Multidrug resistant

A rare human pathogen,  Serratia fonticola ( S. fonticola )   has previously been found to cause skin and soft tissue infections post-trauma. The literature contains limited information regarding its management or sensitivity patterns. We aim to share our findings on S. fonticola infections in an area with a high rate of antibiotic resistance. To draw attention to this uncommon and rare infection, we share a case series of S. fonticola . The antibiogram revealed that S. fonticola in all our cases was multidrug resistant...

Urinary tract infections are a common diagnosis in dogs presenting to veterinary practice. Veterinarians often treat suspected infections empirically, either in the absence of culture and susceptibility testing results or whilst waiting for them. This study aimed to identify the bacteria most frequently isolated from canine urinary samples and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in South East Queensland (SEQ) to help guide responsible empirical antimicrobial prescription by the veterinary community in this geographical location...

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections are a major public health problem, necessitating the administration of polymyxin E (colistin) as a last-line antibiotic. Meanwhile, the mortality rate associated with colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae infections is seriously increasing. On the other hand, importance of administration of carbapenems in promoting colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae is unknown. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of K...

The escalating drug resistance among microorganisms underscores the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies and a comprehensive understanding of bacteria's defense mechanisms against oxidative stress and antibiotics. Among the recently discovered barriers, the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) via the reverse transsulfuration pathway, emerges as a noteworthy factor. In this study, we have explored the catalytic capabilities and crystal structure of cystathionine γ-lyase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaCGL), a multidrug-opportunistic pathogen chiefly responsible for nosocomial infections...

AIMS: Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen known to be multidrug-resistant (MDR), especially to drugs of carbapenem classes. Several factors contribute to resistance, including efflux pumps, β-lactamases, alteration of target sites, and permeability defects. In addition, outer membrane proteins (OMPs) like porins are involved in the passage of antibiotics, and their alteration could lead to resistance development. This study aimed to explore the possible involvement of porins and OMPs in developing carbapenem resistance due to differential expression...

Chagas' disease reactivation leading to monophasic acute or subacute meningoencephalitis or space-occupying lesions is a well-described AIDS-defining condition in Latin America. We report a 59-year-old man native from the Northeast region of Brazil, with a second episode of subacute chagasic meningomyelitis. He had long-term multidrug-resistant HIV and had abandoned combined antiretroviral therapy (CD4+ lymphocyte count, 16 cells/mm³, and HIV viral load 169 403 copies/mL). He initially received benznidazole but switched to nifurtimox after developing myelotoxicity...

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that can colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans. The mechanisms underlying the successful translocation of this pathogen to cause extra-intestinal infections remain unknown, although virulence and antimicrobial resistance traits likely play significant roles in the establishment of infections. We investigated K. pneumoniae strains isolated from GIT colonization (strains Kp_FZcol-1, Kp_FZcol-2 and Kp_FZcro-1) and from a fatal bloodstream infection (strain Kp_HM-1) in a leukemia patient...

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an (auto)immune-mediated cholestatic liver disease with a yet unclear etiology. Increasing evidence points to an involvement of neutrophils in chronic liver inflammation and cirrhosis but also liver repair. Here, we investigate the role of the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) component myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the therapeutic potential of DNase I and of neutrophil elastase (NE) inhibitor GW311616A on disease outcome in the multidrug resistance 2 knockout (Mdr2-/- ) mouse, a PSC animal model...

Infectious coryza (IC) is an acute infectious respiratory disease in chickens that is caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (A. paragallinarum). A. paragallinarum poses a significant threat to poultry health due to its virulence and multidrug resistance. This study isolated and identified 21 A. paragallinarum isolates from Guangdong between 2022 and 2023. Biochemical tests showed that 100% of A. paragallinarum isolates fermented glucose but did not ferment alginate and galactose, and only YZ18 was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide independent...

Phage therapy is a therapeutic approach to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections that employs lytic bacteriophages (phages) to eliminate bacteria. Despite the abundant evidence for its success as an antimicrobial in Eastern Europe, there is scarce data regarding its effects on the human host. Here, we aimed to understand how lytic phages interact with cells of the airway epithelium, the tissue site that is colonized by bacterial biofilms in numerous chronic respiratory disorders. Using a panel of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages and human airway epithelial cells (AECs) derived from a person with cystic fibrosis (CF), we determined that interactions between phages and epithelial cells depend on specific phage properties as well as physiochemical features of the microenvironment...

