keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36859607/descriptive-and-functional-anatomy-of-the-heschl-gyrus-historical-review-manual-labelling-and-current-perspectives
#1
REVIEW
Douglas Henderson, Ihsane Bichoutar, Bernard Moxham, Virginie Faidherbe, Odile Plaisant, Alexis Guédon
PURPOSE: The Heschl Gyrus (HG), which includes the Primary Auditory Cortex (PAC), lies on the upper surface of the superior temporal gyrus (T1). It has been the subject of growing interest in the fields of neuroscience over the past decade. Given the considerable interhemispheric and interindividual variability of its morphology, manual labelling remains the gold standard for its radio-anatomical study. The aim of this study was to revisit the original work of Richard L. Heschl, to provide a broad overview of the available anatomical knowledge and to propose a manually labelled 3D digital model...
April 2023: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy: SRA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35964970/anatomy-of-the-temporal-lobe-from-macro-to-micro
#2
REVIEW
Daniel Zachlod, Olga Kedo, Katrin Amunts
The temporal cortex encompasses a large number of different areas ranging from the six-layered isocortex to the allocortex. The areas support auditory, visual, and language processing, as well as emotions and memory. The primary auditory cortex is found at the Heschl gyri, which develop early in ontogeny with the Sylvian fissure, a deep and characteristic fissure that separates the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes. Gyri and sulci as well as brain areas vary between brains and between hemispheres, partly linked to the functional organization of language and lateralization...
2022: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34775040/the-macaque-ventral-intraparietal-area-has-expanded-into-three-homologue-human-parietal-areas
#3
REVIEW
Celia Foster, Wei-An Sheng, Tobias Heed, Suliann Ben Hamed
The macaque ventral intraparietal area (VIP) in the fundus of the intraparietal sulcus has been implicated in a diverse range of sensorimotor and cognitive functions such as motion processing, multisensory integration, processing of head peripersonal space, defensive behavior, and numerosity coding. Here, we exhaustively review macaque VIP function, cytoarchitectonics, and anatomical connectivity and integrate it with human studies that have attempted to identify a potential human VIP homologue. We show that human VIP research has consistently identified three, rather than one, bilateral parietal areas that each appear to subsume some, but not all, of the macaque area's functionality...
February 2022: Progress in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34483818/the-age-of-brain-organoids-tailoring-cell-identity-and-functionality-for-normal-brain-development-and-disease-modeling
#4
REVIEW
Lisiane O Porciúncula, Livia Goto-Silva, Pitia F Ledur, Stevens K Rehen
Over the past years, brain development has been investigated in rodent models, which were particularly relevant to establish the role of specific genes in this process. However, the cytoarchitectonic features, which determine neuronal network formation complexity, are unique to humans. This implies that the developmental program of the human brain and neurological disorders can only partly be reproduced in rodents. Advancement in the study of the human brain surged with cultures of human brain tissue in the lab, generated from induced pluripotent cells reprogrammed from human somatic tissue...
2021: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34303116/stable-brain-loci-for-the-processing-of-complex-syntax-a-review-of-the-current-neuroimaging-evidence
#5
REVIEW
Yosef Grodzinsky, Peter Pieperhoff, Cynthia Thompson
We conducted a retrospective review of fMRI studies of complex syntax, in order to study the stability of the neural bases of mechanisms engaged in syntactic processing. Our review set out rigorous selection criteria of studies which we discuss, including transparency and minimality of the contrasts between stimuli, and the presence of whole brain analyses corrected for multiple comparisons. Seventeen studies with 316 participants survived our sieve. We mapped the 65 resulting maxima onto JuBrain, a state-of-the-art cytoarchitectonic brain atlas (Amunts et al...
