CRASH 2

UNLABELLED: Previous investigations have found a correlation between abnormal curvatures and a variety of patient complaints such as cervical pain and disability. However, no study has shown that loss of the cervical curve is a direct result of exposure to a motor vehicle collision (MVC). This investigation presents a retrospective consecutive case series of patients with both a pre-injury cervical lateral radiograph (CLR) and a post-injury CLR after exposure to an MVC. Computer analysis of digitized vertebral body corners on CLRs was performed to investigate the possible alterations in the geometric alignment of the sagittal cervical curve...

A large portion of new patients with end stage kidney disease initiates dialysis in the acute setting and continue with outpatient dialysis at in-center facilities. To increase home dialysis adoption, programs have successfully operationalized Urgent Start peritoneal dialysis to have patients avoid in-center dialysis and move straight to home. However, Urgent Start home hemodialysis (HHD) has not been a realistic option for providers or patients due to complex machines and long training times (greater than four weeks)...

OBJECTIVE: One of the main causes of death worldwide among young people are car crashes, and most of these fatalities occur to children who are seated in the front passenger seat and who, at the time of an accident, receive a direct impact from the airbags, which is lethal for children under 13 years of age. The present study seeks to raise awareness of this risk by interior monitoring with a child face detection system that serves to alert the driver that the child should not be sitting in the front passenger seat...

OBJECTIVES: This scoping study aims to identify environmental road safety measures implemented in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to reduce pedestrian injuries from collisions with motor vehicles. METHODS: This review followed Arksey and O'Malley's approach and reported results using the PRISMA-SCR 2018 checklist. A literature review was conducted in Medline, Google Scholar, and the Transport Research International Documentation database using keyword-derived medical subject heading terms...

OBJECTIVE: Roadwork zones represent a hazardous place within the highway system, with higher crash rates and injury severity, often due to excessive speed and noncompliance with speed limits. On freeways, a common layout is to close a full roadway and to divert traffic onto the opposite roadway, with one lane closed to accommodate the redirected traffic, by driving through the median strip. In this scenario, the second chicane can be a hazardous point if it is not correctly signaled. This paper examines the need to install a speed monitoring display (SMD) before the returning chicane on a bypass...

OBJECTIVE: The Common Sense Model (CSM) describes cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial factors that influence how health threats are processed and subsequently inform health-related decisions or actions. The purpose of this study was to examine psychosocial factors influencing coherence, or usefulness, of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) representations and their relationship to health-related decisions and actions. SETTING: Public university. PARTICIPANTS: There were 458 graduate and undergraduate college students who participated in a web-based survey (mean age = 22 years; SD = 3...

Taxis play a crucial role in urban public transportation, but the traffic safety situation of taxi drivers is far from optimistic, especially considering the introduction of ride-hailing services into the taxi industry. This study conducted a comparative analysis of risk factors in crashes between traditional taxi drivers and ride-hailing taxi drivers in China, including their demographic characteristics, working conditions, and risky driving behaviors. The data was collected from 2,039 traditional taxi drivers and 2,182 ride-hailing taxi drivers via self-reported questionnaires...

BACKGROUND: Trauma is a significant cause of mortality, especially among individuals aged between 15 and 44 years, with a substantial burden falling on economically active populations. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear the burden of trauma-related deaths, accounting for over 90 % globally. In Egypt, trauma rates are increasing, primarily due to road traffic crashes (RTC), affecting males disproportionately. Blunt abdominal trauma, often caused by RTC, can lead to missed intra-abdominal injuries (IAIs) due to atypical symptoms...

Chain reaction crashes (CRC) begin with a two-vehicle collision and rapidly intensify as more vehicles get directly involved. CRCs result in more extensive damage compared to two-vehicle crashes and understanding the progression of a two-vehicle collision into a CRC can unveil preventive strategies that have received less attention. In this study, to align with recent research direction and overcome the limitations of econometric and machine learning (ML) modelling, a hybrid approach is adopted. Moreover, to tackle the existing challenges in crash analysis, addressing unobserved heterogeneity in ML, and exploring random parameter effects and interactions more precisely, a new approach is proposed...