The application of transition metal complexes for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an attractive alternative in mitigating a broad range of bacterial pathogens, including multidrug-resistant pathogens. In view of their photostability, long excited-state lifetimes, and tunable emission properties, transition metal complexes also contribute as bioimaging agents. In the present work, we designed mono and trinuclear cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes to explore their imaging application and antibacterial potential...

The discovery of safe and efficient inhibitors against efflux pumps as well as metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) is one of the main challenges in the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) reversal agents which can be utilized in the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we have identified that introduction of an ethylene-linked sterically demanding group at the 3-OH position of the previously reported MDR reversal agent di-F-Q endows the resulting compounds with hereto unknown multitarget inhibitory activity against both efflux pumps and broad-spectrum β-lactamases including difficult-to-inhibit MBLs...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the in vitro efficacy of cefiderocol in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates and evaluate the disk-diffusion (DD) method as an alternative method to broth-microdilution (BMD). METHODS: Totally 89 CRAB isolates were included. Cluster analysis was determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Resistance genes; blaOXA-51 , blaOXA-23 , blaOXA-24 , blaOXA-58, blaPER-1 , blaNDM , blaIMP and mcr-1 were screened...

Drug efflux systems have recently been recognized as a significant mechanism responsible for multidrug resistance in bacteria. In this study, we described the identification and characterization of a new chromosomally encoded efflux pump (SA00565) in Staphylococcus aureus . SA00565, which belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily, was predicted to be a 10-transmembrane segment transporter. To evaluate the role of sa00565 in resistance, we generated sa00565 gene deletion mutant (Δ sa00565 ) and assessed its susceptibility to 35 different antibiotic treatments...

UNLABELLED: Integration of carbapenemase gene bla IMP into the chromosome of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has not been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the genomic characteristics of CRAB AB322 isolated from a Taiwanese patient diagnosed with bacteremia in 2011, whose chromosome harbors bla IMP-19 . Disk diffusion and broth microdilution were employed to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility of AB322 to 14 antimicrobials. Nanopore whole-genome sequencing platform was utilized for AB322 genome sequencing, and conjugation was further performed to investigate the transferability of bla IMP-19 to amikacin-resistant A...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a digestive tract cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis, especially in China. Current chemotherapeutic drugs lead to poor prognosis, low efficacy, and high side effects due to weak targeting specificity and rapidly formed multidrug resistance (MDR). Based on the previous studies on the doxorubicin (DOX) formulation for cancer targeting therapy, we developed a novel DOX delivery formulation for the targeting chemotherapy of HCC and DOX resistant HCC. HCSP4 was previously screened and casein kinase 2α (CK2α) was predicted as its specific target on HCC cells in our lab...

Staphylococcus species are the primary cause of mastitis in dairy cows across the world. Staphylococcus aureus has recently become a pathogen that is zoonotic and multidrug resistant. This study aimed to sequence whole genomes of 38 S. aureus isolates from 55 subclinical mastitis dairy cows of 7 small-scale farmers in the Free State Province, South Africa and document and their antimicrobial and virulence genes. The 38 isolates were grouped by the in silico multi-locus sequencing types (MLST) into seven sequence types (STs), that is (ST 97, 352, 152, 243) and three new STs (ST8495, ST8500, and ST8501)...

INTRODUCTION: In recent years, antimicrobial drug resistance has emerged as a serious global public health concern, according to the World Health Organization data. The emergence of pathogens resistant to multiple drugs has been linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality from microbial infections. The study's main goal is to explore the efficacy of using Solanum xanthocarpum in the green synthesis of molybdenum nanoparticles (Mo NPs) for antibacterial and antioxidant properties...

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus is a notorious multidrug resistant pathogen prevalent in healthcare facilities worldwide. Unveiling the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation, quorum sensing and antibiotic resistance can help in developing more effective therapy for S. aureus infection. There is a scarcity of literature addressing the genetic profiles and correlations of biofilm-associated genes, quorum sensing, and antibiotic resistance among S. aureus isolates from Malaysia. METHODS: Biofilm and slime production of 68 methicillin-susceptible S...

Chemotherapy resistance poses clinical challenges in pancreatic cancer treatment. Developing cell lines resistant to chemotherapy is crucial for investigating drug resistance mechanisms and identifying alternative treatment pathways. The genetic and biological attributes of pancreatic cancer depend on its aetiology, racial demographics and anatomical origin, underscoring the need for models that comprehensively represent these characteristics. Here, we introduce PDAC-X2, a pancreatic cancer cell line derived from Chinese patients...