atria predice

Background: Obesity is a risk factor that negatively impacts outcomes in patients undergoing heart surgery by mechanisms that are not well-defined nor predicated on BMI alone. This knowledge gap has fuelled a search for biomarkers associated with cardiovascular diseases that could provide clinical insight to surgeons. One such biomarker is growth differentiation factor15(GDF15), associated with inflammation, metabolism, and heart failure outcomes but not yet examined in the context of obesity and cardiac surgery outcomes...

OBJECTIVES: We describe the structure of, and suggest an etiology for, the interatrial communication which can occur through the mouth of the coronary sinus. Based on the study of human embryos, we propose that the defect is best explained by dissolution of the wall of the coronary sinus adjacent to the left atrium, permitting shunting between the atriums through the right atrial orifice of the sinus. BACKGROUND: An interatrial communication across the mouth of the coronary sinus defect was first described in 1965 by Raghib and colleagues, its existence being predicated on the basis of incomplete formation of the left "atriovenous fold"...