galandiuk s

BACKGROUND: Understanding of data-reporting methods is imperative for correct interpretation of the medical literature as well as for proper performance of future clinical research. Recent developments in biostatistics have greatly changed the types of statistical analyses used and the minimum quality standards that must be maintained. METHOD: Different types of review are described, including systematic review with and without meta-analysis. Minimum reporting standards, sources of bias, both quantitative and qualitative, and references are discussed...

BACKGROUND: The importance of rural operations is magnified by super-specialization, uneven geographic distribution, and special educational needs. Definition of practice patterns and quality measures are needed. METHODS: A statewide network of 60 operative specialists studied costs, quality, and outcomes in 17,319 patients undergoing 46 different specialty operations between 1998 and 2003, comparing 9,544 rural to 7,775 urban patients. These data are augmented by additional data from 5,339 operative patients in 2004...

Fundamental differences exist between ulcerative colitis (UC)-associated and sporadic forms of colorectal cancer, including preexisting inflammation, type of dysplasia, and timing of molecular events in carcinogenesis. Transcriptional alterations that occur in UC-associated neoplasia in the progression from normal mucosa through dysplastic epithelium to invasive cancer have not been described. We used Affymetrix U95Av2 microarrays to assess differential gene expression in the neoplastic progression of UC tissue from the colonic mucosa of individuals with benign UC, UC-dysplasia-associated lesions or masses, and UC adenocarcinoma...

BACKGROUND: The clinical problems of advanced malignancy with invasion of cancers into adjacent organs or structures, fistulizing complications from radiation therapy, postoperative infections, and delayed postoperative healing continue to challenge pelvic surgeons, regardless of subspecialty. The use of autologous muscle and myocutaneous flaps has been applied to the management and prevention of these clinical problems and found to be most helpful. METHODS: Records of patients undergoing abdominopelvic procedures in a single unit during the 15-year period from 1990 to 2005 were reviewed, and patients undergoing autologous tissue flaps were reviewed with respect to indications, complications, and outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Significant evidence suggests that a promoter polymorphism within the gene SLC11A1 is involved in susceptibility to both autoimmune and infectious disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether SLC11A1 has a role in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by characterizing a promoter polymorphism within the gene and two short tandem repeat (STR) markers in genetic proximity to SLC11A1. METHODS: The studied population consisted of 484 Caucasians with IBD, 144 population controls, and 348 non-IBD-affected first-degree relatives of IBD patients...

The classification of ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn disease (CD), and indeterminate colitis (IC) as forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is based on clinical, radiological, and histological criteria. The genetic basis of IBD is well founded, and susceptibility loci have been identified on several different chromosomes. We aimed to define genotype-phenotype relationships and interactions with the IBD susceptibility gene CARD15for various IBD susceptibility loci (IBD1, IBD2, IBD5, IBD6, IBD7, and chromosome 4) by characterizing previously described peak LOD score short tandem repeat (STR) markers...

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Although genetic testing can screen for rare hereditary CRC syndromes, there is no ideal means of screening for sporadic forms of CRC. This review will focus on markers that are currently used in the management of sporadic CRC and their limitations, as well as possible future clinical applications.

Postsurgical infection risk is correlated with subcutaneous tissue oxygenation. Mild hypercapnia augments cutaneous perfusion. We tested the hypothesis that peripheral tissue oxygenation increases as a function of arterial PCO2 in surgical patients. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to intra-operative end tidal PCO2 of 3.99 (control) or 5.99 kPa (hypercapnia). All other anaesthetic management was per protocol. Tissue oxygen partial pressure, transcutaneous oxygen tension, cerebral oxygen saturation, and cardiac output were measured...

