pneumonia pediatric

Aim: Proof-of-concept study, highlighting the clinical diagnostic ability of FT-IR compared with MALDI-TOF MS, combined with WGS. Materials & methods: 104 pathogenic isolates of Neisseria meningitidis , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were analyzed. Results: Overall prediction accuracy was 99.6% in FT-IR and 95.8% in MALDI-TOF-MS. Analysis of N. meningitidis serogroups was superior in FT-IR compared with MALDI-TOF-MS. Phylogenetic relationship of S. pyogenes was similar by FT-IR and WGS, but not S...

BACKGROUND: We aim to describe our experience with bronchoscopy to diagnose and relieve tracheobronchial obstruction in anticipation of decannulation in children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of children on ECMO between 1/2018 and 12/2022. RESULTS: A total of 107 children required ECMO support during the study period for cardiac (n = 48, 45%), pulmonary (n = 38, 36%), or cardiopulmonary dysfunction (n = 21, 20%)...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic have impacts on the prevalence of other pathogens and people's social lifestyle. This study aimed to compare the pathogen, allergen and micronutrient characteristics of pediatric inpatients with pneumonia prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. METHODS: Patients with pneumonia admitted to the Department of Pediatric Pulmonology of Xinhua Hospital between March-August 2019 and March-August 2020 were recruited...

OBJECTIVE: To identify the profile of organisms causing neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in recent years. METHODS: In this prospective study, authors included neonates with blood culture proven sepsis. Antibiotic resistance patterns that were identified were extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and possible carbapenamase producer. Xpert CARBA-R test was performed to identify genes causing carbapenem resistance. RESULTS: There were 210 neonates with 216 episodes of blood culture proven sepsis...

This study aimed to provide data for the clinical features of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and the molecular characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from pediatric patients in China. We conducted a multi-center prospective study for IPD in 19 hospitals across China from January 2019 to December 2021. Data of demographic characteristics, risk factors for IPD, death, and disability was collected and analyzed. Serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of pneumococcal isolates were also detected...

Demographic data and clinical data were collected retrospectively from patients with pertussis at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics between March 2011 and February 2023. Among the 270 hospitalized patients, 151 cases were male and 119 were female. The youngest age of admission was 10 days and the eldest age of admission was 11 years. The 270 hospitalized patients were divided into two groups according to onset age: <3 months ( n =143) and≥3 months ( n =127)...

OBJECTIVE: Signs and symptoms of osteomyelitis or septic arthritis in neonates and infants are often nonspecific and early-stage bone infections in infants may often go unnoticed. The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of newborns and infants with osteomyelitis and septic arthritis to improve understanding of the disorder and to assist clinicians with diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective multicenter study was conducted on neonates (0-28 days old, n = 94) and infants (1-12 months old, n = 415) with osteoarticular infections...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children has been increasing worldwide since the onset of the pandemic. This study examined the risk factors and characteristics of COVID-19 among pediatric patients compared to other respiratory viral infections. METHODS: This was a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients aged 0-18 years presenting with respiratory symptoms from October 2020 to December 2021 were included. Demographic and clinical data were reviewed...

BACKGROUND: Lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a relatively difficult-to-treat pneumonia in children. The time of radiographic resolution after treatment is variable, a long recovery time can result in several negative effects, and it has attracted our attention. Therefore, exploring factors associated with delayed radiographic resolution will help to identify these children at an early stage and prepare for early intervention. METHODS: The data of 339 children with lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae were collected from the Department of Pediatrics of Fu Yang People's Hospital, China from January 2021 to June 2022...

Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) is a rare interstitial pneumonia with distinct clinicopathologic features. It has been associated with exposure to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and classical alkylating agents. Here, we highlight PPFE as a late complication of childhood cancer therapy by describing the cases of four survivors of childhood cancer with a diagnosis of treatment-related PPFE. All patients received high-dose alkylating agents. PPFE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of restrictive lung disease in patients with history of exposure to alkylating agents or HSCT...

