Kne

To evaluate residual dentin thickness (RDT) after different tooth preparations, 90 sound maxillary anterior teeth were selected and divided into 3 groups according to tooth type (n = 30), namely, maxillary central incisors, maxillary lateral incisors, and maxillary canines. In each group, specimens were randomly divided and prepared for single-crown coverage with shoulder (SHO, n = 10, control), slight chamfer (CHA, n = 10), and knife-edge (KNE, n = 10) finish lines. After tooth preparation, specimens were sectioned and divided into 4 subgroups (buccal, distal, palatal, and mesial) according to measurement area...

Kernel number per ear (KNE) is one of the most important yield-related agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays). To clarify its genetic basis, we made a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of KNE in a recombinant inbred line population derived from lines Mo17 and Huangzao4, under two nitrogen (N) regimes. Seven QTLs, on chromosomes 4, 6 and 9, were mapped under the high N regime, which explained phenotypic variation ranging from 5.03 to 15.49%. Under the low N regime, three QTLs were located on chromosomes 6 and 9, which accounted for phenotypic variation ranging from 8...

Among the enzymes that catalyze the oxidative denitrification of nitroalkanes to carbonyl compounds, 2-nitropropane dioxygenase is the only one known to effectively utilize both the neutral and anionic (nitronate) forms of the substrate. A recent study has established that the catalytic pathway is common to both types of substrates, except for the initial removal of a proton from the carbon of the neutral substrates [Francis, K., Russell, B., and Gadda, G. (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280, 5195-5204]. In the present study, the mechanistic properties of the enzyme have been investigated with solvent viscosity, pH, and kinetic isotope effects...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Clinical history and examination remain the cornerstones of diagnosis, prognosis, estimates of severity, and treatment selection in primary care for older adults presenting with knee pain. In this study we investigated the extent and cause of inter- and intraobserver variability of the clinical history using a structured, quantitative, clinical interview (KNE-SCI). METHODS: 58 patients aged 50 years and over with current knee pain were independently interviewed by two trained observers and again by one of these observers a month later...

OBJECTIVE: To develop a standardized clinical interview, incorporating the perspectives of general practitioners (GPs) and rheumatologists, for primary care clinical epidemiological studies of adults aged 50 yr and over with knee problems. METHODS: Two parallel, consensus development studies using a modified nominal group technique involving GPs (n=5) and consultant rheumatologists (n=4) from North Staffordshire with reference panels of GPs (n=28) and rheumatologists (n=11) from selected centres in Great Britain, respectively...

Due to prolonged bed rest (BR), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) might be decreased by above -8%, even if a moderate supine bicycle exercise (SBE) was performed for 45 to 60 minutes every day during BR. However, the decrement of VO2max was lowered to below -5% by isometric training and using a reverse gradient garment. Further it was rather slightly increased by SBE training with gradually increasing load from 40% to 90% VO2max. The facts suggest the dependency of the decrease of VO2max during BR on exercising muscle mass (MM) and strength...

The objective of this study was to examine the pattern of emergency department (ED) use by frequent ED users over time. This study was a retrospective study of adults with more than 10 visits to a university hospital ED from 8/90 through 7/91. ED visits of this cohort to all hospitals in the metropolitan area were followed for 3 years. Records were reviewed for the etiology of each patient's ED visits. This cohort was comprised of 76 patients making 1,119 (1.9%) of the total 59,051 ED visits. Thirty-five of the 76 (46%) were frequent ED users in only the initial year...

The renin/angiotensin system (RAS) is a tonic anti-drop regulator of arterial blood pressure in many teleosts. In trout, angiotensin II (ANG II) has no direct constrictor effect on large arteries or veins and the identity of specific cardiovascular pressor effectors is unknown. Potential targets of angiotensin activation were examined in the present experiments using perfused organs and isolated tissues from the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Perfused gill (arches 2 and 3), perfused skeletal muscle-kidney (via the dorsal aorta; PDA) and perfused splanchnic (via the celiacomesenteric; PCM) circulations vasoconstrict in response to salmonid ANG II in a dose-dependent manner...

The Ravenswood-Stanford Coalition for At-Risk Children promotes school success by intervening with K-3 students identified as drug-exposed, either prenatally or environmentally, enabling them to remain in regular classrooms rather than diverted to special education. This goal was accomplished through professional partnerships, home involvement, individual intervention plans, special school-based services, and mentorships. Results from the project indicate these children are not significantly different from their peers; home involvement promotes better school linkages and reinforces positive behavior change; appropriate short-term, school-based services can increase academic and behavioral performance; dedicated volunteers working individually with students accelerate change processes; and these special at-risk students must be assigned to caring, supportive, and predictable classrooms...

