keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37254540/biomimetic-nanovaccines-a-novel-approach-in-immunization
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Javad Yaghmoorian Khojini, Benjamin Babaei, Maryam Shakarami, Mahdis Mofidi, Zahra Tahershamsi, Tahura Fayeghi Arjmand, Amir Tajbakhsh, Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
As the World Health Organization (WHO) declared, vaccines prevent an average of 2-3 million deaths yearly from diseases. However, effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines have yet to be developed for eradicating the deadliest diseases, viz., types of cancer, malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and most serious microbial infections. Furthermore, scores of the existing vaccines have disadvantages, such as failure to completely stimulate the immune system, in vivo instability, high toxicity, need for the cold chain, and multiple administrations...
May 29, 2023: Current Pharmaceutical Design
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37248260/perceptions-and-acceptability-of-the-controlled-human-malaria-infection-chmi-model-in-the-gambia-a-qualitative-study
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Edgard Diniba Dabira, Alexandra Fehr, Nathalie Beloum, Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden, Jane Achan, Annette Erhart, Melisa Martinez-Alvarez, Umberto D'Alessandro
Controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) studies, i.e. the deliberate infection of healthy volunteers with malaria parasites to study immune response and/or test drug or vaccine efficacy, are increasingly being conducted in malaria endemic countries, including in sub-Saharan Africa. However, there have been few studies on the perceptions and acceptability of CHMI by the local communities. This qualitative study assessed the perception and acceptability of such studies in The Gambia following the first CHMI study conducted in the country in March-May 2018...
May 29, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37199411/complications-of-covid-19-on-the-central-nervous-system-mechanisms-and-potential-treatment-for-easing-long-covid
#23
REVIEW
Zhuang-Yao D Wei, Ketty Liang, Ashok K Shetty
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) invades human cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE-2) using a spike protein and leads to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 primarily causes a respiratory infection that can lead to severe systemic inflammation. It is also common for some patients to develop significant neurological and psychiatric symptoms. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 to the CNS likely occurs through several pathways. Once spread in the CNS, many acute symptoms emerge, and such infections could also transpire into severe neurological complications, including encephalitis or ischemic stroke...
March 14, 2023: Aging and Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37036571/phage-therapy-of-antibiotic-resistant-strains-of-klebsiella-pneumoniae-opportunities-and-challenges-from-the-past-to-the-future
#24
REVIEW
Mehrdad Mohammadi, Mahmood Saffari, Seyed Davar Siadat
Klebsiella spp. is a commensal gram-negative bacterium and a member of the human microbiota. It is the leading cause of various hospital-acquired infections. The occurrence of multi-drug drug resistance and carbapenemase-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing weighty contaminations is growing, and Klebsiella oxytoca is an arising bacterium. Alternative approaches to tackle contaminations led by these microorganisms are necessary as strains enhance opposing to last-stage antibiotics in the way that Colistin...
April 10, 2023: Folia Microbiologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37007907/practical-considerations-for-a-tb-controlled-human-infection-model-tb-chim-the-case-for-tb-chim-in-africa-a-systematic-review-of-the-literature-and-report-of-2-workshop-discussions-in-uk-and-malawi
#25
Stephen B Gordon, Simon Sichone, Anthony E Chirwa, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zacharia Kafuko, Daniela M Ferreira, Joanne Flynn, Sarah Fortune, Shobana Balasingam, Giancarlo A Biagini, Helen McShane, Henry Mwandumba, Kondwani Jambo, Keertan Dedha, Nimisha Raj Sharma, Brian D Robertson, Naomi Walker, Ben Morton
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major challenge in many domains including diagnosis, pathogenesis, prevention, treatment, drug resistance and long-term protection of the public health by vaccination. A controlled human infection model (CHIM) could potentially facilitate breakthroughs in each of these domains but has so far been considered impossible owing to technical and safety concerns. Methods: A systematic review of mycobacterial human challenge studies was carried out to evaluate progress to date, best possible ways forward and challenges to be overcome...
2023: Wellcome Open Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36981996/monkeypox-mpox-and-occupational-exposure
#26
REVIEW
Marta Szkiela, Marta Wiszniewska, Agnieszka LipiƄska-Ojrzanowska
Recently, there has been a significant increase in interest in biological risk factors, which are increasingly perceived as an important problem in occupational medicine. Exposure to harmful biological agents may be associated with the deliberate use of microorganisms in the work process or with unintentional exposure resulting from the presence of biological risk factors in the work environment. Monkeypox (mpox) is a viral infectious disease that may afflict humans and non-human primates. Since May 2022, mpox has occurred in Europe, North and South America, Asia, Australia and Africa, with some 76,713 cases (75,822 in locations that have not historically reported mpox) and 29 total deaths reported to date...
March 14, 2023: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36964212/chapter-controlled-human-infection-with-bordetella-pertussis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
H de Graaf, D Gbesemete, R C Read
Bordetella pertussis, a slow-growing Gram-negative coccobacillus and the causative agent of whooping cough, is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable death and morbidity globally. A state of asymptomatic human carriage has not yet been demonstrated by population studies but is likely to be an important reservoir for community transmission of infection. Such a carriage state may be a target for future vaccine strategies. This chapter presents a short summary of the characteristics of B. pertussis, which should be taken into account when developing a human challenge model and any future experimental medicine interventions...