BACKGROUND: Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) reduced the number of cases of pneumococcal disease (PD). However, there is an increase in clinical and economic burden of PD from serotypes that are not part of the existing pneumococcal vaccines, particularly impacting pediatric and elder population. In addition, the regions where the PCV is not available, the disease burden remains high. In this study, immunogenicity and safety of the BE's 14-valent PCV (PNEUBEVAX 14™; BE-PCV-14) containing two additional epidemiologically important serotypes (22F and 33F) was evaluated in infants in comparison to licensed vaccine, Prevenar-13 (PCV-13)...

PURPOSE: Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) from low- to middle-income countries (LMIC) are suspected to have a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMOs) carriage, but data are currently lacking. Carriage of ARMOs could impact the post-operative course in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of ARMOs carriage in children with CHD from LMIC and its impact on post-operative outcomes. METHODS: This was a retrospective monocentric study from 01/2019 to 12/2022...

UNLABELLED: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is an important cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children and young adolescents. Despite macrolide antibiotics effectiveness as a first-line therapy, persistence of fever and/or clinical deterioration sometimes may complicate treatment and may even lead to severe systemic disease. To date, there is no consensus on alternative treatment options, optimal dosage, and duration for treating severe, progressive, and systemic MP pneumonia after macrolide treatment failure...

OBJECTIVE: Elevated procalcitonin levels have been associated with bacterial infection in children. Observational studies reported high procalcitonin values in COVID-19. Data on bacterial coinfections in pediatric COVID-19 is sparse; small studies suggest a low coinfection rate. In this study, we aimed to quantify the positive predictive value (PPV) of procalcitonin in identifying bacterial infection in children with and without COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 215 children <21 years admitted to our tertiary children's hospital between February 1, 2013, and July 15, 2020, who had procalcitonin levels measured within 48 hours of admission...

Objective: This study constitutes a pioneering systematic review and meta analysis delving into the clinical efficacy and safety of the combined therapy involving Wuhu Decoction and azithromycin for treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients. Methods: This study conducted a comprehensive computerized search, covering 6 Chinese databases and 6 English databases, to collect randomized controlled trials related to the combined use of Wuhu Decoction and azithromycin for treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients...

BACKGROUND: An increased incidence of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections has been observed in pediatric population post-COVID-19 pandemic. While the majority of reports refer to scarlet fever or invasive GAS disease, detailed data on pulmonary manifestations such as complicated community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of GAS to complicated CAP in children during the 2022/2023 infectious season. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the etiology and clinical presentation of complicated CAP patients hospitalized in our tertiary care center in Warsaw, Poland, between August 2022 and May 2023...

BACKGROUND: Tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is characterized by excessive dynamic airway collapse. Severe TBM can be associated with substantial morbidity. Children with secondary TBM associated with esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) and vascular-related airway compression (VRAC) demonstrate clinical improvement following airway pexy surgery. It is unclear if children with severe primary TBM, without secondary etiologies (EA/TEF, vascular ring, intrinsic pulmonary pathology, or complex cardiac disease) demonstrate clinical improvement following airway pexy surgery...

Objective: To analyze the drug-resistant gene loci of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Methods: From November 2022 to October 2023, 697 clinical samples (including sputum, alveolar lavage fluid and blood) of 686 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae positive detected by mNGS were retrospectively analyzed. Samples were divided into intensive care unit (ICU) group and non-ICU group, Chi-square test was used to compare groups, and Mann-Kendall trend test was used to analyze the change trend of the detection rate of drug resistance gene loci over time...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to children's health, particularly in respiratory infections. Accurate identification of pathogens and AMR is crucial for targeted antibiotic treatment. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) shows promise in directly detecting microorganisms and resistance genes in clinical samples. However, the accuracy of AMR prediction through mNGS testing needs further investigation for practical clinical decision-making. METHODS: We aimed to evaluate the performance of mNGS in predicting AMR for severe pneumonia in pediatric patients...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate inpatient care costs of childhood severe pneumonia and its urban-rural cost variation, and to predict cost drivers. DESIGN: The study was nested within a cluster randomised trial of childhood severe pneumonia management. Cost per episode of severe pneumonia was estimated from a healthcare provider perspective for children who received care from public inpatient facilities. A bottom-up micro-costing approach was applied and data collected using structured questionnaire and review of the patient record...