Central nervous system recovery

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic provoked disruptions in healthcare delivery. Following the recommendations of major surgical societies and surgical departments globally, most surgeries were widely canceled or postponed, causing significant disruptions to healthcare delivery worldwide, including in Brazil. Brazil's public healthcare system - Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) was particularly affected, with a substantial decline in elective procedures, especially during the pandemic's early stages...

AIMS: Ventral pathway circuits are constituted by the interconnected brain areas that are distributed throughout the brain. These brain circuits are primarily involved in processing of object related information in brain. However, their role in object recognition memory (ORM) enhancement remains unknown. Here, we have studied on the implication of these circuits in ORM enhancement and in reversal of ORM deficit in aging. METHODS: The brain areas interconnected to ventral pathway circuits in rat brain were activated by an expression of a protein called regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14414 )...

UNLABELLED: Paediatric acquired demyelinating syndrome(ADS) constitute group of treatable disorders with acute neurologic dysfunction. Neuroimaging has played significant role in diagnosis of ADS. We describe clinico-radiologic spectrum, outcome and compare the groups Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum disorder (NMOSD), clinically-isolated-syndrome (CIS), Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein antibody associated disorders (MOGAD)...

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Surgical brain injury (SBI), induced by neurosurgical procedures or instruments, has not attracted adequate attention. The pathophysiological process of SBI remains sparse compared to that of other central nervous system diseases thus far. Therefore, novel and effective therapies for SBI are urgently needed. In this study, we found that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) were present in the circulation and brain tissues of rats after SBI, which promoted neuroinflammation, cerebral edema, neuronal cell death, and aggravated neurological dysfunction...

Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of pyroptosis-mediated cell death and neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke (IS) pathogenesis. DL-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), a synthesized compound based on an extract from seeds of Apium graveolens, possesses a broad range of biological effects. However, the efficacy and the underlying mechanisms of NBP in IS remain contentious. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic effects of NBP and elucidated its potential mechanisms in neuronal cell pyroptosis and microglia inflammatory responses...

INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a rare, treatable disease of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by an antibody-related immune response. This study is to investigate the correlation of clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) characteristics, and prognosis in patients with AE. METHODS: A total of 71 patients diagnosed with antibody-positive AE were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into three groups: anti-NMDAR group, anti-LGI1 group, and other types...

OBJECTIVE: Neuronal precursor cells expressed developmentally down-regulated 4 (Nedd4) are believed to play a critical role in promoting the degradation of substrate proteins and are involved in numerous biological processes. However, the role of Nedd4 in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the regulatory role of Nedd4 in the ICH model. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were induced with ICH. Subsequently, the levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, iron content, mitochondrial morphology, as well as the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) and Nedd4 were assessed after ICH...

CONTEXT: Little information exists regarding what exertional heatstroke (EHS) survivors know and believe about EHS best practices. Understanding this would help clinicians focus educational efforts to ensure survival and safe return-to-play following EHS. OBJECTIVE: We sought to better understand what EHS survivors knew about EHS seriousness (e.g., lethality, short- and long-term effects), diagnosis and treatment procedures, and recovery. Design: Multi-year, cross-sectional, descriptive design...

A recently described type of neonatal diabetes mellitus is caused by mutations in the YIPF5 gene and is combined with manifestations from the central nervous system, including developmental delay, epilepsy, and microcephaly. The molecular pathophysiology behind this phenotype involves the breakdown of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response due to the loss of protein folding capacity. This results in overt diabetes present from very early in life. Herein, we describe a patient with a newly reported variant in the YIPF5 gene, who presented with short events of severe hyperglycemia, induced by the stress of common illnesses, which completely resolved after recovery...

