Linagliptin AND sitagliptin

Objectives Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are recommended as preferred add-on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) after metformin among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF), and chronic kidney disease (CKD). They are generally many folds costlier than other OADs. This is a simulatory analysis to assess the incremental cost escalation and risk reduction with their hypothetical substitution/addition in prescriptions of high-risk patients...

Recent reports suggest that prediabetes is a risk factor for developing severe COVID-19 complications through underlying mechanisms involving undiagnosed sub-clinical inflammation. However, we remain without a clinical approach for managing COVID-19 in prediabetic cases. The subclinical inflammation in prediabetes is associated with elevated DPP4 levels and activity. DPP4 has pleiotropic actions, including glycaemia regulation and immuno-modulation. Recently, DPP4 has been recognised as a co-receptor for COVID-19 for entering host cells...

BACKGROUND: Omarigliptin is one of several once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is). Despite the high frequency of switching from various daily DPP-4is to omarigliptin in actual clinical practice, data regarding its efficacy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) after switching are limited. AIM: To analyze the efficacy of omarigliptin in Japanese patients with T2D who had previously received treatment with other glucose-lowering agents. METHODS: Forty-nine T2D patients treated for the first time with omarigliptin were recruited retrospectively and divided into four groups defined as either add-on or switched from daily DPP-4is: switched from linagliptin, switched from sitagliptin, and switched from vildagliptin...

PURPOSE: Available data on the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on fracture risk are contradictory. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze all available data on the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on fracture risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. METHODS: Embase, Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for relevant trials. All data analyses were performed with STATA (12.0) and R language (3.6.0). Risk ratio (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated by combining data for the fracture effects of anti-diabetic drugs, including sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, meglitinides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, biguanides, insulin, and sulfonylureas...

Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China. This study assessed the economic outcomes of different DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with metformin in the Chinese context. Materials and Methods: In this study, the validated Chinese Outcomes Model for T2DM (COMT) was conducted to project economic outcomes from the perspective of Chinese healthcare service providers...

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the highly prevalence disorder and increasing day by day worldwidely. T2DM is a metabolic disorder, which is characterized by deficiency in insulin or resistance to insulin and thus increases the glucose levels in the blood. Various approaches are there to treat diabetes but still there is no cure for this disease. DPP-4 inhibitor is a privileged target in the field of drug discovery and provides various opportunities in exploring this target for development of molecules as antidiabetic agents...

BACKGROUND: Drug counterfeiting is a rising problem that is difficult to identify, as well as the lack of regulations and legislation in less developing countries, represent major flaws, and this leads to the exacerbation of this serious problem. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to develop a robust and an economic RP-HPLC method for simultaneously determining metformin HCl, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin benzoate, sitagliptin phosphate monohydrate and linagliptin with an emphasis on counterfeiting...

BACKGROUND: Medicine purchasing in Chinese public hospitals is decided by the hospital Pharmacy Management Committee (PMC), that is complex, subjective and requires efficient approaches to ensure transparency and consistency for the factors being considered. This study aimed to use the Evidence and Value: Impact on Decision Making (EVIDEM) framework to assess medicine in these hospitals. In this study anti-diabetic drugs DPP-4 inhibitors, which work by inhibiting the activation of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, were appraised...

AIMS: Meta-analyses of randomized trials on Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) reported discordant results on major cardiovascular events (MACE), mortality, and heart failure. Aim of this meta-analysis of randomized trials is the assessment of the cardiovascular safety of DPP4i. DATA SYNTHESIS: A Medline, Embase, Cochrane database search for sitagliptin, vildagliptin, omarigliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin, trelagliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, gemigliptin, evogliptin, and teneligliptin was performed up to up January 1st, 2020...

In vivo studies suggest that arrhythmia risk may be greater with less selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, but evidence from population-based studies is missing. We aimed to compare saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and linagliptin with regard to risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)/ventricular arrhythmia (VA). We conducted high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) matched, new-user cohort studies. We analyzed Medicaid and Optum Clinformatics separately. We identified new users of saxagliptin, sitagliptin (both databases), and linagliptin (Optum only)...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, an association between dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and bullous pemphigoid has been detected in pharmacovigilance studies in European and Asian countries; however, no pharmacovigilance data have been published yet in the USA. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between bullous pemphigoid and DPP-4 inhibitors and other oral diabetes mellitus medications in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)...

