radiation therapy emergency

Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (cSCC) is a common and potentially fatal type of skin cancer that poses a significant threat to public health and has a high prevalence rate. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation on the skin surface increases the risk of cSCC, especially in those with genetic syndromes like xerodermapigmentosum and epidermolysis bullosa. Therefore, understanding the molecular pathogenesis of cSCC is critical for developing personalized treatment approaches that are effective in cSCC. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge of cSCC pathogenesis, emphasizing dysregulated signaling pathways and the significance of molecular profiling...

Introduction: Radiotherapy-induced xerostomia is an important side effect of head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is one of the new emerging methods for preventing or reducing this problem. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of PBM on radiation-induced xerostomia in HNC patients. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with HNC who were referred for radiotherapy to Mashhad cancer center. In the case group, an infrared diode laser was used in contact mode on 16 points (covering minor and major salivary glands)...

Cancer remains a global health crisis, claiming countless lives throughout the years. Traditional cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation often bring about severe side effects, underscoring the pressing need for innovative, more efficient, and less toxic therapies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising technology capable of producing environmentally friendly anticancer nanoparticles. Among various nanoparticle types, metal-based nanoparticles stand out due to their exceptional performance and ease of use in methods of imaging...

RBC transfusions are a vital clinical therapy to treat anemic patients. The in vivo assessment of red blood cell (RBC) quality post-transfusion is critical to ensuring that the introduction of new RBC products meet established regulatory and clinical quality requirements. Although in vitro quality control testing is routinely performed by blood manufacturers, it is crucial that in vivo tests are performed during the evaluation and regulatory process of new RBC products. This article reviews existing in vivo techniques, like chromium-51 labelling and biotinylation, for determining the circulation and survival of RBCs, and advocates for a move to radiation-free methods...

Glioblastoma, a highly lethal form of brain cancer, is characterized by its aggressive growth and resistance to conventional treatments, often resulting in limited survival. The response to therapy is notably influenced by various patient-specific genetic factors, underscoring the disease's complexity. Despite the utilization of diverse treatment modalities such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, many patients experience local relapse, emphasizing the critical need for improved therapeutic strategies to effectively target these formidable tumors...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an update on the current state of percutaneous thermal ablation in the treatment of sarcoma. RECENT FINDINGS: Data continue to accrue in support of ablation for local control and palliation of specific sarcoma subtypes such as extra-abdominal desmoid fibromatosis and for broader indications such as the treatment of oligometastatic disease. The synergistic possibilities of various combination therapies such as cryoablation and immunotherapy represent intriguing areas of active investigation...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Plasma cell myeloma is a rare entity in the pediatric population. The peak incidence is in the seventh decade, with less than 2% of cases occurring in patients under the age of 40. It is worth noting that any destructive bony lesion in a child should be investigated. ABSTRACT: Plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma) is the most common form of plasma cell neoplasm. It is a rare entity in young patients. The peak incidence is in the seventh decade, with less than 2% of cases occurring in patients under the age of 40...

Researchers in various fields continue to discover improved ways of local delivery of drugs to specific locations and try to increase the efficiency of these methods. Extensive research has been done on smart nano-biomaterials for drug delivery systems (DDS) in different dimensions. With the advancement of biomedical nanotechnology, conventional smart DDS with stimuli- responsive capability has been developed. Smart nano-biomaterials can respond to environmental changes caused by endogenous or exogenous elements: endogenous factors such as environmental pH, temperature gradient, enzymes, oxidation, and reduction potential...

Mesenchymal glioma stem cells (MES GSCs) are a subpopulation of cells in glioblastoma (GBM) that contribute to a worse prognosis owing to their highly aggressive nature and resistance to radiation therapy. Here, OCT4 is characterized as a criticial factor in sustaining the stemness phenotype of MES GSC. We find that OCT4 is expressed intensively in MES GSC and is intimately associated with poor prognosis, moreover, OCT4 depletion leads to diminished invasive capacity and impairment of the stem phenotype in MES GSC...

OBJECTIVE: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is an aggressive disease. Yet, many patients, especially those with advanced age and multiple comorbidities, do not receive treatment with curative intent. We evaluated the disease course and health care burden of these patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bi-center, retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with muscle-invasive bladder cancer who did not undergo curative-intent treatment (radical cystectomy or trimodal therapy) between 2016 and 2021...

