I/R injury

BACKGROUND: Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease caused by superantigen-producing Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Staphylococcal TSS received special attention from 1978 to 1981, when an epidemic was observed associated with the use of hyper-absorbent tampons. Today the disease is rare and generally not related to menstruation, but can occur postpartum or in post-surgical wounds, intrauterine devices (IUDs), burns or other soft tissue injuries, mastitis or other focal infections...

Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) is an irreversible adverse event during the management of coronary heart disease that lacks effective controls. The underlying mechanism of MIRI still requires further investigation. Recent studies have suggested that overexpression of ATF3 protects against MIRI by regulating inflammatory responses, ferroptosis, and autophagy. The downstream target of ATF3, EGR1, also showed cardioprotective properties against MIRI by promoting autophagy. Therefore, further investigating the effect of ATF3/EGR1 pathway on MIRI-induced inflammation and autophagy is needed...

BACKGROUND: We performed an analysis of a large intensive care unit electronic database to provide preliminary estimates of various blood pressure parameters in patients with acute stroke receiving intravenous (IV) antihypertensive medication and determine the relationship with in-hospital outcomes. METHODS: We identified the relationship between pre-treatment and post-treatment systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR)-related variables and in-hospital mortality and acute kidney injury in patients with acute stroke receiving IV clevidipine, nicardipine, or nitroprusside using data provided in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC) IV database...

Objectives: We previously demonstrated cerebral mitochondrial dysfunction in neonatal swine immediately following a period of full-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The extent to which this dysfunction persists in the postoperative period and its correlation with other markers of cerebral bioenergetic failure and injury is unknown. We utilized a neonatal swine model to investigate the early evolution of mitochondrial function and cerebral bioenergetic failure after CPB. Methods: Twenty piglets (mean weight 4...

BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is an eye disease. Its pathological process involves retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), which causes irreversible blindness in patients. Geniposide (Gen), a bioactive iridoid glycoside extracted from the fruit of gardenia, exhibits many biological effects, such as anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress, and anti-thrombotic effects. However, its therapeutic potential for the retinal I/R injury remains unclear. This study investigated the protective effect of Gen against I/R injury by inhibiting abnormal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and retinal neuron apoptosis...

It is unknown whether elevated gut-derived serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can affect thrombin generation, fibrinolysis, and fibrin clot properties in atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to evaluate associations of circulating LPS with prothrombotic markers in AF patients. A total of 157 (women, 57.3%) ambulatory anticoagulant-naïve AF patients aged from 42 to 86 years were recruited. Clinical data together with serum LPS, inflammation, endothelial injury, coagulation and fibrinolysis markers, including fibrin clot permeability (Ks ) and clot lysis time (CLT), were analyzed...

Osteoporosis, and the consequences derived from it, such as fragility fractures, constitute a growing public health problem. Suffering from a fracture of this nature is the main risk factor for suffering a new fracture. It is documented that vertebral compression fractures lead to significant morbidity and mortality, in the short and long term, as well as other complications, such as sagittal imbalance and hyperkyphosis of the segment. However, we have not found documentation that analyzes the medium and long-term consequences of these injuries, assessing the type of treatment used, and the economic impact they represent...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as sudden loss of renal function characterized by increased serum creatinine levels and reduced urinary output with a duration of 7 days. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated necrotic pathway, has been implicated in the progression of AKI, while ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), a selective inhibitor of ferroptosis, inhibited renal damage, oxidative stress and tubular cell death in AKI mouse models. However, the clinical translation of Fer-1 is limited due to its lack of efficacy and metabolic instability...

INTRODUCTION: Corona Mortis (CMOR) is a term used to describe an anatomical vascular variant of retropubic anastomosis located posterior to superior pubic ramus. We aim to provide sufficient data on the incidence, morphology and mean location of 'crown of death' in Asian population. Other objectives include to assess the relationship between CMOR incidence with gender, race and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional cadaveric study involving 164 randomly selected fresh multiracial Asian hemipelves (82 cadavers)...

AIMS: Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important complication of reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction, extremely compromising the cardiac benefits of revascularization, however, specific and efficient treatment for cardiac I/R injury is still lacking. Isthmin-1 (ISM1) is a novel adipokine, and plays indispensable roles in regulating glycolipid metabolism and cell survival. The present study aims to investigate the potential role and molecular mechanism of ISM1 in cardiac I/R injury using gain- and loss-of-function approaches...

