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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yehuda Warszawer, Michael Gurevich, Ariel Kerpel, Sapir Dreyer Alster, Yael Nissan, Emanuel Shirbint, Chen Hoffmann, Anat Achiron
PURPOSE: Detection and prediction of the rate of brain volume loss with age is a significant unmet need in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). In this study we construct detailed brain volume maps for PPMS patients. These maps compare age-related changes in both cortical and sub-cortical regions with those in healthy individuals. METHODS: We conducted retrospective analyses of brain volume using T1-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans of a large cohort of PPMS patients and healthy subjects...
April 13, 2024: Neuroradiology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
L Diem, A Ovchinnikov, C Friedli, H Hammer, N Kamber, A Chan, A Salmen, O Findling, R Hoepner
BACKGROUND: Ocrelizumab (OCR) is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against CD-20 positive lymphocytes, mainly B-lymphocytes. OCR is approved for treatment of primary progressive (PPMS) and relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). This study aims to provide real-world safety and efficacy data of people with RMS treated with OCR in two Swiss Multiple Sclerosis (MS) centers. METHODS: We have conducted a retrospective data analysis using the patient cohorts from the Cantonal Hospital Aarau and Bern University Hospital (RMS: n = 235)...
March 30, 2024: Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachael Tarlinton, Radu Tanasescu, Claire Shannon-Lowe, Bruno Gran
BACKGROUND: Epstein barr virus (EBV) infection of B cells is now understood to be one of the triggering events for the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a progressive immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system. EBV infection is also linked to expression of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) of the HERV-W group, a further risk factor for the development of MS. Ocrelizumab is a high-potency disease-modifying treatment (DMT) for MS, which depletes B cells by targeting CD20...
March 30, 2024: Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan Luis Chico-Garcia, Raquel Sainz-Amo, Enric Monreal, Fernando Rodriguez-Jorge, Susana Sainz de la Maza, Jaime Masjuan, Luisa María Villar, Lucienne Costa-Frossard França
INTRODUCTION: Continuously acquired smartphone keyboard interactions may be useful to monitor progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). We aimed to study the correlation between tapping speed (TS), measured as keys/s, and baseline disability scales in patients with MS. METHODS: Single-center prospective study in patients with MS. We passively assessed TS during first week, measured by an "in house" smartphone application. Reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)...
March 30, 2024: Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter V Sguigna, Rehana Z Hussain, Annette Okai, Kyle M Blackburn, Lauren Tardo, Mariam Madinawala, Julie Korich, Lori A Lebson, Jeffrey Kaplan, Amber Salter, Navid Manouchehri, Olaf Stuve
BACKGROUND: Individual disease modifying therapies approved for multiple sclerosis (MS) have limited effectiveness and potentially serious side effects, especially when administered over long periods. Sequential combination therapy is a plausible alternative approach. Natalizumab is a monoclonal therapeutic antibody that reduces leukocyte access to the central nervous system that is associated with an increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and disease reactivation after its discontinuation...
2024: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cathérine Dekeyser, Matthias Hautekeete, Melissa Cambron, Vincent Van Pesch, Francesco Patti, Jens Kuhle, Samia Khoury, Jeanette Lechner Scott, Oliver Gerlach, Alessandra Lugaresi, Davide Maimone, Andrea Surcinelli, Pierre Grammond, Tomas Kalincik, Mario Habek, Barbara Willekens, Richard Macdonell, Patrice Lalive, Tunde Csepany, Helmut Butzkueven, Cavit Boz, Valentina Tomassini, Matteo Foschi, José Luis Sánchez-Menoyo, Ayse Altintas, Saloua Mrabet, Gerardo Iuliano, Maria Jose Sa, Raed Alroughani, Rana Karabudak, Eduardo Aguera-Morales, Orla Gray, Koen de Gans, Anneke van der Walt, Pamela A McCombe, Norma Deri, Justin Garber, Abdullah Al-Asmi, Olga Skibina, Pierre Duquette, Elisabetta Cartechini, Daniele Spitaleri, Riadh Gouider, Aysun Soysal, Liesbeth Van Hijfte, Mark Slee, Maria Pia Amato, Katherine Buzzard, Guy Laureys
BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether routine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters can serve as predictors of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease course. METHODS: This large-scale cohort study included persons with MS with CSF data documented in the MSBase registry. CSF parameters to predict time to reach confirmed Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores 4, 6 and 7 and annualised relapse rate in the first 2 years after diagnosis (ARR2) were assessed using (cox) regression analysis...
