mineral lead toxicology

Toxicogenomics databases are useful for understanding biological responses in individuals because they include a diverse spectrum of biological responses. Although these databases contain no information regarding immune cells in the liver, which are important in the progression of liver injury, deconvolution that estimates cell-type proportions from bulk transcriptome could extend immune information. However, deconvolution has been mainly applied to humans and mice and less often to rats, which are the main target of toxicogenomics databases...

BACKGROUND: Quantifying the dose and distribution of tobacco smoke in the respiratory system is critical for understanding its toxicity, addiction potential, and health impacts. Epidemiologic studies indicate that the incidence of lung tumors varies across different lung regions, suggesting there may be a heterogeneous deposition of smoke particles leading to greater health risks in specific regions. Despite this, few studies have examined the lobar spatial distribution of inhaled particles from tobacco smoke...

Heteroatom doping to reconfigure the electronic structure of heterogeneous catalysts is expected to lead to the development of advanced oxidation water purification materials with superior performance and greater stability. Herein, a series of catalysts with different elemental doping was developed by a simple and environmentally friendly one-step self-propagating combustion method to remove Tetracycline (TC). After S-doping, the normalized kinetic constant of TC was significantly increased from 30.49 to 159...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that individuals with preexisting conditions, including diabetes mellitus (DM), are more susceptible to air pollution. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we proposed that a high glucose setting enhances ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5 )-induced macrophage activation and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altering the balance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs)...

Heavy metal toxicity is a major public health crisis worldwide, especially in mining environments. The association between chronic heavy metals exposure and cognitive impairment has not been studied broadly in adults and mining fields. This study aimed to compare the association between arsenic (As), lead (Pb), and copper (Cu) concentration in blood and cognitive status and depression in copper miners and non-miners. Participants were selected from the Rafsanjan cohort study (RCS) as non-miners and miners from Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex...

Alendronate, a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, has reported long-term clinical success in the management of distinct bone-related conditions, particularly in the modulation of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Nonetheless, whether the inhibitory activity over osteoclastic cells' functionality is widely acknowledged, contradictory evidence arises from the assessment of alendronate activity over osteoblastic populations. This may be of particular relevance in situations in which bone formation exceeds bone resorption, with further emphasis on embryonic development, since alendronate can cross the placental barrier and alendronate-based therapies are being extended into women of reproductive age...

BACKGROUND: Plastic pollution is greatly serious in the ocean and soil. Microplastics (MPs) degraded from plastic has threatened animals and humans health. The accumulation of MPs in the tissues and blood in animals and humans has been found. There is therefore a need to assess the toxicological effects of MPs on the reproductive system. RESULTS: In this study, we explored the effect of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on premature testicular aging in vitro and in vivo...

BACKGROUND: With the large-scale production and application of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs), its adverse health effects are more worthy of our attention. Our previous research has demonstrated for the first time that aSiNPs induced cytokinesis failure, which resulted in abnormally high incidences of multinucleation in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was firstly to explore whether aSiNPs induced multinucleation in vivo, and secondly to investigate the underlying mechanism of how aSiNPs caused abnormal cytokinesis and multinucleation...

Soil ingestion by livestock is common in grazing ecosystems, but few studies have been conducted to assess its effect on the animal organism. The topic is worthy of attention because these potential effects are likely to be enriched in the food chain and interfere with animal and human health. In this study, we present an indoor feeding trial conducted based on a completely randomized design to comprehensively evaluate the effects of simulated soil ingestion during grazing on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microflora, and mineral deposition in the organs and tissues of sheep...

Chronic exposure to silica can lead to silicosis, one of the most serious occupational lung diseases worldwide, for which there is a lack of effective therapeutic drugs and tools. Epithelial mesenchymal transition plays an important role in several diseases; however, data on the specific mechanisms in silicosis models are scarce. We elucidated the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis via single-cell transcriptome sequencing and constructed an experimental silicosis mouse model to explore the specific molecular mechanisms affecting epithelial mesenchymal transition at the single-cell level...

This study investigated the distribution features of uranium-238 (238 U), radium-226 (226 Ra), thorium-232 (232 Th), and potassium-40 (40 K) and evaluated the associated environmental radiological hazards of the topsoil and river sediments in the Jinding lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mine catchment from Southwest China. The activity concentrations of 238 U, 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K ranged from 24.0 ± 2.29-60.3 ± 5.26 Bq.kg-1 , from 32.5 ± 3.95-69.8 ± 3.39 Bq...

