Igor Snapkow, Nicola M Smith, Emma Arnesdotter, Karsten Beekmann, Etienne B Blanc, Albert Braeuning, Emanuela Corsini, Marija Sollner Dolenc, Loes P M Duivenvoorde, Gunnar Sundstøl Eriksen, Nina Franko, Valentina Galbiati, Johanna M Gostner, Nathalie Grova, Arno C Gutleb, Rita Hargitai, Aafke W F Janssen, Solveig A Krapf, Birgitte Lindeman, Katalin Lumniczky, Ambra Maddalon, Steen Mollerup, Lucia Parráková, Arkadiusz Pierzchalski, Raymond H H Pieters, Maria J Silva, Anita Solhaug, Yvonne C M Staal, Anne Straumfors, Tünde Szatmári, Jonathan D Turner, Rob J Vandebriel, Ana Claudia Zenclussen, Robert Barouki
As a complex system governing and interconnecting numerous functions within the human body, the immune system is unsurprisingly susceptible to the impact of toxic chemicals. Toxicants can influence the immune system through a multitude of mechanisms, resulting in immunosuppression, hypersensitivity, increased risk of autoimmune diseases and cancer development. At present, the regulatory assessment of the immunotoxicity of chemicals relies heavily on rodent models and a limited number of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines, which only capture a fraction of potential toxic properties...
2024: Frontiers in toxicology