isosthenuria

A chronic, partial mesenteric volvulus was found on laparotomy of an adult Bernese mountain dog with a 4-month history of intermittent vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. The dog had elevated cholestatic and hepatocellular leakage enzymes, increased bile acids, azotemia, isosthenuria, and a hypokalemic, hypochloremic, metabolic alkalosis. The dog recovered fully following reduction of the volvulus.

An 11-year-old male castrated Australian Shepherd was presented with a history of lethargy, panting, and weight loss for 1 month. Physical examination revealed a moderately enlarged spleen. Laboratory abnormalities included thrombocytopenia and marked hypercalcemia, with hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and a monoclonal spike in the beta-globulin region on serum protein electrophoresis. Serum total calcium concentration was markedly increased (16.5 mg/dL, reference interval 8.9-11.4 mg/dL) but ionized calcium concentration (1...

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that diseases that promote isosthenuria predispose to urinary tract infections because of a lack of the common bacteriostatic properties present in concentrated urine. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinicopathologic risk factors for positive urine culture outcome in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), uncontrolled hyperthyroidism (HT), or lower urinary tract disease (LUTD). METHODS: For this retrospective study, medical records of all cats in which a urinalysis and aerobic bacterial urine culture were performed between January 1995 and December 2002 were reviewed...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to review and characterise the clinical presentation of young boxer dogs with chronic kidney disease referred to the authors' institutions. METHODS: Records were collected retrospectively from 37 boxer dogs, less than five years of age, which had presented with azotaemia, inappropriately low urine concentrating ability, and ultrasound or radiographic evidence of abnormal kidneys. RESULTS: Clinicopathological findings included azotaemia, hyperphosphataemia, anaemia, isosthenuria and proteinuria...

BACKGROUND: Primary renal tumors are diagnosed uncommonly in dogs. HYPOTHESIS: Signs and survival will differ among different categories of primary renal tumors. ANIMALS: Data were collected from the medical records of 82 dogs with primary renal tumors diagnosed by examination of tissue obtained by ultrasound-guided biopsy, needle aspiration, surgery, or at postmortem examination. METHODS: This was a multi-institutional, retrospective study...

A 1-year-old guinea pig presented with anorexia, lethargy, and weight loss, 1 week after ingesting a peace lily leaf. Laboratory findings were suggestive of renal failure and included elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine with concurrent isosthenuria. The guinea pig was euthanized 1 month later due to worsening clinical signs.

This report describes an uncommon clinical case of cystic parathyroid adenocarcinoma. A 17-year-old male Persian cat was presented for evaluation of a ventral cervical mass. The cat was inappetent and showed weight loss, polydipsia and vomiting. Serum biochemistry and urinalysis revealed moderate hypercalcaemia, a mild increase of creatinine, isosthenuria and proteinuria. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-agarose gel electrophoresis showed a mixed tubular proteinuric pattern, in accordance with histological examination that revealed interstitial nephritis and glomerulonephritis...

Chronic renal failure was diagnosed in three young Old English Sheepdogs. Clinical signs were characterised by ill-thrift, polydipsia, polyuria, nervous signs and behavioural changes. Laboratory findings showed azotaemia, non-regenerative anaemia, hyperphosphataemia and isosthenuria. The kidneys were characterised histologically by interstitial fibrosis, and thickening and calcification of the tubular and glomerular basement membrane. A familial incidence could not be confirmed in these cases.

A 17-year-old gelding was evaluated because of dysuria, inappetence, and weight loss. Cystoscopy revealed severe mucosal ecchymoses with luminal hemorrhage and accumulations of crystalloid sludge. Analysis of a urine sample revealed isosthenuria, an alkaline pH, pyuria, hematuria, bacteriuria, and numerous calcium carbonate crystals. Histologic examination of bladder mucosa biopsy specimens revealed severe neutrophilic infiltration with mineralization. A diagnosis of encrusted cystitis exacerbated by sabulous urolithiasis was made...

This study was conducted with 3 objectives in mind: first, to identify the toxic fraction (aqueous or organic) in leaves and flowers; second, to identify diagnostic marker(s) of toxicosis in cats; and, third, to evaluate the morphologic effects of intoxication. The study was conducted in 2 phases. Phase 1 was to identify which extract, organic or aqueous, was nephrotoxic and also to determine the appropriate dose for use in the phase 2 studies. Results indicated that only the aqueous extracts of leaves and flowers were nephrotoxic and pancreotoxic...

