thalamic stroke

BACKGROUND: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious condition characterized by bleeding within the brain tissue. Although the use of sildenafil, a vasodilator agent for erectile dysfunction, has been associated with rare cases of ICH, the combination of sildenafil usage and smoking as risk factors for ICH has not yet been reported. This case report describes the occurrence of ICH in a patient with a history of both sildenafil usage and heavy smoking. CASE PRESENTATION: A 53-year-old male, with a history of smoking and regular sildenafil use, was brought to the emergency department due to loss of consciousness with right-side weakness, he initially experienced with nausea, vomiting and dizziness after taking sildenafil 100mg tablet once...

This study aimed to explore the topographic features of thalamic subregions, functional connectomes and hierarchical organizations between thalamus and cortex in poststroke fatigue patients. We consecutively recruited 121 acute ischemic stroke patients (mean age: 59 years) and 46 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and educational level. The mean age was 59 years (range 19-80) and 38% of acute stroke patients were females. Resting-state functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging were conducted on all participants...

Artery of Percheron infarction is a rare one of the neurovascular structure variants of acute ischemic stroke characterized by bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts (BTPI), with or without mesencephalic infarction. Due to the low occurrence rate and various clinical manifestations, the early diagnosis of this disease is often missed. In addition, it is also difficult to diagnose this disease in an early implementation phase because cranial imaging and intracranial vascular imaging may show negative results...

BACKGROUND: Patients with thalamic infarction experience abnormal blockages of multinucleated vessels, affecting the body and thereby the thalamus. Most patients with thalamic infarction have an adverse prognosis, which seriously affects their safety. Therefore, it is essential to analyze the independent risk factors that influence the prognosis of patients with thalamic infarction and develop corresponding preventive measures. AIM: To explore the effect of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and Homocysteine (Hcy) levels in cognitive impairment in thalamic infarction...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) have a lifetime risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Although identified asymptomatic cases can be monitored with imaging follow-up, treatment is considered in cases of AVM rupture or hemodynamic instability. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 43-year-old man who had been taking antihypertensive drugs for the past 5 years visited our hospital 3 days after the abrupt onset of headache. The patient also complained of progressive ptosis in the left eye...

The Déjerine-Roussy syndrome is caused by a stroke in the posterior lateral nuclei of the thalamus. It has a 17 to 18% prevalence after a stroke involving the inferior lateral thalamus. It is characterized by superficial hemianesthesia, allodynia, severe paroxysmal pain, and choreoathetoid movements in the limbs on the paralyzed side. A posterior lateral thalamic lesion can present with ataxia hemiparesis contralateral to the side of the lesion. We reported a case of a 65-year-old, diabetic and hypertensive male who presented with sudden onset of superficial hemianesthesia, allodynia, severe and paroxysmal pain on the right side of the body with choreoathetoid movements in the upper limb, along with slurred speech, and unsteadiness while walking...

PURPOSE: To study seizure manifestations and outcomes in children with cortical versus white matter injury, differences potentially explaining variability of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy. METHODS: In this population-based retrospective cohort study, MRIs of children with cerebral palsy due to ischemia or haemorrhage were classified according to presence or absence of cortical injury. MRI findings were then correlated with history of neonatal seizures, seizures during childhood, epilepsy syndromes, and seizure outcomes...

The three-phase Enriched Environment (EE) paradigm has been shown to promote post-stroke functional improvement, but the neuronal mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, we applied a multimodal neuroimaging protocol combining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) to examine the effects of post-ischemic EE treatment on structural and functional neuroplasticity in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex. Rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. The motor function of the rats was examined using the DigiGait test...

The roles of cerebral structures distal to isolated thalamic infarcts in cognitive deficits remain unclear. We aimed to identify the in vivo microstructural characteristics of remote gray matter (GM) and thalamic pathways and elucidate their roles across cognitive domains. Patients with isolated ischemic thalamic stroke and healthy controls underwent neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) was modeled to derive the intracellular volume fraction (VFic ) and orientation dispersion index...

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have suggested associations between RNF213 variants and the formation of periventricular anastomosis among patients with moyamoya disease, leading to early onset of cerebral hemorrhage and rebleeding. CASE DESCRIPTION: We report herein the case of a boy with Down syndrome and moyamoya syndrome. Exome sequencing identified a heterozygous RNF213 R4810K variant. After ischemic stroke occurred at 9 years old, indirect surgical revascularization was performed for the left cerebral hemisphere and improved ischemic symptoms and cerebral hypoperfusion, while the left choroidal anastomosis remained...