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) are the most frequent postoperative complications, with an estimated prevalence in elective surgery ranging from 20% in observational cohort studies to 40% in randomized clinical trials. However, the prevalence of PPCs in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery is not well defined. Lung-protective ventilation aims to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury and reduce PPCs. The open lung approach (OLA), which combines recruitment manoeuvres (RM) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration, aims to minimize areas of atelectasis and the development of PPCs; however, there is no conclusive evidence in the literature that OLA can prevent PPCs...

INTRODUCTION: Data on positive rechallenge in idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) are scarce. We aim to analyse the clinical presentation, outcome and drugs associated with positive rechallenge in two DILI registries. METHODS: Cases from the Spanish and Latin American DILI registries were included. Demographics, clinical characteristics and outcome of cases with positive rechallenge according to CIOMS/RUCAM and current definitions were analysed. RESULTS: Of 1,418 patients with idiosyncratic DILI, 58 cases had positive rechallenge (4...

Cerebral ischemic stroke is a major contributor to physical impairments and premature death worldwide. The available reperfusion therapies for stroke in the form of mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous thrombolysis increase the risk of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury due to sudden restoration of blood supply to the ischemic region. The injury is manifested by hemorrhagic transformation, worsening of neurological impairments, cerebral edema, and progression to infarction in surviving patients. A complex network of multiple pathological processes has been known to be involved in the pathogenesis of I-R injury...

In the field of contemporary medicine, inflammation has emerged as a significant concern in global public health. Among the current anti-inflammatory strategies, nanozymes possess distinctive advantages and demonstrate unexpected efficacy in combating inflammation. However, the indeterminate structures and limited enzyme-like activity exhibited by most developed nanozymes impede their clinical translation and therapeutic effectiveness. In this paper, we developed a nanozyme derived from a well-defined metal-organic cage (MOC)...

Foreign body ingestion is an infrequent cause of small bowel obstruction and, rarely, perforation. It is a common occurrence among pediatric patients, mentally impaired and the edentulous elderly population majority of which will pass through the gastrointestinal tract uneventfully. The likelihood of complications such as perforation, bleeding or fistula formation increases markedly particularly for sharp, stiff, and elongated objects (i.e. toothpicks, meat bones, pins, and razor blades). Diagnosis can be difficult as frequently patients are incognizant of the nature and time of ingestion...

INTRODUCTION: Wound irrigation has been employed as an important surgical step to remove bacteria, devitalized tissues, and foreign bodies from surgical sites to prevent infection and confer to the wound maximum potential of healing. METHOD: A prospective study was conducted at Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, between January 2019- August 2023 to assess the benefit of antibiotics as additives in irrigation of dirty wounds. Seven (7) patients in total were presented with severe cut-throat injuries that require laryngopharyngoplasty...

BACKGROUND: Sleep is a critical component of recovery, but it can be disrupted following prolonged endurance exercise. The objective of this study was to examine the capacity of male and female professional cyclists to recover between daily race stages while competing in the 2022 Tour de France and the 2022 Tour de France Femmes, respectively. The 17 participating cyclists (8 males from a single team and 9 females from two teams) wore a fitness tracker (WHOOP 4.0) to capture recovery metrics related to night-time sleep and autonomic activity for the entirety of the events and for 7 days of baseline before the events...

OBJECTIVES: To determine venous thromboembolism (VTE) testing patterns in an orthopaedic trauma population and to evaluate for differences in VTE surveillance by prophylaxis regimen through a secondary analysis of the ADAPT trial. DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. SETTING: Level I trauma center. PATIENTS: Three hundred twenty-nine adult (18 years and older) trauma patients presenting with an operative extremity fracture proximal to the metatarsals/carpals or any pelvic or acetabular fracture requiring VTE prophylaxis...

BACKGROUND: Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is usually caused by hepatic inflow occlusion during liver surgery, and is frequently observed during war wounds and trauma. Hepatocyte ferroptosis plays a critical role in liver I/R injury, however, it remains unclear whether this process is controlled or regulated by members of the DEAD/DExH-box helicase (DDX/DHX) family. METHODS: The expression of DDX/DHX family members during liver I/R injury was screened using transcriptome analysis...

BACKGROUND: Many patients with heart disease potentially have comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, there are not enough opportunities for screening, and the qualitative differentiation of shortness of breath (SOB) has not been well established. We investigated the detection rate of SOB based on a visual and qualitative dynamic lung hyperinflation (DLH) detection index during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and assessed potential differences in respiratory function between groups...