royal college of obstetricians and gynecologists

INTRODUCTION: Second-degree perineal tears following vaginal birth are common and presumed to be of little clinical importance. However, the extent of damage to the perineal body varies widely, and there is reason to believe that larger second-degree tears may be associated with more pelvic floor symptoms, compared to lesser form. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess differences in pelvic floor symptoms according to the severity of second-degree perineal tears up to 12 months post-partum, stratified by parity...

IMPORTANCE: Macrosomia represents the most significant risk factor of shoulder dystocia (SD), which is a severe and emergent complication of vaginal delivery. They are both associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published influential guidelines on the diagnosis and management of fetal macrosomia and SD. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comparative review of guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG), and the Department for Health and Wellbeing of the Government of South Australia on macrosomia and SD was conducted...

Surgical site infections (SSIs) refer to infections in the incision, organ, or postoperative space. As common healthcare-associated infections, SSIs correlate with prolonged hospital stay, additional procedures, ICU stay, and higher mortality rates. Around 8-10% of gynecologic surgery patients may experience infectious complications, influenced by microbial contamination, surgical nature, and patient factors. The goal of this narrative review is to compare and merge recommendations from globally published guidelines concerning the utilization of antibiotics in the perioperative phase...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, completeness, precision, and readability of outputs generated by three Large Language Models (LLMs): GPT by OpenAI, BARD by Google, and Bing by Microsoft, in comparison to patient education material on Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) provided by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG). METHODS: A total of 15 questions were retrieved from the RCOG website and input into the three LLMs. Two independent reviewers evaluated the outputs for accuracy, completeness, and precision...

BACKGROUND: The decision to delivery time is the interval between the decision and the childbirth by emergency caesarean delivery. The Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend that the decision to delivery time interval is less than 30 min. Additionally, the decision to delivery time varies across institutions and countries. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the decision to delivery time and its predictors among women who underwent emergency cesarean delivery at selected hospitals of Northwest Ethiopia, 2023...

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the female genital track, causing various symptoms and problems, including a possible impact on fertility. The relationship between fibroids and infertility has long been a debate among gynecologists. Management of fibroids in women with otherwise unexplained infertility worldwide lacks standardized, evidence-based guidelines. Therefore, a review of guidelines from the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, the Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français, and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine was conducted...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is an increasing problem, even in young women of reproductive age. Obesity has a negative impact on conception, the course of pregnancy, and neonatal outcomes. Caring for obese pregnant women has becoming an important aspect of standard prenatal care. The Guideline "Obesity and Pregnancy" of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics aims to create evidence-based recommendations which can be used to improve the care of obese pregnant women. As obesity is a worldwide problem, many societies for obstetrics and gynecology have created national guidelines...

IMPORTANCE: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization during pregnancy is associated with significant neonatal morbidity and mortality and represents a major public health concern, often associated with poor screening and management. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published influential guidelines on the screening and management of this clinical entity during antenatal and intrapartum periods. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A descriptive review of guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada on the prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease was carried out...

IMPORTANCE: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common pregnancy complication and a significant contributor of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, mainly due to the lack of effective screening, prevention, and management policies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published influential guidelines on the management of pregnancies complicated by FGR. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A descriptive review of guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC), the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand, the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FCGO), and the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics on FGR was carried out...

IMPORTANCE: Osteoporosis causes increased morbidity and mortality, and thus poses a significant economic burden to the health systems worldwide. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published major guidelines on diagnosis and management of this common medical entity. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A thorough comparative review of the most influential guidelines from the RACGP (Royal Australian College of General Practitioners), the ESCEO-IOF (European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis-International Osteoporosis Foundation), the NOGG (National Osteoporosis Guideline Group), the NAMS (North American Menopause Society), the ES (Endocrine Society), and the ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) was conducted...

