Serology in dengue

BACKGROUND: World Health Organization proposed 7 warning signs to identify the risk of severe dengue in 2009. This study aimed to evaluate the value of these warning signs in detecting severe dengue in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing data of children with clinical dengue infection obtained from medical records between January 2009 and December 2018 in Jakarta. Children with confirmed dengue were analyzed and stratified into 3 age groups: infants less than 1 year old, children 1-14 years and adolescents 15-18 years of age...

Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus from the Flaviviridae family, is the causative agent of Zika fever, a mild and frequent oligosymptomatic disease in humans. Nonetheless, on rare occasions, ZIKV infection can be associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), and severe congenital complications, such as microcephaly. The oligosymptomatic disease, however, presents symptoms that are quite similar to those observed in infections caused by other frequent co-circulating arboviruses, including dengue virus (DENV)...

BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne illness that affects millions of people worldwide every year. With no vaccination available, early detection and treatment is critical. One-hundred-twelve countries in the world pose a risk to travelers, particularly in metropolitan areas. Laboratory diagnoses vary according to objectives, resources, and schedule, with sensitivity and specificity must be balanced for effective testing. METHODS: The current work is a cross-sectional diagnostic study and samples from suspected patients of dengue was collected from May 15 to November 15 2023 and transported to laboratory, and RT-PCR and Dengue Duo Rapid test diagnosis techniques were used on 48 clinical samples included in this study...

BACKGROUND: Dengue virus (DENV) and malaria parasites (MP) are among the common febrile diseases affecting the tropics and subtropics of the world. Both are mosquito-borne pathogens affecting humans and other animals. METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 280 consented out-patients attending the selected hospitals and were analyzed. Malaria parasites were detected using microscopy and Malaria Ag Pf/Pan Rapid Test Device. Dengue virus was detected by serology and heminested reverse transcriptase PCR (hnRT-PCR) to target the flavivirus polymerase (NS5) gene...

Purpose: To report patients who first presented with various ocular manifestations and eventually ascertained to have underlying dengue. Methods: A prospective study was conducted at multiple tertiary eye-care centers in India from 2012 to 2022. Cases reporting initially with ocular features along with fever/past history of fever over the last two weeks or with clinical features of dengue were selected. After an ophthalmological examination, patients underwent complete serological and biochemical analysis and those with reduced platelet counts were evaluated for dengue...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness transmitted by the bite of trombiculid mite in the larval stage. Scrub typhus is rare in pregnancy and there is paucity of data on the clinical outcome of scrub typhus during pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present five cases of scrub typhus complicating pregnancy who were admitted in the obstetric ward at AIIMS Rishikesh, India during the antenatal period for management. RESULTS: The first patient presented at term pregnancy in semiconscious state while the rest were preterm between 31 and 34 weeks period of gestation...

OBJECTIVE: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) in children results in significant neurocognitive deficits or mortality. It is pertinent to study the AES patterns periodically to identify the changes in the etiological trends and outcomes. Our objective was to find the etiological agents of AES, mode of diagnosis, treatment given, and outcomes. METHODS: We reviewed the electronic records of children aged 1 month to 15 years who were admitted with AES in our centre from January 2015 to December 2019...

BACKGROUND: Despite maternal flavivirus infections' linkage to severe maternal and fetal outcomes, surveillance during pregnancy remains limited globally. Further complicating maternal screening for these potentially teratogenic pathogens is the overwhelming subclinical nature of acute infection. This study aimed to understand perinatal and neonatal risk for poor health outcomes associated with flaviviral infection during pregnancy in El Salvador. METHODS: Banked serologic samples and clinical results obtained from women presenting for labor and delivery at a national referent hospital in western El Salvador March to September 2022 were used for this study...

Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) outbreaks in children of Eastern Uttar Pradesh (E-UP) region of India have been a longstanding public health issue, with a significant case fatality rate of 20-25%. Since past decade, a rise in chikungunya (CHIK) cases has been occurring, which is a reported etiology of AES. However, the burden of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) among pediatric AES (pAES) is unknown from E-UP. We included 238 hospitalized pAES cases. The presence of IgM antibodies for CHIKV, and Dengue virus (DENV) was tested, and RT-PCR was performed for CHIKV and DENV in serologically confirmed CHIKV and DENV pAES cases...

PURPOSE: The present study was conducted retrospectively to assess the frequency of acute viral hepatitis among the clinically suspected dengue cases presented at our tertiary care centre during 2021. METHODS: To determine the presence of acute viral hepatitis; Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections, 104 specimens were selected from the dengue-suspected clinical specimens received during 2021 on the basis of acute viral hepatitis symptoms...