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer is an umbrella term for tumor manifestations across the head and neck regions, including the oral cavity, pharynx (including the naso, oro, and hypopharynx), larynx, and sinuses. Treatment options for head and neck cancer include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, with specific treatment plans depending upon individual tumor location and staging, together with overall patient health status. Furthermore, definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has emerged as a highly effective therapeutic option for locoregional advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer...

Developing prognostic tools specifically for patients themselves represents an important step in empowering patients to engage in shared decision-making. Incorporating patient-reported outcomes may improve the accuracy of these prognostic tools. We conducted a retrospective population-based study of transplant-ineligible (TIE) patients with multiple myeloma (MM) diagnosed between January 2007 and December 2018. A multivariable Cox regression model was developed to predict the risk of death within 1-year period from the index date...

Enhanced DNA repair is an important mechanism of inherent and acquired resistance to DNA targeted therapies, including poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition. Spleen associated tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase acknowledged for its regulatory roles in immune cell function, cell adhesion, and vascular development. This study presents evidence indicating that Syk expression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancers promotes DNA double-strand break resection, homologous recombination (HR), and subsequent therapeutic resistance...

Clinical evidence is crucial in enabling the judicious adoption of technological innovations in radiation therapy (RT). Pharmaceutical evidence development frameworks are not useful for understanding how technical advances are maturing. In this paper, we introduce a new framework, the Radiation Therapy Technology Evidence Matrix (rtTEM), that helps visualize how the clinical evidence supporting new technologies is developing. The matrix is a unique 2D model based on the R-IDEAL clinical evaluation framework...

BACKGROUND: Primary extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type B-cell lymphoma (EMZMBCL), which presents as a dural mass, is a rare intracranial tumor that mimics a subdural hematoma or meningioma. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 49-year-old woman presented to our hospital with transient right upper limb paresis, dysarthria for 10 min, and ongoing right upper-limb numbness. Computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed extra-axial lesions in the left frontal and parietal lobes...

Cancer treatment is presently a significant challenge in the medical domain, wherein the primary modalities of intervention include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery. However, these therapeutic modalities carry side effects. Photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have emerged as promising modalities for the treatment of tumors in recent years. Phototherapy is a therapeutic approach that involves the exposure of materials to specific wavelengths of light, which can subsequently be converted into either heat or Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) to effectively eradicate cancer cells...

Radiodynamic therapy (RDT) has emerged as a promising modality for cancer treatment, offering notable advantages such as deep tissue penetration and radiocatalytic generation of oxygen free radicals. However, the oxygen-dependent nature of RDT imposes limitations on its efficacy in hypoxic conditions, particularly in modulating and eliminating radioresistant immune suppression cells. A novel approach involving the creation of a "super" tetrahedron polyoxometalate (POM) cluster, Fe12 -POM, has been developed for radiation boosted chemodynamic catalysis to enable oxygen-independent RDT in hypoxic conditions...

Combined mild-temperature photothermal/chemotherapy has emerged as a highly promising modality for tumor therapy. However, its therapeutic efficacy is drastically compromised by the heat-induced overexpression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by the cells, which resist heat stress and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to downregulate HSPs and enhance the mild-temperature photothermal/chemotherapy effect. In detail, the colon cancer cell membrane (CT26M)-camouflaged HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib and the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX)-coloaded hollow mesoporous Prussian blue (HMPB) nanoplatform (named PGDM) were designed for synergistic mild photothermal/chemotherapy via HSP inhibition...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Primary angiosarcoma of the spleen (PAS), an exceptionally rare and aggressive neoplasm with high metastatic risk (70%-85%), is frequently diagnosed in an advanced or metastatic stage. It presents diagnostic challenges due to its nonspecific symptomatology and resemblance to benign vascular lesions in various imaging modalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This case series aims to clarify the diagnostic difficulties by comparing imaging characteristics (CT-scan, MRI, and [18F]FDG-PET/CT) as well as pathological findings of three PAS cases diagnosed in different stages of the diseases (localized, metastatic, and metastatic with organ failure)...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The REgistry of Selective Internal radiation therapy in AsiaNs (RESIN) was a multicenter, single-arm, prospective, observational study of 90 Y resin microspheres in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) from Taiwan. RESIN is the first real-life clinical study of this therapy in an Asian cohort. Study objectives were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 90 Y resin microspheres. METHODS: Adults with HCC or mCRC scheduled to receive SIRT with 90 Y resin microspheres were included...