-mers-cov-interaction-with-the-cd26-receptor
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hila Failayev, Assaf Ganoth, Yossi Tsfadia
The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a severe respiratory disease with high fatality rates, caused by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The virus initiates infection by binding to the CD26 receptor (also known as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 or DPP4) via its spike protein. Although the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein and the complex between RBD and the extracellular domain of CD26 have been studied using X-ray crystallography, conflicting studies exist regarding the importance of certain amino acids outside the resolved RBD-CD26 complex interaction interface...
January 23, 2024: Virus Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38265375/disease-x-beyond-fear-toward-preparedness
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rajendra Awasthi
In recent years, there has been a growing concern regarding the increasing incidence of infectious diseases with potential global transmission [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) coined the phrase "Disease X" to denote a theoretical infectious disease that has not yet been detected but has the capacity to cause a global pandemic. Disease X denotes an unidentified pathogenic agent with the potential to instigate a forthcoming global outbreak [2]. Commencing with a convened gathering on the 18th of November 2022, the WHO has initiated a comprehensive assembly of more than 300 esteemed experts...
January 23, 2024: Infectious Disorders Drug Targets
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38260573/mutation-of-highly-conserved-residues-in-loop-2-of-the-coronavirus-macrodomain-demonstrates-that-enhanced-adp-ribose-binding-is-detrimental-to-infection
#27
Catherine M Kerr, Jessica J Pfannenstiel, Yousef M Alhammad, Anuradha Roy, Joseph J O'Connor, Roshan Ghimire, Reem Khattabi, Rakshya Shrestha, Peter R McDonald, Philip Gao, David K Johnson, Sunil More, Rudragouda Channappanavar, Anthony R Fehr
All coronaviruses (CoVs) encode for a conserved macrodomain (Mac1) located in nonstructural protein 3 (nsp3). Mac1 is an ADP-ribosylhydrolase that binds and hydrolyzes mono-ADP-ribose from target proteins. Previous work has shown that Mac1 is important for virus replication and pathogenesis. Within Mac1, there are several regions that are highly conserved across CoVs, including the GIF (glycine-isoleucine-phenylalanine) motif. To determine how the biochemical activities of these residues impact CoV replication, the isoleucine and the phenylalanine residues were mutated to alanine (I-A/F-A) in both recombinant Mac1 proteins and recombinant CoVs, including murine hepatitis virus (MHV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)...
January 4, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38247817/coronavirus-m-protein-trafficking-in-epithelial-cells-utilizes-a-myosin-vb-splice-variant-and-rab10
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lynne A Lapierre, Joseph T Roland, Elizabeth H Manning, Catherine Caldwell, Honor L Glenn, Pierre-Olivier Vidalain, Frederic Tangy, Brenda G Hogue, C A M de Haan, James R Goldenring
The membrane (M) glycoprotein of coronaviruses (CoVs) serves as the nidus for virion assembly. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the interaction of the cytosolic tail of Murine Hepatitis Virus (MHV-CoV) M protein with Myosin Vb (MYO5B), specifically with the alternative splice variant of cellular MYO5B including exon D (MYO5B+D), which mediates interaction with Rab10. When co-expressed in human lung epithelial A549 and canine kidney epithelial MDCK cells, MYO5B+D co-localized with the MHV-CoV M protein, as well as with the M proteins from Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2)...
January 10, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38235848/sars-cov-2-nsp12-utilizes-various-host-splicing-factors-for-replication-and-splicing-regulation
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Li Yang, Xiao-Tao Zeng, Rong-Hua Luo, Si-Xue Ren, Lin-Lin Liang, Qiu-Xia Huang, Ying Tang, Hong Fan, Hai-Yan Ren, Wan-Jiang Zhang, Yong-Tang Zheng, Wei Cheng
The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is a crucial element in the replication and transcription of RNA viruses. Although the RdRps of lethal human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been extensively studied, the molecular mechanism of the catalytic subunit NSP12, which is involved in pathogenesis, remains unclear. In this study, the biochemical and cell biological results demonstrate the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 NSP12 and seven host proteins, including three splicing factors (SLU7, PPIL3, and AKAP8)...