June 24, 2021: Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33422567/visual-mental-imagery-engages-the-left-fusiform-gyrus-but-not-the-early-visual-cortex-a-meta-analysis-of-neuroimaging-evidence
#6
REVIEW
Alfredo Spagna, Dounia Hajhajate, Jianghao Liu, Paolo Bartolomeo
The dominant neural model of visual mental imagery (VMI) stipulates that memories from the medial temporal lobe acquire sensory features in early visual areas. However, neurological patients with damage restricted to the occipital cortex typically show perfectly vivid VMI, while more anterior damages extending into the temporal lobe, especially in the left hemisphere, often cause VMI impairments. Here we present two major results reconciling neuroimaging findings in neurotypical subjects with the performance of brain-damaged patients: (1) a large-scale meta-analysis of 46 fMRI studies, of which 27 investigated specifically visual mental imagery, revealed that VMI engages fronto-parietal networks and a well-delimited region in the left fusiform gyrus...
January 7, 2021: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32711068/a-nociresponsive-specific-area-of-human-somatosensory-cortex-within-ba3a-ba3c
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rosa M Sanchez Panchuelo, Sally Eldeghaidy, Andrew Marshall, Francis McGlone, Susan T Francis, Oleg Favorov
It is well recognized that in primates, including humans, noxious body stimulation evokes a neural response in the posterior bank of the central sulcus, in Brodmann cytoarchitectonic subdivisions 3b and 1 of the primary somatosensory cortex. This response is associated with the 1st/sharp pain and contributes to sensory discriminative aspects of pain perception and spatial localization of the noxious stimulus. However, neurophysiological studies in New World monkeys predict that in humans noxious stimulation also evokes a separate neural response-mediated by C-afferent drive and associated with the 2nd/burning pain-in the depth of the central sulcus in Brodmann area 3a (BA3a) at the transition between the somatosensory and motor cortices...
July 22, 2020: NeuroImage
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32314372/semiologic-subgroups-of-insulo-opercular-seizures-based-on-connectional-architecture-atlas
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Haixiang Wang, Aileen McGonigal, Kai Zhang, Qiang Guo, Bingqing Zhang, Xiu Wang, Xiao Wang, Jiuluan Lin, Xiancheng Song, Qian Feng, Siyu Wang, Mengyang Wang, Xiaoqiu Shao, Xiaoyan Liu, Liang Wang, Wenjing Zhou
OBJECTIVE: Insulo-opercular seizures are characterized by diverse semiology, related to the insula's multiple functional roles and extensive connectivity. We aimed to identify semiologic subgroups and correlate these with insulo-opercular subregions based on connectional architecture. METHODS: We retrospectively collected a large series of 37 patients with insulo-opercular seizures explored by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) from three epilepsy centers. A new human brain atlas (Brainnetome Atlas, BNA) based on both anatomic and functional connections was employed to segment insulo-opercular cortex...
May 2020: Epilepsia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31176833/dissociating-the-functions-of-superior-and-inferior-parts-of-the-left-ventral-occipito-temporal-cortex-during-visual-word-and-object-processing
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philipp Ludersdorfer, Cathy J Price, Keith J Kawabata Duncan, Kristina DeDuck, Nicholas H Neufeld, Mohamed L Seghier
During word and object recognition, extensive activation has consistently been observed in the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOT), focused around the occipito-temporal sulcus (OTs). Previous studies have shown that there is a hierarchy of responses from posterior to anterior vOT regions (along the y-axis) that corresponds with increasing levels of recognition - from perceptual to semantic processing, respectively. In contrast, the functional differences between superior and inferior vOT responses (i...
June 6, 2019: NeuroImage
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30471211/the-mid-fusiform-sulcus-sulcus-sagittalis-gyri-fusiformis
#10
REVIEW
Kevin S Weiner
In the human brain, the mid-fusiform sulcus (MFS; sulcus sagittalis gyri fusiformis) divides the fusiform gyrus (FG) into lateral and medial partitions. Recent studies show that the MFS is identifiable in every hemisphere and is a landmark that identifies (a) cytoarchitectonic transitions among four areas of the FG, (b) functional transitions in many large-scale maps, and (c) the location of fine-scale functional regions. Thus, simply identifying the MFS in a person's brain provides researchers with knowledge regarding: (a) how cells are organized across layers within a particular cortical location, (b) how functional representations will be laid out in cortex, and (c) the precise location of functional regions from cortical folding alone...