The variances of actual inbreeding and coancestry in terms of their corresponding identities by descent were studied for finite populations. For inbreeding at a single locus, the total variance sigma 2 equal F(1-F) (F is the inbreeding coefficient) is comprised of a component sigma 2w within populations and a component sigma 2b between replicate populations. These variances increase in time to a maximum at about 1.1Ne generations for sigma 2w, about 2.3Ne generations for sigma 2b, and about 1.4 NE generations for sigma 2, and decrease thereafter (Ne is effective population size)...

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Cold stress (4 degrees C) induces a pressor response and variable increases in an index of sympathetic neural function, the rate constant of norepinephrine turnover, kNE. In heart, presynaptic cholinergic muscarinic and alpha-2 adrenergic influences may contribute to regional variation in responses of kNE to cold stress. Animals were pretreated with vehicle, a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), an alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist, yohimbine (YOH) or combined QNB + YOH. An increase in kNE was determined from incorporation of radiolabeled tyrosine into norepinephrine in a control period at 24 degrees C and again at 4 degrees C...

A human alloimmune cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone (4E4) was generated against the HLA-A2 molecule. Lysis of 51Cr-labeled HLA-A2 target cells was blocked by monoclonal antibodies (mAb), including mAb PA2.1 (anti-HLA-A2), mAb BB7.2 (anti-HLA-A2), mAb 4B (anti-HLA-A2-plus-A28), mAb MA2.1 (anti-HLA-A2-plus-B17), and mAb W6/32 (anti-HLA-A,B,C), which are directed against different serologic epitopes on the HLA-A2 molecule. However, HLA-A2 mutant lines lacking the serologic epitope recognized by mAb BB7.2 (anti-HLA-A2) were efficiently lysed by CTL 4E4...

HLA-A2 antigens are divided into four subtypes, designated A2.1 to A2.4, by the use of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). The A2.4 subtype consists of a functionally heterogeneous group of variants that are not recognized by A2.1-, A2.2-, or A2.3-specific CTL lines while it is indistinguishable from A2.1 by isoelectric focusing. The structure of an A2.4 variant expressed on donor KNE has been established by comparative peptide mapping with A2.1 and radiochemical sequencing. It was found to differ from A2.1 by a single amino acid change of Cys to Tyr at position 99...

In normal heart, presynaptic cholinergic muscarinic and alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms contribute to regional variations in the rate constant of norepinephrine turnover (kNE), an index of sympathetic neural function. To evaluate these mechanisms in the hypertrophied heart, pulmonary artery-constricted and sham-operated guinea pigs were pretreated with 1) saline vehicle (control) or 2) a combination of quinuclidinyl benzilate (Q), a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, and yohimbine (Y), an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist...

In the normal heart, presynaptic cholinergic muscarinic and alpha 2-adrenergic mechanisms modify the fractional rate constant for norepinephrine (NE) synthesis (kNE), an index of sympathetic neural function. To evaluate presynaptic regulation of kNE, conscious guinea pigs subjected to normoxia and then hypoxia (n = 7-8 in each group) were pretreated with 1) vehicle; 2) a cholinergic muscarinic antagonist, methyl atropine; 3) an alpha 2-antagonist, yohimbine; or 4) a combination of the two. An increase of kNE was determined from incorporation of radiolabeled tyrosine into NE in a control period (arterial PO2 130 +/- 1...

Isolated HeLa cell nucleosomes (core particles) were labeled at the 5'-termini of their DNA with 32P using [gamma-32P]ATP and polynucleotide kne by sequential methylation, depurination, Schiff base formation, and reduction with sodium borhydride. After digestion of the noncrosslinked DNA by DNase I and venom phosphodiesterase, histones were separated by gel electrophoresis and those crosslinked to the 5'-termini were identified by 32P-autoradiography. Histones H3 and H4 occur with equeal frequency as the nearest protein neighbors to the end of the DNA in nucleosomes...

Central neutral activity may selectively influence cardiac regions. As an index of this, rate constants of norepinephrine turnover, KNE, in regions of guinea pig heart were determined by 1) disappearance of [3H]NE from tissues, and 2) conversion of [3H]tyrosine to [3H]NE. In sinoatrial (SA) node and right atrial appendage, KNE averaged 0.084 +/- 0.014 and 0.066 +/- 0.004 (SE) h-1, respectively (P greater than 0.05). In other specialized regions, KNE was lower than in SA node (P less than 0.05). In other contractile regions, KNE was lower than in right atrial appendage (P less than 0...