Nitrous

Hydroxylamine can disrupt the protein translation process of most reported nitrogen-converting bacteria, and thus hinder the reproduction of bacteria and nitrogen conversion capacity. However, the effect of hydroxylamine on the denitrification ability of strain EN-F2 is unclear. In this study, the cell growth, aerobic denitrification ability, and nitrous oxide (N2 O) emission by Pseudomonas taiwanensis were carefully investigated by addition of hydroxylamine at different concentrations. The results demonstrated that the rates of nitrate and nitrite reduction were enhanced by 2...

The sources and sinks of nitrous oxide, as control emissions to the atmosphere, are generally poorly constrained for most environmental systems. Initial depth-resolved analysis of nitrous oxide flux from observation wells and the proximal surface within a nitrate contaminated aquifer system revealed high subsurface production but little escape from the surface. To better understand the environmental controls of production and emission at this site, we used a combination of isotopic, geochemical, and molecular analyses to show that chemodenitrification and bacterial denitrification are major sources of nitrous oxide in this subsurface, where low DO, low pH, and high nitrate are correlated with significant nitrous oxide production...

The photochemistry of nitrophenols is a source of smog as nitrous acid is formed from their photolysis. Nevertheless, computational studies of the photochemistry of these widespread toxic molecules are scarce. In this work, the initial photodeactivation of ortho -nitrophenol and para -nitrophenol is modeled, both in gas phase and in aqueous solution to simulate atmospheric and aerosol environments. A large number of excited states, six for ortho -nitrophenol and 11 for para -nitrophenol, have been included and were all populated during the decay...

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The no-touch technique is an established method to harvest the saphenous vein (NT-SV), which is the most commonly used conduit in coronary artery bypass grafting. Herein, we summarize the foundational evidence, as well as highlight recent innovations and ongoing clinical trials involving NT-SV. RECENT FINDINGS: Through preservation of perivascular tissue for atraumatic handling and omission of manual distension, the NT-SV maintains endothelial nitrous oxide synthase levels and experiences less vascular smooth muscle cell activation, which translates to slower progression of atherosclerosis and less size mismatch of the graft and target vessel...

Forest soils are an important source of nitrous oxide (N2 O), however, field observations of N2 O emission have often exhibited large variabilities when compared with managed agricultural lands. In the last decade, the number of forest N2 O studies has increased more than tenfold, but only few of them have looked into the interannual flux variabilities from regional scale. Here, we have collected 30 long-term N2 O monitoring studies (≥ 2 years) based on global database, and extracted variabilities (VARFlux ) as well as relative variabilities (VAR% , in proportions) of annual N2 O fluxes...

Cover cropping is a promising strategy to improve soil health, but it may also trigger greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2 O). Beyond nitrogen (N) availability, cover crop residue decomposition may accelerate heterotrophic respiration to limit soil O2 availability, hence promote N2 O emissions from denitrification under sub-optimal water-filled pore space (WFPS) conditions that are typically not conducive to large N2 O production. We conducted a 21-day incubation experiment to examine the effects of contrasting cover crop residue (grass vs legume) decomposition on soil O2 and biogeochemical changes to influence N2 O and CO2 emissions from 15 N labeled fertilized soils under 50% and 80% WFPS levels...

Mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions in full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has become an irreversible trend to adapt the climate change. Monitoring of N2 O emissions plays a fundamental role in understanding and mitigating N2 O emissions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of direct and indirect N2 O monitoring methods. The techniques, strengths, limitations, and applicable scenarios of various methods are discussed. We conclude that the floating chamber technique is suitable for capturing and interpreting the spatiotemporal variability of real-time N2 O emissions, due to its long-term in-situ monitoring capability and high data acquisition frequency...

BACKGROUND: Nitrous oxide use is shifting from general anesthesia to sedation and pain control. Interest in novel uses of nitrous oxide in psychiatry is also growing. Thus, understanding the consequences of using nitrous oxide remains relevant. Previous quantitative research might not have fully captured the whole spectrum of nitrous oxide, whereas qualitative analysis can provide a more comprehensive description. This qualitative study aims to describe the subjective experiences of nitrous oxide use in healthy volunteers who have no prior history of recreational substance misuse...

Female surgeons have increased rates of infertility and pregnancy complications compared to the general population. Reported infertility rates in surgeons are 32% compared to 10.9% in the general population. Reported pregnancy complication rates in surgeons range from 25% to 35%. In the orthopaedic operating theatre occupational hazards that have an effect on pregnancy outcomes include radiation, exposure to methyl methacrylate in bone cement, surgical smoke, sharps injuries, exposure to anaesthetic waste gases and the effects of the physical demands of surgery including prolonged work hours and night shift work...

