Nitrofurantoin adverse effects

The incidence and prevalence of drug-induced liver injury appear to be increasing globally, for example, with the introduction of checkpoint inhibitors. Several reviews have been published in the last decade on the epidemiology of DILI, both among hospitalized patients and in the general population, as well as from retrospective and prospective studies on DILI. Most of these reviews have not focused on newly recognized agents that have recently changed the landscape of DILI. Apart from liver injury associated with antibiotics, oncological agents, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, are increasingly being recognized as causing liver injury...

We present the case of a 74-year-old woman with a past medical history (PMH) significant for anxiety, depression, and hypertension who presented to the pulmonary clinic for consultation regarding progressive shortness of breath, which started five months ago after developing COVID-19. Further history-taking revealed that she had been started on nitrofurantoin two months ago for recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Her pulmonary function tests (PFTs) demonstrated a moderately restrictive disease. A CT chest was obtained, showing pleural thickening with bilateral pleural-based ground glass opacities...

PURPOSE: Fosfomycin has been used more frequently in managing uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to decreased compliance and increased multidrug-resistant bacteria. The aim of this network meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy of Fosfomycin compared to Nitrofurantoin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), and Ciprofloxacin in terms of clinical and microbiological cure alongside with other measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary toxicity has been associated with drug use. This is often not recognized in clinical practice, and underestimated. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to establish whether polymorphisms in certain genes corresponding with a metabolic pathway of drug(s) used are associated with pulmonary toxicity in patients with suspected drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DI-ILD). METHODS: This retrospective observational study explored genetic variations in three clinically relevant cytochrome P450 (CYP) iso-enzymes (i...

An acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection of the lower urinary tract with no sign of systemic illness or pyelonephritis in a noncatheterized, nonpregnant adult with no urologic abnormalities or immunocompromise. In women, a self-diagnosis of a UTI with the presence of typical symptoms (e.g., frequency, urgency, dysuria/burning sensation, nocturia, suprapubic pain), without vaginal discharge, is accurate enough to diagnose an uncomplicated UTI without further testing. Urine culture and susceptibility testing should be reserved for women with recurrent infection, treatment failure, history of resistant isolates, or atypical presentation to make a definitive diagnosis and guide antibiotic selection...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance poses a huge risk to human health worldwide, while Bangladesh is confronting the most severe challenge between the food supply and the huge consumption of antibiotics annually. More importantly, probiotics containing Bacillus spp. are claimed to be an alternative to antimicrobial stewardship programs. However, their antibiotic resistance remains elusive. Thus, we employed the antimicrobial susceptibility test and PCR to assess the prevalence of resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR) and resito-genotyping of isolated Bacillus spp...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Ocrelizumab, a monoclonal antibody, has proven effective in treating both primary progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Common adverse effects observed in clinical studies include flushing, sore throat, pruritus, and rash. This abstract discusses a case of severe, late-onset neutropenia in a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis undergoing ocrelizumab treatment. The neutropenia emerged 46 days following the patient's most recent ocrelizumab dose. The patient responded well to treatment with intravenous meropenem and filgrastim...

Nitrofurantoin (NFT) is a commonly used antibiotic for the treatment of urinary tract infections that can cause liver toxicity. Despite reports of hepatic adverse events associated with NFT exposure, there is still limited understanding of the interplay between NFT exposure, its disposition, and the risk of developing liver toxicity. In this study, we aim to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for NFT in three different species (rabbits, rats, and humans) that can be used as a standard tool for predicting drug-induced liver injury (DILI)...

Omics techniques have been increasingly recognized as promising tools for Next Generation Risk Assessment. Targeted metabolomics offer the advantage of providing readily interpretable mechanistic information about perturbed biological pathways. In this study, a high-throughput LC-MS/MS-based broad targeted metabolomics system was applied to study nitrofurantoin metabolic dynamics over time and concentration and to provide a mechanistic-anchored approach for point of departure (PoD) derivation. Upon nitrofurantoin exposure at five concentrations (7...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to determine nitrofurantoin exposure in female patients with different age and renal function with complaints of an uncomplicated UTI. Also the nitrofurantoin exposure in relation to the dosage regimen will be studied. METHODS: Eight general practitioners (GP) participated in the study and included 38 patients with symptoms of an uncomplicated UTI, treated either with a dose of 50 mg q6h or 100 mg q12h, upon the discretion of the GP...