April 3, 2024: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristina Berve, Julia Michel, Silvia Tietz, Claudia Blatti, Daniela Ivan, Gaby Enzmann, Ruth Lyck, Urban Deutsch, Giuseppe Locatelli, Britta Engelhardt
In multiple sclerosis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), early pathological features include immune cell infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. We investigated the role of junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A), a tight junction protein, in active EAE (aEAE) pathogenesis. Our study confirms JAM-A expression at the blood-brain barrier and its luminal redistribution during aEAE. JAM-A deficient (JAM-A-/- ) C57BL/6J mice exhibited milder aEAE, unrelated to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific CD4+ T-cell priming...
April 2, 2024: European Journal of Immunology
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REVIEW
Shitiz Sriwastava, Mahmoud Elkhooly, Suban Amatya, Kriti Shrestha, Yusuf Kagzi, Dipika Bhatia, Rajesh Gupta, Shruti Jaiswal, Robert P Lisak
BACKGROUND: The article highlights upcoming potential treatments, which target different phases of inflammation and offer remyelinating strategies as well as direct and indirect neuroprotective and oligodendrocyte protective effects, providing a hopeful outlook for patients with primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS and SPMS). OBJECTIVES: The review aims to identify potential treatments and ongoing clinical trials for PPMS and SPMS, and compare their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and side effects with current treatments...
February 17, 2024: Journal of Neuroimmunology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Filipe Cortes-Figueiredo, Susanna Asseyer, Claudia Chien, Hanna G Zimmermann, Klemens Ruprecht, Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Friedemann Paul, Vanessa A Morais
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with a largely unknown etiology, where mitochondrial dysfunction likely contributes to neuroaxonal loss and brain atrophy. Mirroring the CNS, peripheral immune cells from patients with MS, particularly CD4+ T cells, show inappropriate mitochondrial phenotypes and/or oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) insufficiency, with a still unknown contribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). We hypothesized that mitochondrial genotype in CD4+ T cells might influence MS disease activity and progression...
March 29, 2024: Scientific Reports
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Irene Schiavetti, Alessio Signori, Angela Albanese, Jessica Frau, Eleonora Cocco, Lorena Lorefice, Sonia di Lemme, Roberta Fantozzi, Diego Centonze, Doriana Landi, Girolama Marfia, Elisabetta Signoriello, Giacomo Lus, Chiara Zecca, Claudio Gobbi, Rosa Iodice, Leonardo Malimpensa, Cinzia Cordioli, Diana Ferraro, Francesca Ruscica, Livia Pasquali, Anna Repice, Paolo Immovilli, Maria Teresa Ferrò, Simona Bonavita, Massimiliano Di Filippo, Gianmarco Abbadessa, Flora Govone, Maria Pia Sormani
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cladribine tablets, a purine analogue antimetabolite, offer a unique treatment regimen, involving short courses at the start of the first and second year, with no further treatment needed in years 3 and 4. However, comprehensive evidence regarding patient outcomes beyond the initial 24 months of cladribine treatment is limited. METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter study enrolled 204 patients with multiple sclerosis who had completed the 2-year course of cladribine treatment...
March 28, 2024: European Journal of Neurology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sifat Sharmin, Izanne Roos, Charles B Malpas, Pietro Iaffaldano, Marta Simone, Massimo Filippi, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Serkan Ozakbas, Vincenzo Brescia Morra, Raed Alroughani, Mauro Zaffaroni, Francesco Patti, Sara Eichau, Giuseppe Salemi, Alessia Di Sapio, Matilde Inglese, Emilio Portaccio, Maria Trojano, Maria Pia Amato, Tomas Kalincik
BACKGROUND: High-efficacy disease-modifying therapies have been proven to slow disability accrual in adults with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. However, their impact on disability worsening in paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis, particularly during the early phases, is not well understood. We evaluated how high-efficacy therapies influence transitions across five disability states, ranging from minimal disability to gait impairment and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, in people with paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis...
March 21, 2024: Lancet Child & Adolescent Health
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tomas Kalincik, Sifat Sharmin, Izanne Roos, Jennifer Massey, Ian Sutton, Barbara Withers, Mark S Freedman, Harold Atkins, Eva Krasulova, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Marek Trneny, Tomas Kozak, Joachim Burman, Richard Macdonell, Øivind Torkildsen, Lars Bø, Anne Kristine Lehmann, Basil Sharrack, John Snowden
BACKGROUND: Natalizumab was not shown to modify disability in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). This matched observational study compared the effectiveness of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) with natalizumab in progressive MS. METHODS: Patients with primary/secondary progressive MS from seven AHSCT MS centres and the MSBase registry, treated with AHSCT or natalizumab, were matched on a propensity score derived from sex, age, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), number of relapses 12/24 months before baseline, time from MS onset, the most effective prior therapy and country...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Krämer, Heinz Wiendl
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite availability of high-efficacy therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS), many patients experience significant disability worsening due to limited effects of currently available drugs on central nervous system (CNS)-compartmentalized inflammation. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is an intracellular signaling molecule involved in regulation of maturation, survival, migration, and activation of B cells and microglia, which are central players in the immunopathogenesis of progressive MS...