IMPORTANCE: Cervical cerclage (CC) represents one of the few effective measures currently available for the prevention of preterm delivery caused by cervical insufficiency, thus contributing in the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published major guidelines on the indications, contraindications, techniques, and timing of placing and removal of CC. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A descriptive review of guidelines from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC), and the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) on CC was carried out...

BACKGROUND: Postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence differs by race and ethnicity in the United States. However, it is unclear whether eligibility criteria for postpartum VTE prophylaxis mirrors this disparity. METHODS: We analyzed the National Inpatient Sample from October 2015 through December 2019, using diagnosis and procedure codes to identify postpartum individuals and their VTE risk factors. We compared proportion of delivery hospitalizations meeting eligibility for thromboprophylaxis stratified by race/ethnicity, according to American College of Gynecology and Obstetrics (ACOG), American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG) and American Society for Hematology (ASH) guidelines...

BACKGROUND: There is large variation in recommended for postcesarean delivery venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis among commonly used guidelines. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to estimate implications of adoption of VTE prevention guidelines for rates of receipt of VTE prophylactic therapy and VTE following cesarean delivery (CD). METHODS: We used administrative data from the 2015-2019 Nationalwide Readmissions Database to identify cesarean deliveries and rates of VTE stratified by risk factors, leading to different prophylactic strategies based on several national guidelines...

Purpose The aim of this guideline is to standardize the diagnosis and therapy of recurrent miscarriage (RM) using evidence from the recent literature. This is done by using consistent definitions, objective evaluations and standardized treatment protocols. Methods When this guideline was compiled, special consideration was given to previous recommendations in prior versions of this guideline and the recommendations of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and a detailed individual search of the literature about the different topics was carried out...

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and the puerperium. The vast majority of VTE occurs after childbirth. China has not yet established standard risk assessment model for postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE), the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (RCOG) risk assessment model (RAM) is commonly used in clinic at present. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the validity of the RCOG RAM in the Chinese population and try to formulate a local risk assessment model by combining with other biomarkers for VTE prophylaxis...

IMPORTANCE: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is one of the most frustrating clinical entities in reproductive medicine requiring not only diagnostic investigation and therapeutic intervention, but also evaluation of the risk for recurrence. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published major guidelines on investigation and management of RPL. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A descriptive review of guidelines from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians, and the German, Austrian, and Swiss Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics on RPL was carried out...

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends initiation of 81 mg of aspirin daily for women at risk of preeclampsia between 12 and 28 weeks' gestation, optimally before 16 weeks, with continuation until delivery. The World Health Organization recommends that 75 mg of aspirin should be initiated before 20 weeks of gestation for women at high risk of preeclampsia. Both the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence quality statement on "Antenatal Assessment of Pre-eclampsia Risk" request that healthcare providers prescribe low-dose aspirin to pregnant women at increased risk of preeclampsia daily from 12 weeks of gestation...

INTRODUCTION: Sepsis is one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide and a major public health concern, often associated with delayed diagnosis, suboptimal management, and poor perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to review and compare the most recently published influential guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and management of this complication during antenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum periods. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A descriptive review of guidelines from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), the Society of Obstetric Medicine of Australia and New Zealand (SOMANZ), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC) on maternal and puerperal sepsis was carried out...

BACKGROUND: In low-and middle-income countries, no conclusive research explains the prevalence and associated factors of women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Some authorities have recommended further scientific research on the effect of various definitions of RPL. OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence and associated factors of RPL among pregnant women in Nigeria according to different national and international criteria: the American Society for Reproductive Medicine/ European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ASRM/ESHRE; two losses) and the World Health Organization/ Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (WHO/RCOG; three consecutive losses) criteria...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of postpartum tubal sterilization training program with minilaparotomy approach (PTSMA). STUDY DESIGN: From September 2020 to November 2021, 24 first-year Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents were randomly allocated into 2 groups of traditional apprenticeship learning (watching video clip) versus apprenticeship learning plus PTSMA attending. The program consisted of didactics followed by self-practicing with 2 stations of postpartum tubal sterilization simulators (PTSS)...