fadini

Chromophore cis/trans photoisomerization is a fundamental process in chemistry and in the activation of many photosensitive proteins. A major task is understanding the effect of the protein environment on the efficiency and direction of this reaction compared to what is observed in the gas and solution phases. In this study, we set out to visualize the hula twist (HT) mechanism in a fluorescent protein, which is hypothesized to be the preferred mechanism in a spatially constrained binding pocket. We use a chlorine substituent to break the twofold symmetry of the embedded phenolic group of the chromophore and unambiguously identify the HT primary photoproduct...

AIM: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are particularly effective in preventing adverse outcomes of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, which are highly prevalent in the elderly. Here, we aimed to access the safety of SGLT2i in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting safety outcomes of the elderly (≥65 years) patients with type 2 diabetes, randomized to an SGLT2i or placebo...

The present study reports the development of a bioassay using Artemia spp. to analyse the preliminary ecotoxicity of atmospheric aerosols (PM), which can affect the environment and human health. Herein, PM samples were collected in the city of Goiânia (Brazil) in 2016, extracted with ultrapure water and subsequently filtered through membranes with different pore sizes (100, 0.8, and 0.22 μm), and the extracts employed in the bioassays. The mortality rates (endpoint analysed) declined to membranes with smaller pore sizes (15 ± 4%, 47 ± 10% and 43 ± 9% for pore sizes of 100 μm, 0...

Plant-induced resistance can be an important component of soybean mites biological control programs. This work evaluates the preference of predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to soybean plants under single and multiple herbivory conditions by two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae), and velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Using a Y olfactometer, the following scenarios were evaluated: soybean with no infestation and soybean infested with A...

OBJECTIVE: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diabetogenesis in experimental models, yet their role in humans is unclear. We investigated whether circulating lncRNAs associate with incident type 2 diabetes in older adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A preselected panel of lncRNAs was measured in serum of individuals without diabetes (n = 296) from the Vienna Transdanube Aging study, a prospective community-based cohort study. Participants were followed up over 7...

PURPOSE: In mice, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) reach the systemic circulation and establish ectopic adipose depots fostering insulin resistance, but whether this occurs in humans is unknown. We examined circulating ASCs in individuals with various combination of metabolic syndrome traits. METHODS: We enrolled patients attending a routine metabolic evaluation or scheduled for bariatric surgery. We quantified ASCs as CD34+ CD45- CD31- (CD36+ ) cells in the stromal vascular fraction of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue samples and examined the presence and frequency of putative ASCs in peripheral blood...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

In this study, positive matrix factorization method was used for source apportionment of PM10 in the city of São Carlos from 2015 to 2018. The annual mean concentrations of PM10 , 15 PAHs, 4 oxy-PAHs, 6 nitro-PAHs, 21 saccharides, and 17 ions in these samples were in the ranges 18.1 ± 6.99 to 25.0 ± 11.3 μg m-3 for PM10 , 9.80 × 10-1 ± 2.06 to 2.03 ± 8.54 × 10-1  ng m-3 for ΣPAHs, 83...

Abstract Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Rotational Central Composite Design (RCCD), this study evaluated the removal of DCF under denitrifying conditions, with ethanol as cosubstrate, in batch reactors, being 1 L Erlenmeyer flasks (330 mL of reactional volume) containing Dofing medium and kept under agitation at 130 rpm and incubated at mesophilic temperature (30 °C). It considered the individual and multiple effects of the variables: nitrate (130 - 230 mg NO3 - L-1 ), DCF (60 - 100 µg DCF L-1 ) and ethanol (130 - 230 mg EtOH L-1 )...

PURPOSE: Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic disease caused by ALMS1 mutations, characterized by short stature, vision and hearing loss. AS patients develop the metabolic syndrome, long-term organ complications, and die prematurely. We explored the association between AS and shortage of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), which is linked with metabolic diseases and predict diabetic complications. METHODS: We included patients with AS at a national referral Center...