March 28, 2024: Current Opinion in Neurology
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pauline Thränhardt, Admirim Veselaj, Christoph Friedli, Franca Wagner, Stefanie Marti, Lara Diem, Helly Hammer, Piotr Radojewski, Roland Wiest, Andrew Chan, Robert Hoepner, Anke Salmen
BACKGROUND: Reporting of sex-specific analyses in multiple sclerosis (MS) is sparse. Disability accrual results from relapses (relapse-associated worsening) and independent thereof (progression independent of relapses). OBJECTIVES: A population of MS patients during relapse treated per standard of care was analyzed for sex differences and short-term relapse outcome (3-6 months) as measured by Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) change. DESIGN: Single-center retrospective study...
2024: Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Zafran, Rebecca Crook, Alexander Tuck, Atmadeep Banerjee
A mid-60s female with known primary progressive multiple sclerosis was admitted to our hospital with aspiration pneumonia. Due to reduced consciousness, a nasogastric (NG) tube was inserted for feeding. A chest x-ray (CXR) report from a thoracic radiologist confirmed an atypical tip position due to a hiatus hernia but concluded it was almost certainly within the stomach. However, after deteriorating on feed commencement, a CT scan of the chest confirmed the tube had perforated the nasopharynx and run parallel to the oesophagus through the mediastinum into the right pleural space...
March 21, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raed Alroughani, Jasem Al-Hashel, Samar Farouk Ahmed
BACKGROUND: We describe the efficacy and safety of recent high efficacy disease DMTs in DMT-naive patients with highly active RMS. METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross sectional study from the Kuwait national MS registry. Patients with RMS who received alemtuzumab, cladribine tablets or ocrelizumab as their first DMT for RMS, with ≥2 year of follow up were included. The primary endpoint was the change in relapse rate from treatment initiation to 1 year; changes in disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]), radiologic activity, the proportion with no evidence of disease activity-3 (NEDA-3), and the frequency of adverse events were secondary endpoints...
March 19, 2024: Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bartosz Gajewski, Iwona Karlińska, Mariusz Stasiołek
INTRODUCTION: The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is a highly sensitive neuropsychological tool used for the assessment of information processing speed (IPS) in various neurological disorders. STATE OF THE ART: In this review, we have focused on the current knowledge regarding the use of SDMT selectively in the evaluation of progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) patients. A literature review was performed regarding the application of SDMT in PMS, with a focus on the primary progressive and secondary progressive subtypes...
March 21, 2024: Neurologia i Neurochirurgia Polska
#18
REVIEW
Luis Eduardo Ramos Chaer, Jakeline Martins de Mendonça, Maria Cristina Del Negro, Ricardo Titze-de-Almeida, Nícolas Philippe Balduino Nogueira, Priscila Mara Provetti, Pedro Renato de Paula Brandão, Diógenes Diego de Carvalho Bispo, Gabriela Billafan Ferreira, Ingrid Faber, Taina Barreto Cavalcante, Tarso Adoni, Juliana F Mazzeu, Felipe von Glehn
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by damage to the myelin sheaths of oligodendrocytes. Currently, there is no specific biomarker to identify the disease; however, a diagnostic criterion has been established based on patient's clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics, which assists in identifying this condition. The primary method for diagnosing MS is the McDonald criteria, first described in 2001 and revised in the years 2005, 2012, and 2017...
April 15, 2024: Journal of the Neurological Sciences
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REVIEW
Mayra Montalvo, Eoin P Flanagan
Paraneoplastic myelopathies are a rare but important category of myelopathy. They usually present with an insidious or subacute progressive neurologic syndrome. Risk factors include tobacco use and family history of cancer. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis usually shows lymphocytic pleocytosis with elevated protein. MRI findings suggest that paraneoplastic myelopathies include longitudinally extensive T2 hyperintensities that are tract-specific and accompanied by enhancement, but spinal MRIs can also be normal...
2024: Handbook of Clinical Neurology
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REVIEW
Alise K Carlson, Moein Amin, Jeffrey A Cohen
Currently, there are four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the cluster of differentiation (CD) 20 receptor available to treat multiple sclerosis (MS): rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, and ublituximab. B-cell depletion therapy has changed the therapeutic landscape of MS through robust efficacy on clinical manifestations and MRI lesion activity, and the currently available anti-CD20 mAb therapies for use in MS are a cornerstone of highly effective disease-modifying treatment. Ocrelizumab is currently the only therapy with regulatory approval for primary progressive MS...
March 14, 2024: Drugs
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