January 2024: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38195212/identification-of-a-spike-specific-cd8-t-cell-epitope-following-vaccination-against-the-middle-east-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-in-humans
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Caroline E Harrer, Leonie Mayer, Anahita Fathi, Susan Lassen, My L Ly, Madeleine E Zinser, Timo Wolf, Stephan Becker, Gerd Sutter, Christine Dahlke, Marylyn M Addo
Licensed vaccines against the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), an emerging pathogen of concern, are lacking. The Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara vector-based vaccine MVA-MERS-S, expressing the MERS-CoV-spike glycoprotein (MERS-S), is one of three candidate vaccines in clinical development and elicits robust humoral and cellular immunity. Here, we identified for the first time a MERS-S-specific CD8+ T-cell epitope in an HLA-A*03:01/HLA-B*35:01-positive vaccinee using a screening assay, intracellular cytokine staining, and in silico epitope prediction...
January 9, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38192092/impact-of-respiratory-viruses-and-sars-cov-2-on-febrile-seizures-in-saudi-children-insights-into-etiologies-gender-and-familial-associations
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saleh Fahad AlFulayyih, Sarah Saleh Al Baridi, Sara Amer Alomar, Ahmed Nawfal Alshammari, Mohammed Shahab Uddin
BACKGROUND Childhood febrile seizures occur between 5 months and 6 years of age in children without a previous history of seizure and are associated with high temperature in the absence of intracranial infection. This retrospective study identified 71 children aged 6 months to 5 years with febrile seizures between 2017 and 2021 at a single center in Saudi Arabia and aimed to identify an association between common respiratory virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pediatric nasopharyngeal specimens were tested using a multiplex PCR respiratory panel detecting human coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, OC43, HKU1), influenza A/B, human adenovirus, parainfluenza viruses 1-4, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus/enterovirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and, as of September 2021, SARS-CoV-2, confirmed using the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV2 RT-PCR kit...
January 9, 2024: Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38190651/two-receptor-binding-strategy-of-sars-cov-2-is-mediated-by-both-the-n-terminal-and-receptor-binding-spike-domain
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michele Monti, Edoardo Milanetti, Myrthe T Frans, Mattia Miotto, Lorenzo Di Rienzo, Maksim V Baranov, Giorgio Gosti, Arun Kumar Somavarapu, Madhu Nagaraj, Thaddeus W Golbek, Emiel Rossing, Sam J Moons, Thomas J Boltje, Geert van den Bogaart, Tobias Weidner, Daniel E Otzen, Gian Gaetano Tartaglia, Giancarlo Ruocco, Steven J Roeters
It is not well understood why severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 spreads much faster than other β-coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. In a previous publication, we predicted the binding of the N-terminal domain (NTD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike to sialic acids (SAs). Here, we experimentally validate this interaction and present simulations that reveal a second possible interaction between SAs and the spike protein via a binding site located in the receptor-binding domain (RBD)...
January 8, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38133222/evaluation-of-the-virulence-of-low-pathogenic-h9n2-avian-influenza-virus-strains-in-broiler-chickens
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Márta Bóna, József Földi, Lilla Dénes, Andrea Harnos, Bettina Paszerbovics, Míra Mándoki
Our study aimed to investigate the virulence of three recent H9N2 LPAIV strains belonging to the G1 lineage, isolated from field infections in North Africa and the Middle East. Three-week-old commercial broiler chickens (in total 62) were included and randomly allocated into three infected test groups and one control group. Each test group was inoculated intranasally/intratracheally with one of the three H9N2 isolates at a dose of 108 EID50 virus. The control group received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via the same route of application...
November 24, 2023: Veterinary Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38078658/a-potential-broad-spectrum-neutralizing-antibody-against-betacoronavirus
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rong Wang, Jiazheng Guo, Jiansheng Lu, Peng Du, Jun Zhang, YunZhou Yu, Lei Chen, Zhiqi Xiong, Yuning Xiang, Xiaodan Ni, Junjie Xu, Zhixin Yang
Three pandemics caused by human Betacoronavirus had broken out in the past two decades. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was one of the novel epidemic strains which caused the third pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global public health crisis. So far, more than millions of people have been infected. Considering the public health and economic impact of Betacoronavirus pandemic, drugs with broad-spectrum activity against these coronaviruses are urgently needed. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) with good neutralizing activity were used to construct a novel immunoglobulin-like bispecific antibody BI31...
December 2023: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38024279/prioritization-of-zoonoses-for-multisectoral-one-health-collaboration-in-somalia-2023
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abdinasir Yusuf Osman, Halima Mohamed, Farah I Mumin, Heba Mahrous, Asma Saidouni, Sharifo Ali Elmi, Amira Khalif Adawe, Abdikani Abdullahi Mo'allim, Mutaawe Lubogo, Sk Md Mamunur Rahman Malik, Athman Mwatondo, Tajudeen Raji, Abdifatah Dirie Ahmed, Alimuddin Zumla, Osman Dar, Richard Kock, Siobhan M Mor
BACKGROUND: The human population of Somalia is vulnerable to zoonoses due to a high reliance on animal husbandry. This disease risk is exacerbated by relatively low income (poverty) and weak state capacity for health service delivery in the country as well as climate extremes and geopolitical instability in the region. To address this threat to public health efficiently and effectively, it is essential that all sectors have a common understanding of the priority zoonotic diseases of greatest concern to the country...