PURPOSE: In the thermal grill illusion, participants experience a feeling similar to burning pain. The illusion is induced by simultaneously touching warm and cool stimuli in alternating positions. In post-stroke pain, central sensitization is caused by a variety of factors, including damage to the spinothalamic tract and shoulder pain. Because the thermal grill illusion depends on central mechanisms, it has recently been suggested that it may be a useful indicator of central sensitization...

The artery of Percheron (AOP), a variation of the thalamic vasculature, supplies both the thalamus and the midbrain. An infarct in this area is characterized by wide neurological abnormalities, the most common of which are altered mental state, decreased degree of consciousness, and memory impairment. AOP infarcts tend to be missed during the initial computed tomography (CT) scan. The number of reports on AOP infarction has been increasing, highlighting the range of clinical presentations and challenges that clinicians can face...

AIMS: Cerebrovascular lesions in the primary visual cortex, the lateral geniculate nucleus, and the optic tract have been associated with retinal neurodegeneration via the retrograde degeneration (RD) mechanism. We aimed to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess the effects of the strategic single subcortical infarction (SSI) location on retinal neurodegeneration and its longitudinal impacts. METHODS: Patients with SSI were enrolled and stratified by lesion location on cerebral MRI into the thalamic infarction group and extra-thalamic infarction group...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: When seizure onset affects a whole hemisphere, hemispheric disconnections are efficient and safe procedures. However, both lateral peri-insular hemispherotomy and vertical paramedian hemispherotomy approaches report a failure rate around 20%, which can be explained by residual connections giving rise to persistent seizures. In this study, we present the interhemispheric vertical hemispherotomy (IVH), a technical variation of the vertical paramedian hemispherotomy approach, that aims to increase seizure control avoiding residual connections while exposing the corpus callosum...

Here, we present a case series of four patients diagnosed with acute ischaemic stroke due to occlusion of the artery of Percheron (AOP), a rare stroke variant, observed in a single emergency centre within a three-month period. AOP occlusion is characterized by bilateral thalamic infarction with or without involvement of the mesencephalon. The presenting symptoms are diverse and not specific, but commonly include disturbance of consciousness, memory impairment, and vertical gaze palsy. In addition, due to the location of the infarction, imaging recognition is challenging and AOP occlusion often remains undiagnosed...

Bilateral thalamic infarction resulting from the occlusion of the artery of Percheron (AOP) is a rare cerebrovascular event with distinctive clinical presentations. This case report explores the intricate relationship between vascular anatomy, midbrain function, and clinical manifestations. A 48-year-old male farmer with a history of diabetes mellitus presented with sudden-onset visual disturbances, diplopia, bilateral eyelid drooping, and loss of consciousness. Extensive evaluations, including advanced imaging techniques, led to the diagnosis of bilateral upper midbrain infarction involving AOP...

Ischemic stroke causes secondary neurodegeneration in the thalamus ipsilateral to the infarction site and impedes neurological recovery. Axonal degeneration of thalamocortical fibers and autophagy overactivation are involved in thalamic neurodegeneration after ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying thalamic neurodegeneration remain unclear. Sterile /Armadillo/Toll-Interleukin receptor homology domain protein (SARM1) can induce Wallerian degeneration. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of SARM1 in thalamic neurodegeneration and autophagy activation after photothrombotic infarction...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Small fraction of lacunar stroke patients have an early fluctuating course, described as progressive lacunar syndrome [PLS].We studied the predictors and short term outcome of progressive lacunar strokes in comparison with those with an early stable course. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Single centre retrospective study where patients with lacunar strokes from 2016 to 2020 were included in the study. Progression was defined as increase in stroke severity [NIHSS] by ≥2 points from baseline without imaging evidence of new infarcts or haemorrhagic transformation...

INTRODUCTION: Holmes tremor (HT) comprises rest, postural and intention tremor subtypes, usually involving both proximal and distal musculature. Perturbations of nigro-striatal pathways might be fundamental in the pathogenesis of HT along with the cerebello-thalamic connections. METHODS: Nine patients with HT phenotype secondary to thalamic stroke were included. Epidemiological, and clinical records were obtained. Structural and functional brain imaging were done with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) respectively...

A 20-month-old female with a past medical history of tuberous sclerosis, epilepsy, and infantile spasms treated with vigabatrin presented for surveillance MRI for multiple brain hamartomatous lesions and subependymal nodules. MRI showed new restricted diffusion to bilateral thalami and globi pallidi. This finding was concerning for bilateral thalamic strokes, with differential to include infection, metabolic etiologies, or toxic injuries. Without focal or diffuse neurologic symptoms or additional MRI lesions to suggest an acute or chronic pathology, it was determined the MRI signal changes were likely induced by vigabatrin...