vena cava syndrome

Page kidney is a condition where external compression of the renal artery and renal parenchyma leads to subsequent ischaemia and activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis. A 42-year-old female with hirsutism, hypertension and diabetes was diagnosed with a right adrenal mass and underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Her hypertension worsened postoperatively and was managed medically. Subsequently she developed a right flank pain on the fifth postoperative day and died suddenly the next day. Autopsy revealed a pale body with cushingoid appearance...

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome occurs due to obstructed blood flow through the SVC. It can present clinically on a spectrum, between asymptomatic and life-threatening emergency. Patients commonly report a feeling of fullness in the head, facial, neck and upper extremity edema, and dyspnea. On imaging, patients commonly have superior mediastinal widening and pleural effusion. The majority of cases are due to malignant causes, with non-small cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and lymphoma the most commonly associated malignancies...

Heterotaxy syndrome (HS) occurs in developing embryos due to an inability to establish the normal anatomy, which manifests as abnormal symmetry and malposition of the thoracoabdominal viscera and vasculature, including cardiac and extracardiac anomalies. It is classified as right or left atrial isomerism. This classification depends on the atrial appendage morphology and the extracardiac defect associated with it. Right isomerism usually presents with right atrial appendages (RAA), asplenia, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, and severe pulmonary stenosis...

PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of large-bore uncovered stents for treating malignant superior vena cava syndrome. METHODS: This retrospective study included 115 patients (89 men, 26 women; mean age 63.2 years; range 21-83 years) who underwent endovascular large-bore (≥18 mm in diameter) uncovered stent placement between August 2015 and July 2022. One patient was lost to follow-up. Therefore, 114 patients were available for follow-up...

BACKGROUND: About 5% of Wilms tumors present with vascular extension, which sometimes extends to the right atrium. Vascular extension does not affect the prognosis, but impacts the surgical strategy, which is complex and not fully standardized. Our goal is to identify elements of successful surgical management of Wilms tumors with vascular extensions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of pediatric Wilms tumors treated at three sites (January 1999-June 2019) was conducted...

BACKGROUND: There is scant literature on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). AIM: To assess the magnitude, clinical characteristics, feasibility, and outcomes of treatment in BCS-HCC. METHODS: A total of 904 BCS patients from New Delhi, India and 1140 from Mumbai, India were included. The prevalence and incidence of HCC were determined, and among patients with BCS-HCC, the viability and outcomes of interventional therapy were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are an essential infusion route for oncology patients receiving intravenous treatments, but lower extremity venipuncture is the preferred technique for patients with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). We report the case of a patient with a lower extremity PICC ectopic to the ascending lumbar vein, to indicate and verify PICC catheterisation in the lower extremity is safe and feasible. And hope to provide different perspectives for clinical PICC venipuncture to get the attention of peers...

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Inferior vena cava (IVC) anomalies are uncommon congenital causes of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). KILT syndrome (kidney and IVC abnormalities with leg thrombosis) has only been described as case reports in the literature. Therefore, the characteristics, evaluation, and management of patients with KILT syndrome have not yet been standardized. This study aimed to systematically review and analyze the clinical and radiographic data and treatment of previously reported cases of KILT syndrome. In this systematic review, we performed a literature search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in December 2023, with no restrictions on the publication date...

Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare constellation of conditions due to obstruction of venous flow from anatomical levels ranging from the hepatic veins to the confluence of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and right atrium. The resulting retrograde flow of blood leads to hepatomegaly, ascites, and liver failure among other features. Our case highlights the clinical features, diagnostic challenges, and management of a patient with a tumor thrombus from a metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma in a 67-year-old male leading to BCS...

We report on a 20-year-old pregnant woman who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and was diagnosed with KILT syndrome, a rare condition that increases the risk of thrombotic events. The patient showed signs of deep vein thrombosis that extended from the bilateral iliac vein to the inferior vena cava (IVC), which was treated with placement of an IVC filter and endovascular thromboaspiration/thrombolysis. The IVC was successfully recanalized; however, during follow-up, thrombotic restenosis occurred at the filter level, requiring filter removal...

INTRODUCTION: Primary vascular leiomyosarcomas are incredibly rare and have poor prognoses. The purpose of this study was to analyze surgical outcomes of patients with primary inferior vena cava (IVC) leiomyosarcoma. METHODS: Retrospective review of IVC leiomyosarcoma resections performed at a single tertiary care hospital from 2014 to 2023. A total of 13 cases were analyzed, which included 10 females and 3 males. Presenting symptoms, tumor characteristics, operative management, post-operative complications, and survival rates were assessed for each patient...

• Unroofed CS is a rare cause of atrial-level shunting and right heart dilatation. • Unroofed CS is commonly diagnosed in adulthood. • TTE is the primary modality to recognize and diagnose unroofed CS. • CCT and/or magnetic resonance imaging should be done as complementary studies before CS repair.

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a collection of signs and symptoms resulting from superior vena cava obstruction which is either partial or complete. SVCS is a rare clinical entity, often associated with various malignancies. T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) primarily of the mediastinum (thymus) is a rare and aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can lead to SVCS. We discuss the case of a 19-year-old male who arrived at our emergency department with symptoms of cough, breathlessness, and facial puffiness along with swelling in the right anterior mediastinum for two weeks suggestive of acute SVCS...

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BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic complications of endovascular treatment for central venous stenosis have not yet been reported. Here we present a case of a patient on maintenance hemodialysis who developed catheter-related superior vena cava syndrome and subsequently suffered from hemorrhagic pericardial tamponade after undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. CASE PRESENTATION: A 72-year-old male patient presented with uremia, and had been receiving maintenance hemodialysis for the past five years...

Background: Pulmonary artery embolus is a rare complication following gunshot wounds that creates a unique and serious challenge for trauma surgeons. While the majority of bullets that embolize through the vascular system end in the peripheral circulation, approximately one-third enter the central venous circulation. Case Report: We present the case of a bullet embolus to the left pulmonary artery following gunshot wounds to the right chest and the abdomen, with the abdominal ballistic traversing the liver before entering the vena cava and embolizing...

Most of the small-cell lung cancer patients are of the central type of lung cancer. Small-cell lung cancer often intrudes into the atmospheric tract and large blood vessels, thus causing severe tracheobronchial stenosis and superior vena cava syndrome. In addition, patients with malignant tumors, especially those with respiratory failure and severe hypoxia, can be complicated with thromboembolic diseases. We reported a 65-year-old woman with severe stenosis of the trachea, and right main bronchus complicated with acute respiratory failure was treated with bronchoscopy and stent implantation to improve the patient's dyspnea, thus successfully receiving chemotherapy and timely treatment...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Facial edema is a relatively frequent clinical presentation encountered in patients seen in allergology and dermatology clinics. The differential diagnosis is broad, and sometimes the definitive diagnosis can be a challenge for the clinician. Facial angioedema itself encompasses different etiopathologies (histaminergic, bradykinergic, etc.) that must be distinguished from other causes of facial edema, such as allergic contact dermatitis, granulomatous conditions, inflammatory causes, infections, neoplasms or paraneoplastic syndromes, autoimmune diseases, among other entities hereby referred as miscellanea...