opiod overdose

Targeting of location-specific aid for the U.S. opioid epidemic is difficult due to our inability to accurately predict changes in opioid mortality across heterogeneous communities. AI-based language analyses, having recently shown promise in cross-sectional (between-community) well-being assessments, may offer a way to more accurately longitudinally predict community-level overdose mortality. Here, we develop and evaluate, TROP (Transformer for Opiod Prediction), a model for community-specific trend projection that uses community-specific social media language along with past opioid-related mortality data to predict future changes in opioid-related deaths...

Objective: Opioids are a class of drugs that are known for their use as pain relievers. They bind to opioid receptors on nerve cells in the brain and the nervous system to mitigate pain. Addiction is one of the chronic and primary adverse events of prolonged usage of opioids. They may also cause psychological disorders, muscle pain, depression, anxiety attacks etc. In this study, we present a collection of predictive models to identify patients at risk of opioid abuse and mortality by using their prescription histories...

BACKGROUND: Significant public health concerns exist regarding the misuse and abuse of prescription opioids. Abuse-deterrent formulation (ADF) opioids may be leveraged as an important tool for combating the current opioid crisis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationships between ADF opioid formulary coverage and the ADF utilization rate, the risk for opioid abuse or overdose, opioid abuse or overdose-related healthcare resource utilization, and medical costs within a calendar year...

There has been a dramatic increase of deaths due to illicit fentanyl. We examined the pharmacology of fentanyl and reviewed data on the number of repeat doses of naloxone used to treat fentanyl overdoses. Multiple sequential doses of naloxone have been required in a certain percentage of opioid overdoses due to fentanyl. In addition, fentanyl appears to differ from other opioids as having a very rapid onset with high systemic levels found in overdose victims. A rapid competition is required by naloxone to out-compete large numbers of opioid receptors occupied by fentanyl in the CNS...

In order to reduce disease transmission and overdose death resulting from the opioid crisis, North Carolina has recently adopted several harm reduction programs, including community based naloxone distribution and syringe exchange. Additionally, discussions are taking place about safe injection facilities as a way to further reduce the harm of opioids.

BACKGROUND: Non-convulsive seizure (NCS) is an underdiagnosed, potentially treatable emergency with significant mortality and morbidity. The objective of this study is to examine the characteristics of patients with NCS presenting with altered mental status (AMS) and diagnosed with electroencephalography (EEG), to identify the factors that could increase the pre-test probability of NCS. METHODS: Retrospective study using the data collected prospectively. Inclusion criteria: patients older than 13 years with AMS...

Phenazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine that, unlike other benzodiazepines, is currently not scheduled as a narcotic in Finland, most other European countries or the USA. It is used as an anxiolytic, sedative-hypnotic and anti-epileptic, mainly in Russia. In Finland, as well as in some other countries, an increase in the unauthorized use of phenazepam has been observed in recent years. In the one year period between July 1, 2010 and June 30, 2011 the prevalence of phenazepam in Finland was assessed among drivers apprehended for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID), in medico-legal autopsy cases and in police confiscations of illicit drugs...

Children and adolescents with pulmonary hemorrhage are infrequently encountered in the emergency department (ED). We describe a case of a 16 year-old boy who presented to a pediatric ED with pulmonary hemorrhage and respiratory distress. The patient's unusual initial presentation resulted in the consideration of a broad differential diagnosis for his symptoms, including traumatic, neurological, respiratory, and toxicological causes. After resuscitation in the ED, a prolonged admission, and extensive testing, no cause could be found other than severe opioid toxicity...

INTRODUCTION: Dextromethorphan is an opiod-derived, easily available cough remedy that, when used in large quantities, can have stimulatory effects which mimic that of amphetamine and other psychedelic drugs. Due to its easy availability, dextromethorphan is gaining widespread popularity as a recreational drug among Thai youths. Symptoms of overdose are directly related to its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. Dextromethorphan is metabolized by cytochrome p450 2D6, an isoenzyme that exhibit polymorphism in Asians...

The drug overdose resulting in acute intoxication diagnosed in the 106 drug abusers in period form June to December 1994. The screening drugs identification was performed using immunoassays Triage and Vitalab Eclair manufactured by MERCK. Benzodiazepines followed by barbiturates and opiods were most often the cause of acute poisonings among the adult Kraków inhabitants. The results presented indicate that only adequate clinical observation, laboratory tests performance and establishing of intoxication state (acute poisoning, chronic intoxication or withdrawal) allows a complete patient evaluation...