Despite decades of research and management efforts, eutrophication remains a persistent threat to inland waters. As nutrient pollution intensifies in the coming decades, the implications for aquatic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are poorly defined, particularly the responses of individual GHGs: carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O). The biogeochemical controls of each gas can differ, making it difficult to predict the overall effect of nutrient pollution on the net radiative forcing of aquatic ecosystems...

Previous mass spectrometric (MS) studies demonstrated that singly charged hydration clusters of manganese ions [Mn(H2 O) n ]+ were, on one hand, highly reactive toward intracluster water insertion but, on the other hand, inert toward nitrous oxide activation. This contrast in reactivity has been rationalized by our present theoretical investigation for the interconversion between the pristine Mn(I) monovalent form as a monatomic ion in [MnI (H2 O) n ]+ and the oxidized Mn(III) trivalent form as a hydride-hydroxide in [HMnIII OH(H2 O) n -1 ], as well as their reactivity toward nitrous oxide activation...

Recent studies show that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from urban landscape water are significant and cannot be overlooked, underscoring the need to develop effective strategies for mitigating GHG production from global freshwater systems. Calcium peroxide (CaO2 ) is commonly used as an eco-friendly reagent for controlling eutrophication in water bodies, but whether CaO2 can reduce GHG emissions remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of CaO2 dosage on the production of methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) in urban landscape water under anoxic conditions during summer...

Comammox Nitrospira and canonical ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (cAOB) generally coexist in activated sludge. In present study, the effect of comammox Nitrospira on N2 O production during nitrification of activated sludge was investigated. Comammox Nitrospira and cAOB were separately enriched in two nitrifying reactors, with respective relative abundance of approximately 98% in ammonia oxidizer community. The N2 O emission factor (EF) of nitrification in comammox Nitrospira dominated reactor was 0.35%, consistently lower than that (2...

Aerobic composting has been considered as a pragmatic technique to convert food waste digestate into high-quality biofertiliser. Nevertheless, massive gaseous emission and immature product remain the primary challenges in food waste digestate composting. Thus, the performance of multi-stage aeration regimes to improve gaseous emissions and organic humification during food waste digestate composting was investigated in this study. In addition to continuous aeration with a constant intensity of 0.3 L kg·dry mass (DM)-1 ·min-1 , two multi-stage decreased aeration regimes were designed as "0...

'Candidatus Methanoperedens nitroreducens' is an archaeal methanotroph with global importance that links carbon and nitrogen cycles and great potential for sustainable operation of wastewater treatment. It has been reported to mediate the anaerobic oxidation of methane through a reverse methanogenesis pathway while reducing nitrate to nitrite. Here, we demonstrate that 'Ca. M. nitroreducens' reduces ferric iron forming ammonium (23.1 %) and nitrous oxide (N2 O, 46.5 %) from nitrate. These results are supported with the upregulation of genes coding for proteins responsible for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (nrfA), N2 O formation (norV, cyt P460), and multiple multiheme c-type cytochromes for ferric iron reduction...

HIGHLIGHTS: Patient comfort during peripheral intravenous (PIV) insertion and specimen collection was increased. The authors extended the contingency plan implemented for PICC insertion to include PIV insertion and specimen collection. The authors met their goals by using quality improvement methodology. Prioritizing patient comfort often requires institutional culture change. BACKGROUND: Needle procedures can cause pain and distress, especially in pediatric patients...

Onsite sanitation systems (OSS) are significant sources of greenhouse gases (GHG) including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O). While a handful of studies have been conducted on GHG emissions from OSS, systematic evaluation of literature on this subject is limited. Our systematic review and meta-analysis provides state-of-the- art information on GHG emissions from OSS and identifies novel areas for investigation. The paper analyzes GHG emission rates from different OSS, the influence of various design, operational, and environmental factors on emission rates and proffers mitigation measures...

In this study, the complex interactions between soil types, compaction, and moisture on nitrogen (N) transformation processes such as ammonia (NH3) volatilization, ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification were examined over a 30-day period using a simulated column approach. Two soil types: loam, and sandy loam, were subjected to three compaction treatments-control, surface, and sub-surface compaction-and two moisture regimes, dry and wet. Liquid urea ammonium nitrate (32-0-0) was used as the N fertilizer source at a rate of 200 kg N ha-1...

Evaluating the impact of global warming on rice production and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is critical for ensuring food security and mitigating the consequences of climate change. Nonetheless, the impacts of warming on crop production, GHG emissions, and microbial mechanisms in the single-cropping rice systems remain unclear. Here, a two-year field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of warming (increased by 2.7-3.0 °C on average) in the rice growing season on crop production and functional microorganisms associated with GHG emissions...