November 24, 2018: Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29199137/brodmann-area-10-collating-integrating-and-high-level-processing-of-nociception-and-pain
#11
REVIEW
Ke Peng, Sarah C Steele, Lino Becerra, David Borsook
Multiple frontal cortical brain regions have emerged as being important in pain processing, whether it be integrative, sensory, cognitive, or emotional. One such region, Brodmann Area 10 (BA 10), is the largest frontal brain region that has been shown to be involved in a wide variety of functions including risk and decision making, odor evaluation, reward and conflict, pain, and working memory. BA 10, also known as the anterior prefrontal cortex, frontopolar prefrontal cortex or rostral prefrontal cortex, is comprised of at least two cytoarchitectonic sub-regions, medial and lateral...
February 2018: Progress in Neurobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28701931/architecture-of-the-entorhinal-cortex-a-review-of-entorhinal-anatomy-in-rodents-with-some-comparative-notes
#12
REVIEW
Menno P Witter, Thanh P Doan, Bente Jacobsen, Eirik S Nilssen, Shinya Ohara
The entorhinal cortex (EC) is the major input and output structure of the hippocampal formation, forming the nodal point in cortico-hippocampal circuits. Different division schemes including two or many more subdivisions have been proposed, but here we will argue that subdividing EC into two components, the lateral EC (LEC) and medial EC (MEC) might suffice to describe the functional architecture of EC. This subdivision then leads to an anatomical interpretation of the different phenotypes of LEC and MEC. First, we will briefly summarize the cytoarchitectonic differences and differences in hippocampal projection patterns on which the subdivision between LEC and MEC traditionally is based and provide a short comparative perspective...
2017: Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28608647/specifying-the-brain-anatomy-underlying-temporo-parietal-junction-activations-for-theory-of-mind-a-review-using-probabilistic-atlases-from-different-imaging-modalities
#13
REVIEW
Matthias Schurz, Matthias G Tholen, Josef Perner, Rogier B Mars, Jerome Sallet
In this quantitative review, we specified the anatomical basis of brain activity reported in the Temporo-Parietal Junction (TPJ) in Theory of Mind (ToM) research. Using probabilistic brain atlases, we labeled TPJ peak coordinates reported in the literature. This was carried out for four different atlas modalities: (i) gyral-parcellation, (ii) sulco-gyral parcellation, (iii) cytoarchitectonic parcellation and (iv) connectivity-based parcellation. In addition, our review distinguished between two ToM task types (false belief and social animations) and a nonsocial task (attention reorienting)...
September 2017: Human Brain Mapping
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27923733/cognitive-control-of-vocalizations-in-the-primate-ventrolateral-dorsomedial-frontal-vlf-dmf-brain-network
#14
REVIEW
Kep Kee Loh, Michael Petrides, William D Hopkins, Emmanuel Procyk, Céline Amiez
This review centers on the neural mechanisms underlying the primate cognitive control of vocalizations, i.e. the capacity to regulate vocal productions in a goal-directed manner. In both human and non-human primates (NHPs), two main frontal brain regions are associated with top-down vocal control: a ventrolateral frontal region (VLF), comprising the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and ventral premotor region; and a dorsomedial frontal region (DMF), comprising the mid-cingulate cortex, pre-supplementary and supplementary motor areas...
November 2017: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26119921/the-anatomical-and-functional-specialization-of-the-fusiform-gyrus
#15
REVIEW
Kevin S Weiner, Karl Zilles
The fusiform gyrus (FG) is commonly included in anatomical atlases and is considered a key structure for functionally-specialized computations of high-level vision such as face perception, object recognition, and reading. However, it is not widely known that the FG has a contentious history. In this review, we first provide a historical analysis of the discovery of the FG and why certain features, such as the mid-fusiform sulcus, were discovered and then forgotten. We then discuss how observer-independent methods for identifying cytoarchitectonical boundaries of the cortex revolutionized our understanding of cytoarchitecture and the correspondence between those boundaries and cortical folding patterns of the FG...