Nitrofurantoin has been utilized for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) since the 1950s, and it has been prescribed with increasing frequency since being recommended as a first-line therapy. The adverse neurological and psychiatric effects of antibiotic medications have been well-established. There is evidence to suggest a direct association between acute psychosis and antibiotic exposures. Nitrofurantoin-induced adverse effects have been reported recurrently; however, to the best of our knowledge, a combination of auditory and visual hallucinations with normal baseline mentation and cognition in an immunocompetent geriatric patient, without previously reported hallucinations, have not been reported in the literature so far...

Visceral leishmaniasis is a neglected vector-borne tropical disease caused by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum that is endemic not only in East African countries, but also in Asia, regions of South America and the Mediterranean Basin. For the pharmacological control of this disease, there is a limited number of old and, in general, poorly adherent drugs, with a multitude of adverse effects and low oral bioavailability, which favor the emergence of resistant pathogens. Pentavalent antimonials are the first-line drugs, but due to their misuse, resistant Leishmania strains have emerged worldwide...

We report the case of a previously healthy woman in her 60s who presented to the emergency department with acute confusion, vomiting and fever. She was recently diagnosed with a urinary tract infection as an outpatient and had completed the fifth day of a 7-day course of treatment with nitrofurantoin. We maintained a wide differential diagnosis including infectious, metabolic, autoimmune and medication-related causes. She developed an acute normocytic anaemia in hospital with a haemoglobin drop from 121 g/L to 89 g/L...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus has some damaging effects on the genitourinary system and has been found to have adverse effects on the host immune system, resulting in higher risk of infections including urinary tract infections (UTI). Incidences of UTI caused by bacteria have been increasingly reported globally and the abuse of antibiotics leading to evolving resistant strains of antibiotics is a public health challenge for the management of this condition. Information on the difference in types of bacterial agents causing UTI in diabetic patients and non-diabetic individuals, and their susceptibility profiles, will facilitate effective management among these groups of patients...

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are very common, affecting more than 7 million people worldwide. Whilst many people may only experience a single episode in their lifetime and are generally responsive to standard antibiotics, a significant proportion of adults and children (approximately 15% to 25%) are chronic symptomatic UTI sufferers. Certain population groups are at greater risk than others, such as immunosuppressed and people with chronic kidney disease. D-mannose is a sugar part of normal human metabolism found within most diets...

Antibiotics are known to cause adverse reactions, but multiple organ involvement associated with nonspecific symptoms can lead to a delay in diagnosis. A definitive correlation between each toxin and its effects is difficult to establish due to concomitant potential toxins in the circulation. This article highlights an uncommon case of concomitant nitrofurantoin-induced autoimmune hepatitis and lung fibrosis that fulfills the definitive clinical criteria for diagnosis, presenting histological, imagiological, and immunological evidence of nitrofurantoin-induced toxicity...

Bacterial cystitis is common in dogs and is usually treated with antibiotics. Nitrofurantoin is used for treatment of bacterial cystitis in humans and might provide a feasible treatment option in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the nitrofurantoin plasma concentration-time course and potential adverse effects in dogs. Nitrofurantoin (4.4-5.0 mg/kg) was administered orally to eight healthy beagles every 8 h for five days before repeated plasma and urine samples were collected. An additional four beagles served as untreated controls...

BACKGROUND: Daily, low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis is the current standard care for women with recurrent urinary tract infection. Emerging antimicrobial resistance is a global health concern, prompting research interest in non-antibiotic agents such as methenamine hippurate, but comparative data on their efficacy and safety are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of methenamine hippurate (Hiprex® ; Mylan NV, Canonsburg, PA, USA) compared with current standard care (antibiotic prophylaxis) for recurrent urinary tract infection prevention in adult women...