“Chinese character”

Visual brain-computer interface (BCI) systems have made tremendous process in recent years. It has been demonstrated to perform well in spelling words. However, different from spelling English words in one-dimension sequences, Chinese characters are often written in a two-dimensional structure. Previous studies had never investigated how to use BCI to 'write' but not 'spell' Chinese characters. This study developed an innovative BCI-controlled robot for writing Chinese characters. The BCI system contained 108 commands displayed in a 9*12 array...

Exploring the brain response to stimuli of healthy people in passive state is helpful to understand the brain response mechanism of unresponsive people. Event-related potential (ERP) can reflect the time synchronization of potentials, which is a feasible objective electrophysiological index reflecting the functional status of the brain. In this paper, we used the subjects' own name (SON) as target stimuli and compared with the nontarget stimuli (others' name) of Three Chinese Characters (3CC) and Two Chinese Characters (2CC) with the same stimuli duration (600ms) and inter stimuli interval (500ms-800ms）...

The dialogue system has always been one of the important topics in the domain of artificial intelligence. So far, most of the mature dialogue systems are task-oriented based, while non-task-oriented dialogue systems still have a lot of room for improvement. We propose a data-driven non-task-oriented dialogue generator "CERG" based on neural networks. This model has the emotion recognition capability and can generate corresponding responses. The data set we adopt comes from the NTCIR-14 STC-3 CECG subtask, which contains more than 1...

This study was conducted with the purpose of exploring the impact of positive entrepreneurial psychological quality in innovation and entrepreneurship education, as well as the development of maker education in colleges and universities. The questionnaire survey method - The Positive Mental Characters Scale for Chinese College Students - and the SPSS 26.0 mathematical statistical analysis software were adopted to analyze and characterize the development of innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, as well as the practice of maker education...

In this report, we present the strategy for the revelation of synergistic effect and elucidation of active fractions from an immunomodulatory complex polysaccharide derived from seven herbs (Lentinula edodes, Ganodorma lucidum, Tremella fuciformis, Chrysanthemum, Lycium barbarum, Codonopsis pilosula and Poria cocos), a formula used as health product in China market, using the combination of HPSEC-MALLS, immunological bioassay and saccharide mapping analysis. The effects of complex polysaccharide and their fractions on RAW 246...

We examined younger and older adults' item selection behaviors to assess heuristics for self-regulating learning of English meanings of Chinese characters varying widely in figural complexity. Two study-test trials were used to assess whether (a) item selection behaviors on the first study opportunity would show evidence for a difficulty-based heuristic as posited by Metcalfe's (2002) region of proximal learning (RPL) theory, or alternatively, influences of habitual English-language reading order (i.e. left-to-right, top-to-bottom); (b) whether second-trial selection behaviors were better predicted by RPL or by the discrepancy reduction model (DRM; Dunlosky & Hertzog, 1998); and (c) whether Trial 1 test performance would alter Trial 2 study in a manner predicted by RPL...

The recognition and analysis of tables on printed document images is a popular research field of the pattern recognition and image processing. Existing table recognition methods usually require high degree of regularity, and the robustness still needs significant improvement. This paper focuses on a robust table recognition system that mainly consists of three parts: Image preprocessing, cell location based on contour mutual exclusion, and recognition of printed Chinese characters based on deep learning network...

Clinical event detection (CED) is a hot topic and essential task in medical artificial intelligence, which has attracted the attention from academia and industry over the recent years. However, most studies focus on English clinical narratives. Owing to the limitation of annotated Chinese medical corpus, there is a lack of relevant research about Chinese clinical narratives. The existing methods ignore the importance of contextual information in semantic understanding. Therefore, it is urgent to research multilingual clinical event detection...

The present study sought to establish how a word's contextual predictability impacts the early stages of word processing when reading Chinese. Two eye-movement experiments were conducted in which the predictability of the target two-character word was manipulated; the frequency of the target's initial character was manipulated in Experiment 1, as was the target's end character frequency in Experiment 2. No reliable interaction effect of predictability with initial character frequency was observed in Experiment 1...

Purpose: Everyday social communication emphasizes speech comprehension. To date, most neurobiological models regarding auditory semantic processing are based on alphabetic languages, where the character-based languages such as Chinese are largely underrepresented. Thus, the current study attempted to investigate the neural network of speech comprehension specifically for the Chinese language. Methods: Twenty-two native Mandarin Chinese speakers were imaged while performing a passive listening task of forward and backward sentences...

