nosocomial meningitis

INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial meningitis may occur after procedures affecting the central nervous system or following traumatic injury. The causative infectious organism is commonly Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two antibacterial agents, ceftobiprole and vancomycin in an animal model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) meningitis. METHOD: The strain of MRSA used was ATCC 43300...

INTRODUCTION: Bacterial meningitis poses significant medical challenges due to its acute inflammatory nature and potential for severe neurological complications, emphasizing the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Limited data exists on its epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends among hospitalized patients in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate these factors at a tertiary care hospital over six years. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on cerebrospinal fluid samples results from 222 bacterial meningitis cases among hospitalized patients between 2018 and 2023...

The spread of antibiotic resistance represents a serious worldwide public health issue, underscoring the importance of epidemiology research in determining antimicrobial strategies. The purpose of this research was to investigate antibiotic resistance in Serratia marcescens isolates from clinical samples over seven years at the University Hospital "San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona" in Salerno, Italy. S. marcescens is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with a wide spectrum of clinical diseases, including pneumonia, keratitis, meningitis, and urinary tract and wound infections...

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) has emerged as a novel variant of K. pneumoniae , exhibiting distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics that confer increased virulence and pathogenicity. It is not only responsible for nosocomial infections but also community-acquired infections, including liver abscesses, endophthalmitis, and meningitis, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. HvKP has been reported all over the world, but it is mainly prevalent in Asia Pacific, especially China. Moreover, hvKP can acquire carbapenemase genes resulting in the emergence of carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K...

AIM AND BACKGROUND: Myroides (M.) species are ubiquitous in the environment and cause a variety of infections like urinary tract infections (UTI), sepsis, meningitis, cholecystitis, pneumonia, and soft tissue infections, especially among immunocompromised populations. These are usually resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to demonstrate the clinical profile, underlying comorbidities, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Myroides isolates obtained from nosocomial UTI cases...

Citrobacter koseri (formerly classified as Citrobacter diversus ) is a gram-negative bacillus (GNB) that occurs as an opportunistic pathogen in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Citrobacter species have been implicated in nosocomial settings leading to infections involving the urinary tract, respiratory tract, liver, biliary tract, meninges, and even in rarer conditions-blood stream infection and infective endocarditis (IE). Gram-negative bacilli are responsible for 3% to 4% of all IE cases and have been traditionally associated with intravenous drug users...

A. baumannii, which is said to be associated with nosocomial infections is considered a significant mortality risk if not adequately addressed. A. baumannii infections typically occur in the aftermath of surgery or trauma. Our patient developed complicated A. baumannii meningitis with lateral ventriculitis and a lumbar abscess post surgery after suffering from a fall. The patient was treated with a 21-day regimen of intrathecally administered colistin and polymyxin B. Following this therapeutic period, the patient's condition improved, ultimately leading to successful recovery and subsequent discharge...

The opportunistic bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii , which belongs to ESKAPE group of pathogenic bacteria, is leading cause of infections associated with gram-negative bacteria. Acinetobacter baumannii causes severe diseases, such as VAP (ventilator-associated pneumonia), meningitis, and UTI (urinary tract infections) among the nosocomial infections contracted in hospitals. The high infection rate and growing resistance to the vast array of antibiotics makes it paramount to look for new therapeutic strategies against this pathogen...

Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are nosocomial pathogens that cause various infections and exhibit high resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. In this study, we aimed to develop a duplex droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay for detecting BCC and S. maltophilia in bloodstream infections. We optimized the experimental conditions by setting the annealing temperature to 51°C and determining the optimal concentrations of primers and probes, as well as the thermal cycle numbers...

The current trend in biomedical research is on prioritizing infections based on multidrug resistance. Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, a nosocomial infection-causing organism emerging from Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), leads to neonatal meningitis and sepsis resulting in severe illness, and, in some cases, fatal. Finding a solution remains challenging due to limited prior work. Translational S12 ribosomal proteins play a crucial role in decoding the codon-anticodon helix, which is essential for the survival of E...