The nuclear factor binding the κ light chain in B-cells (NFκB) is involved in a wide range of cellular processes including development, growth, innate immunity, and sleep. However, genetic studies of the role of specific NFκB transcription factors in sleep have been limited. Drosophila fruit flies carry three genes encoding NFκB transcription factors, Dorsal, Dorsal Immunity Factor (Dif), and Relish. We previously found that loss of the Relish gene from fat body suppressed daily nighttime sleep, and abolished infection-induced sleep...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, resulting in the extravasation of blood proteins into the brain. The impact of blood proteins, especially fibrinogen, on inflammation and neurodegeneration post-TBI is not fully understood, highlighting a critical gap in our comprehension of TBI pathology and its connection to innate immune activation. METHODS: We combined vascular casting with 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (uDISCO) to study the spatial distribution of the blood coagulation protein fibrinogen in large, intact brain volumes and assessed the temporal regulation of the fibrin(ogen) deposition by immunohistochemistry in a murine model of TBI...

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic benefits of motor imagery (MI) are now well-established in different populations of persons suffering from central nervous system impairments. However, research on similar efficacy of MI interventions after amputation remains scarce, and experimental studies were primarily designed to explore the effects of MI after upper-limb amputations. OBJECTIVES: The present comparative study therefore aimed to assess the effects of MI on locomotion recovery following unilateral lower-limb amputation...

Ischemic stroke is divided into acute phase, subacute phase, and recovery phase, with different pathological and physiological characteristics manifested at each stage. Among them, immune and inflammatory reactions persist for several days and weeks after ischemia. Ischemic stroke not only triggers local inflammation in damaged brain regions but also induces a disorder in the immune system, thereby promoting neuroinflammation and exacerbating brain damage. Therefore, conducting an in-depth analysis of the interaction between the central nervous system and the immune system after ischemic stroke, intervening in the main factors of the interaction between them, blocking pathological cascades, and thereby reducing brain inflammation have become the treatment strategies for ischemic stroke...

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition by organophosphorus (OP) compounds poses a serious health risk to humans. While many therapeutics have been tested for treatment after OP exposure, there is still a need for efficient reactivation against all kinds of OP compounds, and current oxime therapeutics have poor blood-brain barrier penetration into the central nervous system, while offering no recovery in activity from the OP-aged forms of AChE. Herein, we report a novel library of 4-amidophenol quinone methide precursors (QMP) that provide effective reactivation against multiple OP-inhibited forms of AChE in addition to resurrecting the aged form of AChE after exposure to a pesticide or some phosphoramidates...

In certain neurological disorders such as stroke, the impairment of upper limb function significantly impacts daily life quality and necessitates enhanced neurological control. This poses a formidable challenge in the realm of rehabilitation due to its intricate nature. Moreover, the plasticity of muscle synergy proves advantageous in assessing the enhancement of motor function among stroke patients pre and post rehabilitation training intervention, owing to the modular control strategy of central nervous system...

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in regulating the exchange of substances between peripheral blood and the central nervous system and in maintaining the stability of the neurovascular unit in neurological diseases. To guide clinical treatment and basic research on BBB protection following brain injury, this manuscript reviews how BBB disruption develops and influences neural recovery after stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI). By summarizing the pathological mechanisms of BBB damage, we underscore the critical role of promoting BBB repair in managing brain injury...

This case study examines the rehabilitation strategy for a 51-year-old farmer with primary neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS)-related hemiparesis, balance issues, and cognitive impairment. Primary neoplasm of the CNS is a rare type of cancer that affects the brain, spinal cord, and other parts of the CNS. Hemiparesis, which is weakness on one side of the body, is a common symptom of primary neoplasm of the CNS. The tumour can cause inflammation and swelling in the brain, which can further contribute to weakness...

BACKGROUND: In people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), muscle fatigue and weakness are common issues that can interfere with daily activities. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), comprising light in a 600-1100 nm bandwidth, is a low-level laser therapy thought to improve muscle performance in non-disease populations, in part, by improving mitochondrial function and thus, might be beneficial in pwMS. Given this potential, we aimed to investigate the effects of PBMT on muscle performance in pwMS, both in the short-term and over an extended period...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to review evidence on the ability of red cell distribution width (RDW) to predict mortality and poor functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS: Databases of PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were searched online from inception to 25th Jul 2023 for all studies reporting the association between RDW and outcomes as adjusted ratios. A random-effects meta-analysis was done. Meta-regression was conducted using multiple moderators...