March 2016: Neuropsychologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25450230/molecular-underpinnings-of-prefrontal-cortex-development-in-rodents-provide-insights-into-the-etiology-of-neurodevelopmental-disorders
#16
REVIEW
D Schubert, G J M Martens, S M Kolk
The prefrontal cortex (PFC), seat of the highest-order cognitive functions, constitutes a conglomerate of highly specialized brain areas and has been implicated to have a role in the onset and installation of various neurodevelopmental disorders. The development of a properly functioning PFC is directed by transcription factors, guidance cues and other regulatory molecules and requires the intricate and temporal orchestration of a number of developmental processes. Disturbance or failure of any of these processes causing neurodevelopmental abnormalities within the PFC may contribute to several of the cognitive deficits seen in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders...
July 2015: Molecular Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24924165/a-new-myeloarchitectonic-map-of-the-human-neocortex-based-on-data-from-the-vogt-vogt-school
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rudolf Nieuwenhuys, Cees A J Broere, Leonardo Cerliani
The human cerebral cortex contains numerous myelinated fibres, the arrangement and density of which is by no means homogeneous throughout the cortex. Local differences in the spatial organization of these fibres render it possible to recognize areas with a different myeloarchitecture. The neuroanatomical subdiscipline aimed at the identification and delineation of such areas is known as myeloarchitectonics. During the period extending from 1910 to 1970, Oscar and Cécile Vogt and their numerous collaborators (The Vogt-Vogt school) published a large number of myeloarchitectonic studies on the cortex of the various lobes of the human cerebrum...
September 2015: Brain Structure & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24490283/-morphofunctional-evaluation-of-different-parts-of-the-cerebral-cortex-after-ionizing-radiation-exposure
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
The investigation has the aim to compare reactions of phylogenetically different parts of the brain cortex to single and fractionated irradiation by 1 Gy. The focus is primarily laid on unveiling the morphological stage of radiation-induced changes in the cortex. A hundred of 100 nubilous male rats with the body mass of 200-230 g were subject to whole-body uniform single and fractionated gamma-irradiation (total dose absorption over 5 days) with MeV spectrum 1.2 at 1 Gy (dose rate--50 cGy/h). Sampling of cortex motoria secundaria, cortex prelimbicus, hippocampus fields CA1-CA4, dentate fascia and cortex piriformis was conducted in a day, 6, 12 and 18 months after exposure...
September 2013: Aviakosmicheskaia i Ekologicheskaia Meditsina, Aerospace and Environmental Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24391534/the-role-of-the-midcingulate-cortex-in-monitoring-others-decisions
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew A J Apps, Patricia L Lockwood, Joshua H Balsters
A plethora of research has implicated the cingulate cortex in the processing of social information (i.e., processing elicited by, about, and directed toward others) and reward-related information that guides decision-making. However, it is often overlooked that there is variability in the cytoarchitectonic properties and anatomical connections across the cingulate cortex, which is indicative of functional variability. Here we review evidence from lesion, single-unit recording and functional imaging studies...
2013: Frontiers in Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24072162/comparison-of-stereotactic-parcellations-in-mouse-prefrontal-cortex
#20
REVIEW
Henri J J M Van De Werd, Harry B M Uylings
This study compares the cytoarchitectonic parcellation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the mouse as presented in publications that are commonly used for identifying brain areas. Agreement was found to be greater for boundaries in the medial PFC than in the lateral PFC and lowest for those in the orbital areas of the PFC. In this review, we explain and illustrate in a selected series of photographs and stereotactic pictures the differences in location and terminology of the different prefrontal cortical areas...
March 2014: Brain Structure & Function
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