american heard association

PURPOSE: The current standard for clinical diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is expert clinician judgment. The psychometric properties of this standard are not well understood; however, they are important for improving clinical diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which experts agree on the clinical diagnosis of CAS using two cohorts of children with mixed speech sound disorders (SSDs). METHOD: Speech samples of children with SSDs were obtained from previous and ongoing research from video recordings of children aged 3-8 years ( n = 36) and audio recordings of children aged 8-17 years ( n = 56)...

INTRODUCTION: Although the HPV vaccine is known to prevent associated cancers, studies found a low awareness among Korean Americans (KA). This study aimed to examine the HPV and HPV vaccine awareness among KA in Alabama. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of 278 KA residing in Alabama to understand the levels of HPV and HPV vaccine awareness and associated factors. RESULTS: Those who heard of HPV were 31...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to quantify the combined effects of face masks and effortful speech styles on listener intelligibility and perceived listener effort in talkers with and without Parkinson's disease (PD). METHOD: Ten people with PD and 10 healthy, older controls read aloud sentences in two face mask and three speech style conditions. Masks included no mask and KN95 masks. Speech styles included habitual, clear, and loud. Listener participants were tasked with listening to each sentence mixed with background noise and then transcribing what they heard and rating how effortful it was to understand...

BACKGROUND: American Indian and Alaskan Native (AIAN) people experience a disproportionately high incidence of HPV-related cancers and mortality, and these rates vary across geographic regions. To address the unexplained regional differences among AIAN people, we describe regional variations and socio-demographic correlates of HPV-related knowledge and HPV vaccination awareness indicators. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was implemented with data for 866 AIAN respondents pooled from eight cycles of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)...

Disparities persists in HPV awareness and vaccination among different racial and ethnic groups. We assessed disparities in awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine among non-Hispanic Black US adults. We analyzed the nationally representative data from the Health Information National Trends Survey of US adults 18 years or older (n = 16,092) administered by the National Cancer Institute (HINTS5-Cycle 1,2,3,4) for the years 2017-2020, of which 2,011 (n = 2,011) were non-Hispanic Black adults...

IMPORTANCE: The US and Canada currently have no formal published nationwide guidelines for specialists in poison information or emergency departments for the management of acetaminophen poisoning, resulting in significant variability in management. OBJECTIVE: To develop consensus guidelines for the management of acetaminophen poisoning in the US and Canada. EVIDENCE REVIEW: Four clinical toxicology societies (America's Poison Centers, American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American College of Medical Toxicology, and Canadian Association of Poison Control Centers) selected participants (n = 21)...

This study explored the current status and influencing factors of HIV-related stigma among elderly men (≥50 years old) in rural Chengdu, China. A structured face-to-face interview survey was conducted among 286 elderly males from three towns in Chengdu using convenience sampling, 240 men (83.9%) who had heard of HIV/AIDS were included in the analysis. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the associated factors of HIV-related stigma, including demographic variables, HIV/AIDS knowledge level, receiving HIV/AIDS-related health education in the past year, depression, and anxiety, and to examine the moderating effect of educational level on HIV/AIDS knowledge and HIV-related stigma...

OBJECTIVE: Identify factors associated with PrEP awareness, willingness, and future prevention modalities among undergraduate college students. PARTICIPANTS: Undergraduates ( N  = 701) were recruited from a private university, a public research university, and a private historically Black college and university for an online survey. METHODS: Upon multiple imputations, a multivariate logistic model, a multivariate multinomial model, and independent multivariate ordinal logistic models were used to calculate Rubin's rules-pooled adjusted odds ratios for PrEP awareness, willingness, and future HIV prevention methods...

The first objective of this study was to establish clinically relevant techniques for cardiac echocardiography in nonanesthetized Galapagos ( Chelonoidis nigra complex) and Aldabra ( Aldabrachelys gigantea ) tortoises. A second objective was to establish guidelines for determining normal echocardiographic anatomy and function in both species. Select echocardiographic reference values were defined for 17 healthy Galapagos tortoises and 27 healthy Aldabra tortoises. Tortoises were either placed in ventral recumbency on an elevated surface or allowed to stand in a natural position by using food distraction...

INTRODUCTION: Over the last 3 years, there has been a proliferation of legislation aimed at restricting the rights of transgender Americans, including their access to gender-affirming health care. While the health implications of not having access to gender-affirming care are well documented, there may be additional indirect harms associated with proposing this type of legislation, such as those associated with being exposed to negative messages about transgender people or having to contend with friends and family who support the legislation...