Objective Linguistic problem is common in Huntington's disease (HD) patients. It has been studied before in native speakers of alphabetic languages, such as English. As a hieroglyphic language, Chinese differs from alphabetic languages in terms of phonology, morphology, semantics and syntax. We aimed to investigate the linguistic characteristics of manifest HD in native speakers of Mandarin. Meanwhile, we expected to explore the linguistic differences associated with cortical or subcortical pathology.Methods Five HD patients and five Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients matched in age, gender, disease course and educational level were enrolled...

The Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula is the main treatment method of TCM. A formula often contains multiple herbs where core herbs play a critical therapeutic effect for treating diseases. It is of great significance to find out the core herbs in formulae for providing evidences and references for the clinical application of Chinese herbs and formulae. In this paper, we propose a core herb discovery model CHDSC based on semantic analysis and community detection to discover the core herbs for treating a certain disease from large-scale literature, which includes three stages: corpus construction, herb network establishment, and core herb discovery...

From June 2018 to November 2019, a survey for cyst-forming nematodes was conducted in rice fields in Henan Province of central China. Cysts were recovered from two rice fields (N32° 14' 048″8 and E115° 4' 008″) at Huangchuan County, leading to more intensive sampling. A further 25 soil samples were then collected with a valve bag from each of these two locations. Cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2) were recovered from roots and soil following Cobb's gravity sieving method. Live cysts were detected in all soil samples with a mean of 6...

<b/> Dynamic visual noise (DVN) selectively impairs memory for some types of stimuli (e.g., colors, textures, concrete words), but not for others (e.g., matrices, Chinese characters, simple shapes). According to the image definition hypothesis, the key difference is whether the stimulus leads to images that are ill-defined or well-defined. The former will be affected because the addition of noise quickly reduces the usefulness of the image in supplying information about the item's identity. The image definition hypothesis predicts that fonts should lead to ill-defined images and therefore should be affected by DVN, and although three previous studies appear to show this result, they lack a key control condition and report only proportion correct...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the extent to which deficits in learning over 6 days are associated with Aβ+ and hippocampal volume in CN adults. METHODS: Eighty CN older adults who had undergone positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging to determine Aβ status (n=42 Aβ- and 38 Aβ+), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine hippocampal and ventricular volume and repeated assessment of memory were recruited from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study...

BACKGROUND: Clinical named entity recognition (CNER), whose goal is to automatically identify clinical entities in electronic medical records (EMRs), is an important research direction of clinical text data mining and information extraction. The promotion of CNER can provide support for clinical decision making and medical knowledge base construction, which could then improve overall medical quality. Compared with English CNER, and due to the complexity of Chinese word segmentation and grammar, Chinese CNER was implemented later and is more challenging...

Using Chinese characters, we investigated how stroke count and frequency of use influence attention and short-term memory (STM) encoding in Mainland Chinese speakers. To isolate specific components of attention we employed the Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), which allowed estimates of STM capacity, processing speed, and the threshold of visual perception. An analysis of TVA parameters revealed that familiarity affects both the memory capacity and processing speed of objects, whereas the threshold for visual perception remained unaffected...

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is generally regarded as a rare inflammatory disease, which results in a diffuse thickening of the dura mater. We retrospectively collected data from patients with HP. METHODS: A total of 16 patients with HP were included in our study. The clinical features, laboratory evaluation, imaging findings, treatment, and outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 16 cases, half were male, with a mean age of 52...

The creative viewpoint of SHENG Xie - sun , the master of Zhejiang school of Chinese medicine is introduced regarding the theories of acupuncture-moxibustion and acupoints. It is stated by master SHENG that the five-tissue needling methods are applicable not only for physical disorders, but also for zangfu disorders. Of these methods, the nearby bone needling method presents an instructive significance in treatment of pain disorder. The "reinforcing in the upper and reducing in the lower" needling method supplements the reinforcing and reducing theory of acupuncture...

In view of the five major misunderstandings in the clinical understanding of gastroesophageal reflux disease in traditional Chinese medicine, that is, wrong main symptoms, wrong position of the disease, wrong character of the disease, treating acid with acid, and attaching importance to drugs and neglecting acupuncture-moxibustion in treatment, Professor BAI Xing-hua has proposed the corresponding solving strategies, which includes grasping the main disease, carefully examining the disease position, distinguishing the character of disease, and no acid suppression for acid regurgitation...