March 25, 2023: Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36937446/case-report-a-rare-case-of-gastric-type-adenocarcinoma-of-stumps-of-duplicated-cervices-in-a-49-year-old-woman-a-case-with-hidden-focus-confused-us-a-lot
#28
Xiaolin You, Li He, Yonghong Lin, Lu Huang, Xihao Wang, Zhigang Wang
Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (G-EAC) is a rare special type of cervical mucinous adenocarcinomas, and it is reported the incidence is unrelated to human papilloma virus infection. We report a rare case of G-EAC in stumps of duplicated cervices in a 49-year-old female patient. The woman complained of post-coital bleeding. She had a didelphic uterus with a duplex cervix, and had undergone subtotal hysterectomy 16 years ago. Gynecological examination revealed a normal-appearing right cervix, but the non-dominant side of the left cervix, which was buried and covered by the side wall of the left vagina, was difficult to view...
2023: Frontiers in Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36905712/antimicrobial-peptides-for-combating-drug-resistant-bacterial-infections
#29
REVIEW
Jiaqi Xuan, Weiguo Feng, Jiaye Wang, Ruichen Wang, Bowen Zhang, Letao Bo, Zhe-Sheng Chen, Hui Yang, Leming Sun
The problem of drug resistance due to long-term use of antibiotics has been a concern for years. As this problem grows worse, infections caused by multiple bacteria are expanding rapidly and are extremely detrimental to human health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a good alternative to current antimicrobials with potent antimicrobial activity and unique antimicrobial mechanisms, which have advantages over traditional antibiotics in fighting against drug-resistant bacterial infections. Currently, researchers have conducted clinical investigations on AMPs for drug-resistant bacterial infections while integrating new technologies in the development of AMPs, such as changing amino acid structure of AMPs and using different delivery methods for AMPs...
March 1, 2023: Drug Resistance Updates: Reviews and Commentaries in Antimicrobial and Anticancer Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36711723/variable-effects-of-wolbachia-on-alphavirus-infection-in-aedes-aegypti
#30
Brittany L Dodson, Sujit Pujhari, Marco Brustolin, Hillery C Metz, Jason L Rasgon
UNLABELLED: Wolbachia pipientis (= Wolbachia ) has promise as a tool to suppress virus transmission by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. However, Wolbachia can have variable effects on mosquito-borne viruses. This variation remains poorly characterized, yet the multimodal effects of Wolbachia on diverse pathogens could have important implications for public health. Here, we examine the effects of somatic infection with two strains of Wolbachia ( w AlbB and w Mel) on the alphaviruses Sindbis virus (SINV), O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), and Mayaro virus (MAYV) in Ae...
January 21, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36646081/the-origins-of-severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dominic E Dwyer
An outbreak of severe pneumonia of unknown cause was identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019: the causative agent was a novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-cotonavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a virus that joins a list of coronaviruses causing severe (e.g., SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome) or milder (e.g., 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1) respiratory tract infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) classified the spreading outbreak as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Many SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been identified in bats, particularly in Rhinolophus horseshoe bats, animals that are common in southern China and Southeast Asia...
February 2023: Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36581711/perceptions-experiences-and-needs-of-adolescents-about-school-based-sexual-health-education-qualitative-systematic-review
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shefaly Shorey, Crystal Min Siu Chua
Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to poor sexual health outcomes such as sexually transmitted diseases, sexually transmitted infections, human immunodeficiency virus, and unintended pregnancy. While school-based sexual health education (SBSHE) can address adolescents' needs, they are often insufficient. Hence, their perception of SBSHE should be explored to improve current education. This review aims to consolidate the available evidence on perceptions, experiences, and needs of adolescents about SBSHE...
December 29, 2022: Archives of Sexual Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36561665/modelling-the-impact-of-some-control-strategies-on-the-transmission-dynamics-of-ebola-virus-in-human-bat-population-an-optimal-control-analysis
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joshua Oluwasegun Agbomola, Adedapo Chris Loyinmi
Qualitative research and comprehensive public awareness to nip the transmission of Ebola virus in the bud before it becomes a global threat is fast becoming imperative especially now that the Gambia Ebola virus is mutated. It is therefore necessary to consider and investigate a vector-host transmission model for possible control strategy of this deadly disease. Hence, in this study, we presented a novel and feasible human-bat (host-vector) <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>S</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>I</mml:mi></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:math> model which foretells the spread and severity of the Ebola virus from bats to humans to investigate the combined effects of three control strategies viz: (1) allowing specialized and designated agencies to bury deceased from Ebola infection without relatives touching or curdling the remains as usually practiced in most part of Africa as last respect for their departed love ones ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...