In spite of recent advances made in understanding its progression, cancer is still a leading cause of death across the nations. Molecular pathophysiology of these cancer cells largely differs depending on cancer types and even within the same tumor. Pathological mineralization/calcification is seen in various tissues including breast, prostate, and lung cancer. Osteoblast-like cells derived after trans-differentiation of mesenchymal cells usually drive calcium deposition in various tissues. This study aims to explore the presence of osteoblast-like potential in lung cancer cells and its prevention...

Using alternative feed ingredients in pig diets can lead to deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination. DON has been shown to induce anorexia, inflammation, and-more recently-alterations in the vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus metabolisms. Adding vitamin D supplementation in the form of vitamin D3 and 25-OH-D3 to the feed could modify the effects of DON in piglets. In this study, vitamin D3 or 25-OH-D3 supplementation was used in a control or DON-contaminated treatment. A repetitive exposure over 21 days to DON in the piglets led to disruptions in the vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus metabolisms, resulting in a decreased growth performance, increased bone mineralization, and the downregulation of genes related to calcium and to phosphorus intestinal and renal absorption...

The oxidation state of an element significantly controls its toxicological impacts on biological ecosystems. Therefore, design of robust sensing strategies for multiplex detection of species with respect to their oxidation states or bonding conditions, i.e., chemical speciation, is quite consequential. Chromium (Cr) species are known as the most abundant inorganic groundwater pollutants and can be quite harmful to human health depending on their oxidation states. In the present study, a multicolorimetric probe based on silver-deposition-induced color variations of gold nanorods (AuNRs) was designed for identification and quantification of Cr species including Cr (III) and Cr (VI) (i...

High blood levels of lead have been shown to relate to its toxicity, and its early detection in occupational workers is important to take necessary measures. The genes associated with lead toxicity were identified by in silico analysis of expression profile (GEO-GSE37567) based on lead exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells maintained in culture. The GEO2R tool was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among three groups: control versus day-1 treatment, control versus day-2 treatment, and control versus day-1 treatment versus day-2 treatment, and their enrichment analysis was performed to categorize them for molecular function, biological process, cellular component, and KEGG pathways...

BACKGROUND: Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles (NPs) have been intensively investigated for medical applications, but an in-depth toxicological investigation of PB NPs has not been implemented. In the present study, a comprehensive investigation of the fate and risks of PB NPs after intravenous administration was carried out by using a mouse model and an integrated methodology of pharmacokinetics, toxicology, proteomics, and metabolomics. RESULTS: General toxicological studies demonstrated that intravenous administration of PB NPs at 5 or 10 mg/kg could not induce obvious toxicity in mice, while mice treated with a relatively high dose of PB NPs at 20 mg/kg exhibited loss of appetite and weight decrease in the first two days postinjection...

BACKGROUND: Synthetic amorphous silica nanoparticles (SAS-NPs) are widely employed in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food and concretes. Workers and the general population are exposed daily via diverse routes of exposure. SAS-NPs are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration, but because of their nanoscale size and extensive uses, a better assessment of their immunotoxicity is required. In the presence of immune "danger signals", dendritic cells (DCs) undergo a maturation process resulting in their migration to regional lymph nodes where they activate naive T-cells...

BACKGROUND: Interactions between air pollution and infectious agents are increasingly recognized and critical to identify, especially to protect vulnerable populations. Pregnancy represents a vulnerable period for influenza infection and air pollution exposure, yet interactions during pregnancy remain unclear. Maternal exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs, [Formula: see text] 100 nm diameter), a class of particulate matter ubiquitous in urban environments, elicits unique pulmonary immune responses...

In this research, an attempt was made to produce safe food from lead-contaminated soil. It was assumed that an increased amount of calcium (Ca) in plants would prevent them from lead (Pb) uptake. A new-generation agricultural product - an activator of Ca transport in plants "InCa" (from Plant Impact) - was used. The study was conducted on several crop species, Cucumis sativus L., Linum usitatissimum L., Medicago sativa L. and Solanum lycopersicum L., cultivated in mineral medium. The leaves were sprayed with InCa activator while the roots received Pb from the substrate in the form of Pb(NO3 )2 dissolved in the medium...

Coffee is the most popular beverage after water in the world, which has an important role in health as a result of various minerals and vitamins but it may be pollution source of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) that can threate the health. Thus, the current study intended to detect the level of PTEs such as Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Znc (Zn) and Iron (Fe), in various coffee and coffee-based products (powder, ground, processed, infusion and bean). Considering the databases of Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science, the concentration of PTEs in coffee and coffee-based products was retrieved and meta-analyzed...