Traffic-related pedestrian deaths in the United States reached a 40-year high in 2021. Each year, pedestrians also suffer nonfatal traffic-related injuries requiring medical treatment. Near real-time emergency department visit data from CDC's National Syndromic Surveillance Program during January 2021-December 2023 indicated that among approximately 301 million visits identified, 137,325 involved a pedestrian injury (overall visit proportion = 45.62 per 100,000 visits). The proportions of visits for pedestrian injury were 1...

PROBLEM/CONDITION: A 2019 report quantified the higher percentage of potentially excess (preventable) deaths in U.S. nonmetropolitan areas compared with metropolitan areas during 2010-2017. In that report, CDC compared national, regional, and state estimates of preventable premature deaths from the five leading causes of death in nonmetropolitan and metropolitan counties during 2010-2017. This report provides estimates of preventable premature deaths for additional years (2010-2022). PERIOD COVERED: 2010-2022...

Poly-stoichiometry of hydrated phases is relatively uncommon for organic materials and extended libraries of such species adopting different aqua-to-substrate ratios are still rare. The kinetically controlled higher hydrates could be particularly interesting for their structural relationships, which presumably may imprint some features of the substrate/substrate and aqua/substrate bonding in solutions, and provide insights into the nucleation stage. Two metastable high hydrates are prepared by crash crystallization...

INTRODUCTION: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) should be considered when evaluating the burden of road trauma (RT) injuries. This study aimed to identify distinct HRQoL trajectories following minor to severe RT injury and determine characteristics of trajectory membership. METHODS: This prospective inception cohort study recruited 1480 RT survivors from three emergency departments in British Columbia, Canada (July 2018 - March 2020). HRQoL outcome was measured with the Short Form 12 survey (SF-12) and the 5-level version of the EuroQol instrument (EQ-5D-5L) at baseline (pre-injury) and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months post-injury...

The goal of this study was to gather and compare kinematic response and injury data on both female and male whole-body Post-mortem Human Surrogates (PMHS) responses to Underbody Blast (UBB) loading. Midsized males (50th percentile, MM) have historically been most used in biomechanical testing and were the focus of the Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan) program, thus this population subgroup was selected to be the baseline for female comparison. Both small female (5th percentile, SF) and large female (75th percentile, LF) PMHS were included in the test series to attempt to discern whether differences between male and female responses were predominantly driven by sex or size...

The objectives of this study were to provide insights on how injury risk is influenced by occupant demographics such as sex, age, and size; and to quantify differences within the context of commonly-occurring real-world crashes. The analyses were confined to either single-event collisions or collisions that were judged to be well-defined based on the absence of any significant secondary impacts. These analyses, including both logistic regression and descriptive statistics, were conducted using the Crash Investigation Sampling System for calendar years 2017 to 2021...

Drug impaired driving is an increasing public safety concern across Canada, particularly due to the demonstrated increase in use of recreational drugs such as cocaine. Cocaine is a central nervous system stimulant drug; however, it can impair an individual's driving ability in both the stimulant and crash phases. Despite the scientific consensus regarding cocaine's potential for driving impairment, there is relatively little information available regarding blood concentrations and associated observations of impairment in suspected impaired drivers...

OBJECTIVE: The concentration of drugs in a driver's system can change between an impaired driving arrest or crash and the collection of a biological specimen for drug testing. Accordingly, delays in specimen collection can result in the loss of critical information that has the potential to affect impaired driving prosecution. The objectives of the study were: (1) to identify factors that influence the time between impaired-driving violations and specimen collections (time-to-collection) among crash-involved drivers, and (2) to consider how such delays affect measured concentrations of drugs, particularly with respect to common drug per se limits...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The use of virtual reality (VR) in healthcare education is on the increase. In disaster medicine, it could be a solution to the cost and logistic constraints for a "full-scale" scenarios. However, VR is mainly designed for single players, which is not appropriate for the objectives pursued in disaster medicine. We decided to evaluate the educational value of using individual VR simulation in disaster medicine on a group of learners. METHODS: The VR scenario used was a reproduction of a major train crash, with 21 victims and whose objectives were START triage and first aid techniques...

INTRODUCTION: To examine the recent trends in child injury mortality in China. METHODS: Injury mortality data of 2010-2021 for children and adolescents aged 0-19 years were from the China Health Statistics Yearbook. Injury mortality disparities across urban vs. rural locations, gender, and age groups were scrutinized. Annual percent change (APC), average annual percent change (AAPC), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI ) were estiamted usimg Joinpoint regression models...