Genomewide scanning has been used to identify chromosomal regions encoding susceptibility loci to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The greatest evidence for linkage to IBD has been reported for a region of chromosome 12q14 surrounding the microsatellite marker D12S83, with a logarithm of odds score of 5.47 and a positive transmission disequilibrium test, and which was subsequently named IBD2. We wished to confirm this locus by genotyping the highly polymorphic microsatellites D12S1022, D12S1056, and D12S83, spanning a continuous region on chromosome 12 of 342 kb, in a cohort of nonrelated individuals with ulcerative colitis (89 patients), Crohn disease (121 patients), and population-based control subjects (100 patients)...

PURPOSE: Up to one in five patients undergoing surgery for ulcerative colitis will have ambiguous histology, with features of both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and are categorized as having indeterminate colitis. We hypothesized that functional outcomes in indeterminate colitis patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis are comparable with those of ulcerative colitis patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. METHODS: Physician-conducted interviews of 120 consecutive ileal pouch-anal anastomosis patients with a preoperative diagnosis of ulcerative colitis were reviewed, with a mean follow-up of 54 months...

We wished to demonstrate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcript polymorphism in human colon cancer. RNA was extracted from 25 primary human colorectal adenocarcinomas followed by VEGF transcript amplification, fragment elution, subcloning, positive selection via insert analysis and sequencing. Four distinct splice variants were consistently expressed in cancer, including VEGF121, VEGF165, VEGF189 and the newly identified truncated splice variant VEGF145. Six novel mutations were characterized, all of which occurred within the conserved expression site of the gene and which consequently were present in all splice forms...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: T-cell receptor gamma (TCR-gamma) is involved in maintaining host cell integrity and homeostasis of the human immune system. We hypothesize that polymorphism of the TCR-gamma complex may be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. METHODS: The microsatellite markers D7S1818 and D7S2206 located within the TCR-gamma antigen locus on chromosome 7p were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and genotypes were determined for 22 patients with early onset of colorectal cancer (<60 years old) and for 38 population-based control subjects...

Surgeons' opinions differ regarding the role of the omentum in low pelvic intestinal anastomoses. This study was undertaken to define the anatomy and surgical technique of omental transposition to the pelvis. We studied 45 cadavers to elucidate surgical aspects of omental mobilization, lengthening, and transposition into the pelvic cavity. In addition, intraoperative studies of omental transposition to the pelvis were performed in 20 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis, familial adenomatous polyposis, and rectal cancer who were undergoing ileal J-pouch anal anastomosis or low anterior resection...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) follows a multigenic mode of inheritance, encompassing the clinically discrete phenotypes of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The risk of malignant transformation of the colon increases with the duration and extent of IBD and is particularly high for patients with a longstanding history of UC. We wished to identify candidate genes that might be involved in disease pathogenesis based on functional plausibility and their putative role in IBD carcinogenesis. Polyadenylated mRNA (PolyA+ mRNA) preparation from inflamed intestinal mucosa of patients with a longstanding history of UC and CD was performed with subsequent hybridization of alpha phosphorus [alpha-32P]-deoxyadenotriphosphate-labeled complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) populations to nucleic acid arrays...

We wish to identify new candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of human colon cancer to better understand the diversity of phenotype presentation that varies from individual to individual. Our working hypothesis is that genetic polymorphism of genes in the Wingless-type (Wnt) frizzled protein receptor pathway is associated with the susceptibility to develop colon cancer. The putative role of the Wnt pathway in sporadic human malignancy of the colon suggests involvement in inherited cancer as well. beta-catenin is the crucial messenger in frizzled receptor signaling, transmitting Wnt-ligand signals such as signals from secreted apoptosis-related proteins to the nucleus...

A susceptibility locus for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on chromosome 16 (IBD1) has been linked to Crohn's disease in genome-wide linkage studies. We performed a case-control study with two markers for this locus using leukocyte DNA from 127 Crohn's patients, 83 ulcerative colitis patients, and 74 control patients. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of the polymerase chain reaction products were determined using autoradiography. Haplotype frequencies differed for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, particularly for haplotype CC (22% ulcerative colitis vs 10% Crohn's disease, P = 0...