December 2022: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36322529/characterizing-altruistic-motivation-in-potential-volunteers-for-sars-cov-2-challenge-trials
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abigail A Marsh, Monica Magalhaes, Matthew Peeler, Sophie M Rose, Thomas C Darton, Nir Eyal, Josh Morrison, Seema K Shah, Virginia Schmit
In human challenge trials (HCTs), volunteers are deliberately infected with an infectious agent. Such trials can be used to accelerate vaccine development and answer important scientific questions. Starting early in the COVID-19 pandemic, ethical concerns were raised about using HCTs to accelerate development and approval of a vaccine. Some of those concerns pertained to potential exploitation of and/or lack of truly informed consent from volunteers. Specific areas of concern arose around individuals who may be unusually risk-seeking or too economically vulnerable to refuse the payments these trials provide, as opposed to being motivated primarily by altruistic goals...
2022: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36249323/techniques-for-analytical-estimation-of-covid-19-clinical-candidate-niclosamide-in-pharmaceutical-and-biomedical-samples
#35
REVIEW
Deepank S Gupta, Sonali S Bharate
Niclosamide is a well-known broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug used for human as well as veterinary tapeworm infections. Recently, it attracted attention as an antiviral agent for treating coronavirus disease 2019. It is administered orally in humans to treat tapeworm infections. Furthermore, it is a registered pesticide and molluscicide to control infections in the aquaculture industry. Its chronic environmental exposure has potential toxicities when such contaminated seafood is consumed. Therefore, monitoring its residual concentration in food products (seafood, water, water waste, etc...
September 8, 2022: Separation science plus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36144454/competing-endogenous-rna-cerna-networks-and-splicing-switches-in-cervical-cancer-hpv-oncogenesis-clinical-significance-and-therapeutic-opportunities
#36
REVIEW
Afra Basera, Rodney Hull, Demetra Demetriou, David Owen Bates, Andreas Martin Kaufmann, Zodwa Dlamini, Rahaba Marima
Cervical cancer (CC) is the primary cause of female cancer fatalities in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). Persistent infections from the human papillomavirus (HPV) can result in cervical cancer. However, numerous different factors influence the development and progression of cervical cancer. Transcriptomic knowledge of the mechanisms with which HPV causes cervical cancer pathogenesis is growing. Nonetheless, there is an existing gap hindering the development of therapeutic approaches and the improvement of patient outcomes...
September 16, 2022: Microorganisms
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35986958/potential-of-targeting-host-cell-calcium-dynamics-to-curtail-sars-cov-2-infection-and-covid-19-pathogenesis
#37
REVIEW
Farina Sultan, Kriti Ahuja, Rajender K Motiani
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has severely impacted human well-being. Although vaccination programs have helped in reducing the severity of the disease, drug regimens for clinical management of COVID-19 are not well recognized yet. It is therefore important to identify and characterize the molecular pathways that could be therapeutically targeted to halt SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathogenesis. SARS-CoV-2 hijacks host cell molecular machinery for its entry, replication and egress...
August 11, 2022: Cell Calcium
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35893773/novel-sources-of-bioactive-molecules-gut-microbiome-of-species-routinely-exposed-to-microorganisms
#38
REVIEW
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui, Morhanavallee Soopramanien, Ahmad M Alharbi, Hasan Alfahemi, Naveed Ahmed Khan
The development of novel bioactive molecules is urgently needed, especially with increasing fatalities occurring due to infections by bacteria and escalating numbers of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria. Several lines of evidence show that the gut microbiome of cockroaches, snakes, crocodiles, water monitor lizards, and other species may possess molecules that are bioactive. As these animals are routinely exposed to a variety of microorganisms in their natural environments, it is likely that they have developed methods to counter these microbes, which may be a contributing factor in their persistence on the planet for millions of years...
July 25, 2022: Veterinary Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35846771/tackling-multiple-drug-resistant-bacteria-with-conventional-and-complex-phytochemicals
#39
REVIEW
Thangaiyan Suganya, Issac Abraham Sybiya Vasantha Packiavathy, G Smilin Bell Aseervatham, Areanna Carmona, Vijayaragavan Rashmi, Subramanian Mariappan, Navaneethan Renuga Devi, Devanesan Arul Ananth
Emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria endorses the failure of existing drugs with chronic illness, complicated treatment, and ever-increasing expenditures. Bacteria acquire the nature to adapt to starving conditions, abiotic stress, antibiotics, and our immune defense mechanism due to its swift evolution. The intense and inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of bacteria. Phytochemicals can be used as an alternative for complementing antibiotics due to their variation in metabolic, genetic, and physiological fronts as well as the rapid evolution of resistant microbes and lack of tactile management...
2022: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35705839/risk-benefit-and-social-value-in-covid-19-human-challenge-studies-pandemic-decision-making-in-historical-context
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mabel Rosenheck
During the Covid-19 pandemic, ethicists and researchers proposed human challenge studies as a way to speed development of a vaccine that could prevent disease and end the global public health crisis. The risks to healthy volunteers of being deliberately infected with a deadly and novel pathogen were not low, but the benefits could have been immense. This essay is a history of the three major efforts to set up a challenge model and run challenge studies in 2020 and 2021. The pharmaceutical company Johnson and Johnson, the National Institutes of Health in the United States, and a private-public partnership of industry, university, and government partners in Britain all undertook preparations...
June 15, 2022: Monash Bioethics Review
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