A 37-yr-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) presented with anorexia, restlessness, and dark-colored urine. Urinalyses showed hematuria, leukocyturia, isosthenuria, proteinuria, granular casts, and no calcium oxalate crystals. Bloodwork revealed azotemia. Urine culture revealed a pure growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim but susceptible to cephalosporins. A presumptive diagnosis of pyelonephritis was made based on bloodwork, urinalysis, and urine culture. The animal was treated with intravenous ceftiofur, and intravenous and per rectum fluids were given for hydration...

Traumatic hypopituitarism was diagnosed in an 11-month-old male neutered cat. The presenting complaints were polydipsia, polyuria and lethargy of three months' duration. Craniocerebral trauma, as a result of a road traffic accident, had preceded the onset of clinical signs by six weeks. Neurological examination revealed right-sided mydriasis, reduced visual and tactile left forelimb placing reflexes and decreased proprioception in both the left fore- and hindlimb. Initial laboratory findings included hypernatraemia, hyperchloraemia, mild azotaemia, eosinophilia and isosthenuria...

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PURPOSE: Hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies (Bartter-like syndromes) comprise a set of clinically and genetically distinct inherited renal disorders. Mutations in four renal membrane proteins involved in electrolyte reabsorption have been identified in these disorders: the furosemide-sensitive sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter NKCC2, the potassium channel ROMK, the chloride channel ClC-Kb, and the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter NCCT. The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical features associated with each mutation in a large cohort of genetically defined patients...

In autosomal dominant distal renal tubular acidosis type I (dRTA) impaired hydrogen ion secretion is associated with metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremic hypokalemia, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and/or nephrolithiasis. A retardation of growth is commonly observed. In this report we present a family with autosomal dominant dRTA with an atypical and discordant clinical picture. The father presented with severe nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, and isosthenuria but metabolic acidosis was absent. His 6-year-old daughter, however, suffered from metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, and hypercalciuria...

Osmosis, as described in 1825 by H.J. Dutrochet, played a role in the role in the beginning of physical chemistry and of the evaluation of renal functions. In 1871, the osmotic pressure, not so well understood by scientists, was again suggested by de Vries who described the "plasmolysis", a phenomenon corresponding to cell retraction when incubated in high molecular concentration solutions. Although the results were not well interpretated, this phenomenon was related to the osmotic pressure. Van't Hoff studied the mechanisms phenomena and compared it to the gas volume/pressure relationship...

OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical signs, biochemical findings, results of modified water deprivation and other diagnostic tests, response to treatment, and survival time in dogs with central diabetes insipidus (CDI). DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 20 dogs with CDI. PROCEDURE: Signalment, history, physical examination, results of diagnostic tests, response to treatment, and survival time were extracted from the medical record of each dog and supplemented with information obtained from owners via telephone...

Tetracyclines have been used as in vivo indicators of new bone formation because they form complexes with mineral at bone-forming surfaces. Four of 12 dogs in a bone-labeling study developed clinical signs of renal disease (vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, and azotemia) within 1 to 2 days of receiving oxytetracycline at a bone-labeling dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight, once daily for 2 consecutive days. To delineate the relationship between oxytetracycline administration and renal damage, six dogs were given the bone-labeling dose intravenously and were subsequently evaluated by determination of clinical signs, serum biochemical analysis, urinalysis, and histologic examination (experiment 1)...

An 8-year-old spayed female ferret was examined for diffuse generalized alopecia, erythema, erosions, crusts, and ulcerated plaques that were nonresponsive to long-term administration of corticosteroids. Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma was diagnosed on the basis of histologic examination of skin biopsy specimens. Neoplastic cells were determined to be of T-lymphocytic origin by results of immunohistochemical staining with a rabbit anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody. Additional laboratory abnormalities detected included anemia, azotemia, isosthenuria, pyuria, and bacteriuria...

In hyperprostaglandin E syndrome (HPS) renal wasting of electrolytes and water is consistently associated with enhanced synthesis of prostaglandin E2. In contrast to Bartter or Gitelman syndrome (BS/GS), HPS is characterized by its severe prenatal manifestation, leading to fetal polyuria, development of polyhydramnios, and premature birth. This disorder mimics furosemide treatment with hypokalemic alkalosis, hypochloremia, isosthenuria, and impaired renal conservation of both calcium and magnesium. Therefore the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle seems to be involved in HPS...