Innate immune cells infiltrate growing adipose and propagate inflammatory clues to metabolically distant tissues, thereby promoting glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Cytokines of the IL-6 family and gp130 ligands are among such signals. The role played by Oncostatin M (OSM) in the metabolic consequences of overfeeding is debated at least in part because prior studies did not distinguish OSM sources and dynamics. Here, we explored the role of OSM in metabolic responses and used bone marrow transplantation to test the hypothesis that hematopoietic cells are major contributors to the metabolic effects of OSM...

AIM: To compare effectiveness of dapagliflozin versus DPP-4 inhibitors on individualized HbA1c targets and extra-glycaemic endpoints among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: This was a multicentre retrospective study on patients aged 70-80 years with HbA1c above individualized target and starting dapagliflozin or DPP-4 inhibitors in 2015-2017. The primary outcome was the proportion reaching individualized HbA1c targets. Confounding by indication was addressed by inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), multivariable adjustment (MVA), or propensity score matching (PSM)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The mannose receptor C-type 1 (Mrc1) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed on the immune cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells (ECs) of several tissues, including the bone marrow (BM). Parallel to systemic metabolic alterations and hematopoietic cell proliferation, high-fat diet (HFD) feeding increases the expression of Mrc1 in sinusoidal ECs, thus calling for the investigation of its role in bone marrow cell reprogramming and the metabolic profile during obesity. Mrc1 -/- mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed an HFD (45% Kcal/diet) for 20 weeks...

The biology of cancer stem cells (CSCs) of pediatric cancers, such as hepatoblastoma, is sparsely explored. This is mainly due to the very immature nature of these tumors, which complicates the distinction of CSCs from the other tumor cells. Previously, we identified a CSC population in hepatoblastoma cell lines expressing the CSC markers CD34 and CD90, cell surface Vimentin (csVimentin) and binding of OV-6. In this study, we detected the co-expression of the immune escape factor PD-L1 in the CSC population, whereas the other tumor cells remained negative...

BACKGROUND: Results of cardiovascular outcome trials enabled a shift from "treat-to-target" to "treat-to-benefit" paradigm in the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, studies validating such approach are limited. Here, we examined whether treatment according to international recommendations for the pharmacological management of T2D had an impact on long-term outcomes. METHODS: This was an observational study conducted on outpatient data collected in 2008-2018 (i...

The results from many cardiovascular (CV) outcome trials suggest that glucose lowering medications (GLMs) are effective for the CV clinical risk management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of two GLMs (SGLT2i and GLP-1RA) for the CV clinical risk management of T2D patients in a real-world setting, by simultaneously reducing glycated hemoglobin, body weight, and systolic blood pressure. Data from the real-world Italian multicenter retrospective study Dapagliflozin Real World evideNce in Type 2 Diabetes (DARWINT 2D) are analyzed...

PURPOSE: To extend a prior real-world analysis (DARWIN-T2D) of patients with type 2 diabetes initiating dapagliflozin in Italy, Greece, and Spain by evaluating changes in glycemic and extra-glycemic endpoints after initiation of dapagliflozin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The association among demographic/clinical characteristics and the change in glycemic and extraglycemic effectiveness endpoints during the observation period was assayed using a mixed effects model. RESULTS: A total of 1438 (860 males; 59...

Orange Carotenoid protein (OCP) is the only known photoreceptor which uses carotenoid for its activation. It is found exclusively in cyanobacteria, where it functions to control light-harvesting of the photosynthetic machinery. However, the photochemical reactions and structural dynamics of this unique photosensing process are not yet resolved. We present time-resolved crystal structures at second-to-minute delays under bright illumination, capturing the early photoproduct and structures of the subsequent reaction intermediates...

Purpose: Diabetes is a risk factor for COVID-19 severity, but the role played by glucose lowering medications (GLM) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess infection rates and outcomes of COVID-19 (hospitalization and mortality) in adults with diabetes assisted by the Local Health Unit of Padua (North-East Italy) according to the ongoing GLM. Patients and Methods: People with diabetes were identified using administrative claims, while those with SARS-CoV-2 infection were detected by cross referencing with the local COVID-19 surveillance registry...