BACKGROUND: The riverine communities of the Amazon comprise different social groups that inhabit the rural areas on the banks of rivers and lakes. Residents usually travel by river to rural and urban areas and are then exposed to urbanized diseases such as those caused by arbovirus infection. In Brazil, emerging diseases such as dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and those caused by infection with Oropouche and Mayaro viruses necessitate epidemiological surveillance. This study was aimed at determining the frequency of positivity for immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM antibodies against Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses and performing molecular analyses to detect viral RNA for the Zika, chikungunya, dengue virus, Oropouche, and Mayaro viruses, in the same serum samples obtained from riverside populations...

The ionization state of amino acids on the outer surface of a virus regulates its physicochemical properties toward the sorbent surface. Serologically different strains of the dengue virus (DENV) show different extents of infectivity depending upon their interactions with a receptor on the host cell. To understand the structural dependence of E-protein protonation over its sequence dependence, we have followed E-protein titration kinetics both experimentally and theoretically for two differentially infected dengue serotypes, namely, DENV-2 and DENV-4...

The recent outbreaks related to Mayaro virus (MAYV) infection in the Americas have brought this neglected virus as a potential threat to global public health. Given the range of symptoms that can be associated with MAYV infection, it can be challenging to diagnose individuals based on clinical signs, especially in countries with simultaneous circulation of other mosquito-borne viruses, such as dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV). With this challenge in mind, laboratory-based diagnosis assumes a critical role in the introduction of measures to help prevent virus dissemination and to adequately treat patients...

Dengue fever, the most prevalent arbovirus disease, has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Dengue fever has the potential to involve the nervous system. Acute transverse myelitis is a life-threatening complication of dengue fever, though rarely reported. We report a case of dengue fever-induced transverse myelitis in a 51-year-old male who presented with progressive paraplegia, sensory disturbance, and urinary retention preceded by a febrile illness, vomiting, and retro-orbital pain two weeks before...

Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most significant vector-borne pathogens worldwide. In this report, we describe clinical features and laboratory detection of dengue in a 45-year-old traveler to Nicaragua on return home to the United States in 2019. Clinical presentation was mild, with rash, headache, and fatigue, with only low-grade transient fever. Infection dynamics were documented by serology and PCR of serially collected body fluids. DENV serotype 2 was detected in whole blood 1 day after symptoms emerged, with viral RNA isolated to the red cell fraction, and remained detectable through day 89...

BACKGROUND: Dengue represents a major public health problem in the Americas in general, and in Posadas (Misiones, Argentina) in particular. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of dengue virus infection, analyze associated factors, and determine the proportion of asymptomatic cases. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study took place from November 2017 to April 2019 in the High Complexity Laboratory of Misiones, at the School Hospital Dr. Ramón Madariaga in Posadas...

PURPOSE: To provide an overview of pre-selected emerging arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) that cause ocular inflammation in humans. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature published between 1997 and 2023 was conducted in PubMed database. We describe current insights into epidemiology, systemic and ocular manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of arboviral diseases including West Nile fever, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Rift Valley fever, Zika, and Yellow fever...

Dengue viruses (DENV) are endemic in the US territories of Puerto Rico, American Samoa, and the US Virgin Islands, with focal outbreaks also reported in the states of Florida and Hawaii. However, little is known about the intensity of dengue virus transmission over time and how dengue viruses have shaped the level of immunity in these populations, despite the importance of understanding how and why levels of immunity against dengue may change over time. These changes need to be considered when responding to future outbreaks and enacting dengue management strategies, such as guiding vaccine deployment...

BACKGROUND: Dengue and chikungunya are mosquito-borne infections that are spreading rapidly worldwide. The highest burden lies in tropical and subtropical countries. In 2022 Sudan encountered the most widespread infection of both diseases. AIM: To describe the magnitude of the first outbreak of dengue and chikungunya infections in Tandalti Town, White Nile State, southern part of Sudan. METHODS: Following the report of a high number of undifferentiated febrile illnesses in 32 health clinics in Tandalti Town, an area with high densities of Aedes aegypti, we collected blood samples from symptomatic suspected cases...

BACKGROUND: Dengue virus, a major global health threat, consists of four serotypes (DENV1-4) that cause a range of clinical manifestations from mild to severe and potentially fatal disease. METHODS: This study, based on 19 years of data from the Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study and Pediatric Dengue Hospital-based Study in Managua, Nicaragua, investigates the influence of serotype and immune status on dengue severity. Study participants 6 months to 17 years old were followed during their hospital stay or as ambulatory patients, with dengue cases confirmed by molecular, serological, and/or virological methods...