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study are to understand the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in urban Tianjin, China and its related factors through a questionnaire and to assess the correlation between individual characteristics, physical mobility, psychological and emotional well-being, and prevalence, as well as people's awareness of osteoporosis. METHODS: We selected 240 postmenopausal women from 12 randomly selected streets in 6 administrative districts of Tianjin for bone mineral density measurement and a face-to-face questionnaire survey to obtain the relevant data...

Pap tests are still underutilized by minority women due to limited awareness of cervical cancer screening (CCS), inadequate health care access, and cultural or religious beliefs. Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling, a new CCS tool, has demonstrated potential to overcome some of these barriers. In 2021, women aged 30-65 years old were recruited across Minnesota to complete an online survey. The survey assessed five outcome measures related to HPV self-sampling: (1) awareness of test; (2) self-efficacy to conduct test; (3) location preference of test (clinic vs...

BACKGROUND: Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most common cause liver injury following alcohol in US patients. Predicting liver injury and subsequent hepatic regeneration in patients taking therapeutic doses of APAP may be possible using new 'omic methods such as metabolomics and genomics. Multi'omic techniques increase our ability to find new mechanisms of injury and regeneration. METHODS: We used metabolomic and genomic data from a randomized controlled trial of patients administered 4 g of APAP per day for 14 days or longer with blood samples obtained at 0 (baseline), 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 days...

Intensive care for massively burn patients has increased survival and highlights the need for a solution to the problem of insufficient donor sites for autologous skin coverage. In this case series we present ten patients with average burn size of 81% TBSA and mean age of 24 years old, who underwent burn excision followed by either immediate or delayed biodegradable temporizing matrix (BTM) placement. After an integration period, the BTM was delaminated either the day before or immediately prior to placement of cultured epithelial autografts (CEA) over a widely meshed (4:1 or 6:1) split thickness skin graft (STSG)...

In June 2021, Missouri passed the "Second Amendment Preservation Act" (SAPA). Though SAPA passed easily and had gubernatorial support, many Missouri law enforcement agencies, including the Missouri Sheriff's Association, oppose it. Missing from this policy conversation, and deserving of analysis, is the voice of Missouri citizens. Using qualitative interview data and survey data, we explored what if anything Missouri gun owners knew about SAPA and what they perceived its effects would be on gun-related murders, suicides, gun thefts, and mass shootings...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: High serum nicotine levels increase the risk of nonunion after spinal fusion. Varenicline, a pharmaceutical adjunct for smoking cessation, is a partial agonist designed to displace and outcompete nicotine at its receptor binding site, thereby limiting downstream activation. Given its mechanism, varenicline may have therapeutic benefits in mitigating nonunion for active smokers undergoing spinal fusion. PURPOSE: To compare fusion rate and fusion mass characteristics between cohorts receiving nicotine, varenicline, or concurrent nicotine and varenicline after lumbar fusion...

INTRODUCTION: Sympathetic Crashing Acute Pulmonary Edema (SCAPE) lies on the end of the acute heart failure syndrome spectrum with pulmonary edema in all lung zones. NTG at lower doses (10-20 μg/min) cause preload reduction, and at higher doses (> 100 μg/min) causes after-load reduction by arterial dilatation. The main aim is to decrease the afterload at the earliest to cut the vicious cycle caused by sudden sympathetic upsurge. To our knowledge, this is the highest nitroglycerin dose usage in the literature...

PURPOSE: The Modern Cookie Theft picture has recently become available. This study's purpose was to compare (a) speech and language production by neurologically healthy adults (NHAs) given a generic instruction to describe the picture versus instruction to describe it as if talking with someone who was blind and (b) production during the first 90 s versus full samples. METHOD: One hundred NHAs minus five outliers formed two participant groups. Each group heard either the original or modified task instruction...

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between frailty and poverty in burn patients >50 years-old, and their association with patient outcomes. This was a single-center retrospective chart review from 2009-2018 of patients >50 years old admitted with acute burn injuries. Frailty was assigned using the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale. Poverty was defined as a patient from a zip code that had >20% of people living in poverty. The relationship between frailty and poverty, as well as each variable independently on mortality, length of stay (LOS), and disposition location was examined...

PURPOSE: People with dysarthria have been rated as less confident and less likable and are often assumed by listeners to have reduced cognitive abilities relative to neurotypical speakers. This study explores whether educational information about dysarthria can shift these attitudes in a group of speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria secondary to Parkinson's disease. METHOD: One hundred seventeen listeners were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk to transcribe sentences and rate the confidence, intelligence, and likability of eight speakers with mild hypokinetic dysarthria...