The epidemiology of acute bacterial meningitis varies among settings, areas, and times. This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics, the causative organisms and their antibiotic susceptibility, and the outcomes of patients with acute bacterial meningitis in Thai adults. This retrospective study included hospitalized patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with acute bacterial meningitis at Siriraj Hospital during January 2002-December 2016. Of 390 patients, the median age was 48 years, 51% were male, and 80% had at least 1 underlying illness...

BACKGROUND: Device-associated CNS infections is a major subgroup of healthcare associated CNS infections. Healthcare-associated ventriculitis or meningitis differs considerably from community-acquired meningitis in its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and management. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the infection rates, the associated risk factors, and outcomes of these life-threatening infections. METHODS: This was a 2-year single center prospective cohort study...

A multinational outbreak of nosocomial fusarium meningitis occurred among immunocompetent patients who had undergone surgery with epidural anesthesia in Mexico. The pathogen involved had a high predilection for the brain stem and vertebrobasilar arterial system and was associated with high mortality from vessel injury. Effective treatment options remain limited; in vitro susceptibility testing of the organism suggested that it is resistant to all currently approved antifungal medications in the United States...

Ralstonia pickettii is a rare Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium that causes rare infections such as bacteremia, neonatal sepsis, endocarditis, and meningitis in hospitalized or immunocompromised patients. In this study, we identified and reported bloodstream infection caused by R. pickettii in a 15 -year-old boy patient with an autoimmune disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, under plasmapheresis and intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy. He was referred for admission to the neurology center of the teaching hospital of Shiraz, Iran for inability to walk, and lower extremity muscle weakness...

Nosocomial central nervous system (CNS) infections with carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Gram-negative and vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive bacteria are an increasing therapeutic challenge. Here, we review pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data and clinical experiences with new antibiotics administered intravenously for the treatment of CNS infections by multi-resistant bacteria. Cefiderocol, a new siderophore extended-spectrum cephalosporin, pharmacokinetically behaves similar to established cephalosporins and at high doses will probably be a valuable addition in our therapeutic armamentarium for CNS infections...

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of meningitis in nonsurgical hospitalised patients is often difficult and diagnostic accuracy of clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics is unknown. METHODS: In a prospective multi-centre cohort study in the Netherlands with adults suspected of central nervous system (CNS) infections, we included consecutive patients who underwent a lumbar puncture for the suspicion of a nonsurgical nosocomial CNS infection. All episodes were categorized into five final clinical diagnosis categories, as reference standard: CNS infection, CNS inflammatory disease, systemic infection, other neurological disease, or non-systemic, non-neurological disease...

INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial ventriculitis is a severe infection that habitually plagues neurological intensive care units. It is usually associated with external ventricular drains. Unfortunately, classic cerebral spinal fluid parameters are less specific and sensitive compared to community acquired meningitis. This is in part secondary to indolent bacteria commonly infecting external ventricular drains leading to ventriculitis. CASE REPORT: Herein, a rare case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis ventriculitis in an immunocompetent host is reported...

TB is a major concern in the paediatric age group, especially in India. More than 3.33 lakh children between 0 and 14 years of age are affected by TB. Adolescent tuberculosis has been a neglected area and this age group accounts for about 800,000 cases of tuberculosis (TB) cases every year. Information regarding adolescent tuberculosis patient requiring ICU admission/care is very scanty (unlike adult tuberculosis), and the authors believe that the mode of ICU presentation and challenges in adolescents would almost be the same as in adults, although the outcome is generally expected to be better in the adolescent population in view of lesser comorbidities when compared to adults...

We present a case of a full-term newborn with prenatal congenital heart disease, admitted to a level III neonatal intensive care unit. After undergoing a surgical palliation procedure, he experienced a complicated recovery, including nosocomial sepsis with isolation of Acinetobacter nosocomialis in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Subsequently, he developed focal clonic seizures that were refractory to antiepileptic drugs, and imaging studies revealed the presence of a subdural hygroma. Surgical drainage was performed, resulting in the resolution of the seizures...

BACKGROUND: Eczema herpeticum is an infection caused by herpes simplex virus in patients with atopic dermatitis, among its complications we can find meningitis, encephalitis, acute liver failure, and Staphylococcus aureus infection. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a female patient of 5 years of age, with a history of atopic dermatitis complicated by eczema herpeticum, who was treated initially without relief. Her hospital stay was complicated with cross infections, which prolonged her course...