December 2023: One Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38023466/detection-of-human-boca-virus-in-gastric-adenocarcinoma
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zohreh Nozarian, Samaneh Abedidoust, Atoosa Gharib, Moeinadin Safavi, Mahshid Khazaeli, Mohammad Vasei
Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Human bocavirus (HBoV), a recently isolated virus, has been investigated for its role in many respiratory and enteric diseases. Few studies have reported its presence in solid tumors, such as lung and colon cancers. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of the HBoV1 genome in gastric adenocarcinoma, which has not yet been evaluated. Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of 189 gastric tumors and 50 blocks of non-tumor gastric tissue products from elective weight reduction operations were collected...
July 2023: Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38014074/sars-cov-2-nsp15-endoribonuclease-antagonizes-dsrna-induced-antiviral-signaling
#37
Clayton J Otter, Nicole Bracci, Nicholas A Parenti, Chengjin Ye, Li Hui Tan, Abhishek Asthana, Jessica J Pfannenstiel, Nathaniel Jackson, Anthony R Fehr, Robert H Silverman, Noam A Cohen, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Susan R Weiss
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has caused millions of deaths since emerging in 2019. Innate immune antagonism by lethal CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for optimal replication and pathogenesis. The conserved nonstructural protein 15 (nsp15) endoribonuclease (EndoU) limits activation of double-stranded (ds)RNA-induced pathways, including interferon (IFN) signaling, protein kinase R (PKR), and oligoadenylate synthetase/ribonuclease L (OAS/RNase L) during diverse CoV infections including murine coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV...
November 15, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38013973/c1-esterase-inhibitor-mediated-immunosuppression-in-covid-19-friend-or-foe
#38
REVIEW
Melissa A Hausburg, Jason S Williams, Kaysie L Banton, Charles W Mains, Michael Roshon, David Bar-Or
From asymptomatic to severe, SARS-CoV-2, causative agent of COVID-19, elicits varying disease severities. Moreover, understanding innate and adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 is imperative since variants such as Omicron negatively impact adaptive antibody neutralization. Severe COVID-19 is, in part, associated with aberrant activation of complement and Factor XII (FXIIa), initiator of contact system activation. Paradoxically, a protein that inhibits the three known pathways of complement activation and FXIIa, C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), is increased in COVID-19 patient plasma and is associated with disease severity...
December 2022: Clin Immunol Commun
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38009723/development-of-multiplex-real-time-rt-qpcr-assays-for-the-detection-of-sars-cov-2-influenza-a-b-and-mers-cov
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Atheer Althobaiti, Kareem Hamdan, Mohamed A Sobhy, Renad Rawas, Masateru Takahashi, Olga Artyukh, Muhammad Tehseen
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious threat to the general public's health. During influenza seasons, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses may cause a population-wide burden of respiratory disease that is difficult to manage. For that, the respiratory viruses SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, Influenza B, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) will need to be carefully watched over in the upcoming fall and winter seasons, particularly in the case of SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A, and Influenza B, which share similar epidemiological factors like susceptible populations, mode of transmission, and clinical syndromes...
November 10, 2023: Journal of Visualized Experiments: JoVE
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37991919/differences-in-syncytia-formation-by-sars-cov-2-variants-modify-host-chromatin-accessibility-and-cellular-senescence-via-tp53
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan D Lee, Bridget L Menasche, Maria Mavrikaki, Madison M Uyemura, Su Min Hong, Nina Kozlova, Jin Wei, Mia M Alfajaro, Renata B Filler, Arne Müller, Tanvi Saxena, Ryan R Posey, Priscilla Cheung, Taru Muranen, Yujing J Heng, Joao A Paulo, Craig B Wilen, Frank J Slack
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a significant public health threat due to the ability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants to evade the immune system and cause breakthrough infections. Although pathogenic coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV lead to severe respiratory infections, how these viruses affect the chromatin proteomic composition upon infection remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we use our recently developed integrative DNA And Protein Tagging methodology to identify changes in host chromatin accessibility states and chromatin proteomic composition upon infection with pathogenic coronaviruses...
November 21, 2023: Cell Reports
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