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) are associated with an increased risk of developing bullous pemphigoid (BP) in patients with diabetes. Autoantibodies targeting epitopes on the processed BP180, 120-kDa (LAD-1), and 97-kDa (LABD97) linear immunoglobulin (Ig)A dermatosis antigens are the major autoantibodies in DPP-4i-associated BP. However, no case of mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) developing during treatment with DPP-4i has been reported. We report a case of MMP associated with DPP-4i. A man in his late 70s presented with oral mucous membrane erosion and a few blisters on his upper chest and back...

BACKGROUND: Nonmedical formulary switches (NMFS) routinely occur in managed health care plans and involve changing preferred medications for reasons outside of clinical considerations. The cost implications of NMFS are infrequently published and the clinical outcomes rarely assessed. OBJECTIVE: To assess the real-world clinical and cost implications of an NMFS involving sitagliptin and linagliptin. METHODS: An NMFS was made to the Geisinger Health Plan (GHP) commercial, health care reform, and Medicaid formularies on February 1, 2018, involving a change in preferred medication from sitagliptin to linagliptin...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and discuss the clinical characteristics of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i)-induced bullous pemphigoid (BP). DATA SOURCES: We collected case reports of DPP4i-induced BP by searching databases from 2006 to mid-May 2021, as a retrospective analysis. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant case reports and case analyses of DPP4i-induced BP were included. DATA SYNTHESIS: The median time of symptom onset was 9 months (range 0...

BACKGROUND: We previously tested two angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and two dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors for dual enzyme inhibitory effect. Only two DPP-4 inhibitors, linagliptin and sitagliptin, were able to inhibit ACE. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we investigated if other inhibitors of ACE or DPP-4 could simultaneously inhibit the activities of both DPP-4 and ACE. METHODS: Forty Sprague Dawley rats were used...

OBJECTIVES: The appearance of new onset diabetes is common after kidney transplant. Treatment options are limited because of renal function-related contraindications, interactions with immunosuppressive drugs, and side effects. We investigated the long-term safety and efficacy of dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors in renal transplant recipients with new onset diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We treated 12 patients with dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, and 5 patients received insulin monotherapy as initial treatment of new onset diabetes after kidney transplant...

INTRODUCTION: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have often been used for patients with T2DM because of the reduced risk of hypoglycemia. However, DPP4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the risk of infectious diseases. This network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to investigate the risk of urinary tract and genital infections associated with the use of two new glucose-lowering drug classes in patients with type 2 diabetes...

Aims: No meta-analysis is available which has summarized and holistically analyzed the efficacy and safety of evogliptin. We undertook this meta-analysis to address this gap in knowledge. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for RCTs involving diabetes patients receiving evogliptin in intervention arm and placebo/active comparator in control arm. Primary outcome was to evaluate changes in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes were to evaluate alterations in fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, lipids, insulin resistance, patients achieving glycemic targets of HbA1c <7% and <6...

In a recent publication, Eleftheriou et al. proposed that inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) are functional inhibitors of the main protease (Mpro ) of SARS-CoV-2. Their predictions prompted the authors to suggest linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor and approved anti-diabetes drug, as a repurposed drug candidate against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We used an enzymatic assay measuring the inhibition of Mpro catalytic activity in the presence of four different commercially available gliptins (linagliptin, sitagliptin, alogliptin and saxagliptin) and several structural analogues of linagliptin to study the binding of DPP-4 inhibitors to Mpro and their functional activity...

BACKGROUND: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a chronic immune-mediated vesiculobullous disorder. Recently, several reports have described dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, also known as gliptins, as causative agents for drug-induced BP. OBJECTIVE: To report and describe clinical and histologic characteristics of 10 cases of gliptin-induced BP. RESULTS: We identified 10 patients with gliptin-induced BP. Nine were secondary to linagliptin, and 1 case was attributed to sitagliptin...