Introspection

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by restricted interests and difficulty with social communication. ASD is characterized by heightened neuroinflammation and irregular neuronal connections. ASD is more frequent in male than female with male-female ratio of around 4:1. ASD affects 2.8% or 1 in 36 8-year-olds, based on the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Various factors like Environmental, Genetic, Epigenetic and Developmental factors are linked with genesis of ASD...

Forty years ago, Gallup proposed that theory of mind presupposes self-awareness. Following Humphrey, his hypothesis was that individuals can infer the mental states of others thanks to the ability to monitor their own mental states in similar circumstances. Since then, advances in several disciplines, such as comparative and developmental psychology, have provided empirical evidence to test Gallup's hypothesis. Herein, we review and discuss this evidence.

With the acceleration of China's economic integration process, enterprises have gained greater advantages in the fierce market competition, and gradually formed the trend of grouping and large-scale. However, as the scale of the company increases, the establishment of a branch also causes many problems. For example, in order to obtain more benefits, the business performance of the company can generate false growth, resulting in financial and operational risks. This paper analyzed the current situation and needs of enterprise financial control from two aspects of theory and practice, combined with specific engineering projects, taking ZH Group as an example, according to the actual situation of the enterprise...

In North America, LGBTQ+ youth have high rates of cannabis use and face mental health issues. We conducted a photovoice study to describe the perspectives, needs, and motivations of forty-six LGBTQ+ youth who use cannabis as they access mental healthcare services. Participants' photographs were discussed in individual semi-structured interviews conducted by peer researchers. Following a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts, we first found that, beyond medication, LGBTQ+ youth sought mental health services facilitating introspection to better understand their sexual and gender identities and mental health...

BACKGROUND: The main contribution of this article is establishing a set of behaviors and successful actions experimenting the Ipacs' (Institutional & Public Coaching Services) methodology on implementation of the National Recovery Plan (NRP), approved in Italy in 2021 to overcome the socio-economic impact of the pandemic. This research is aimed at pointing out emotional intelligence (EI) behaviors related to the activities of the NRP with respect to the National Health System (NHS)...

The state of confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the quality of life of the general population. This study aims to define and contrast an explanatory model of the quality of life in adults and to analyze the relationships between these variables based on the state of confinement and sex. A total of 872 people from Chile aged between 17 and 50 (M = 21.70 years; SD= 3.272), of both sexes (60.90% male and 39.1% female) participated in this research, of whom 46.6% were not confined when tested and 53...

Mentoring literature explores the dark side of mentoring as factors such as gender and race and how they affect the overall mentoring experience. The sociocultural context of the nursing and midwifery professions presents unique characteristics warranting a qualitative exploration of negative mentoring experiences. We aimed to characterise the dark side of mentoring based on informal mentoring relationships occurring among nurses and midwives working in hospitals. Utilising semistructured interviews in a qualitative descriptive design and reflexive thematic analysis, we examined the perceptions of 35 nurses and midwives from three public hospitals located in the Western, Northern and North-western regions of Uganda...

BACKGROUND: The transportation system plays a crucial role in the context of socioeconomic development, whereas the highway infrastructure acts as a base for the transportation system. In recent years, a rich impetus has been given to the development of road infrastructure by Indian governance. There is a need to introspect how well the prevailing highway infrastructure is equipped with emergency rescue management during road accidents. Lack of ambulance service and trauma facilities along the highways results in a steady loss of lives and injuries and increases people's exposure to risks...

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BACKGROUND: The quality of the therapeutic relationship is pivotal in determining psychotherapy outcomes. However, facilitating patients' self-awareness, reflection on, and sharing of their affective responses toward their therapist remains underexplored as a potential tool for enhancing this relationship and subsequent treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to examine whether and how the patients' regular self-monitoring and self-reflection (fostered by the systematic compilation of a brief postsession battery) on their affective reactions toward the psychotherapist impact the quality of the therapeutic relationship and treatment outcomes in individual psychotherapy...

PROBLEM: All trainees, especially those from historically minoritized backgrounds, experience stresses that may reduce their continuation in science, technology, engineering, math, and medicine (STEMM) careers. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine is one of ∼45 institutions with a National Institutes of Health funded Postbaccalaureate Research Education Program (PREP) that provides mentoring and a year of fulltime research to prepare students from historically excluded groups for graduate school...

People with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders have difficulty accurately estimating their abilities and skills (impaired introspective accuracy [IA]) and tend to over- or underestimate their performance. This discrepancy between self-reported and objective task performance has been identified as a significant predictor of functional impairment. Yet, the factors driving this discrepancy are currently unclear. To date, the relationships between sleep quality and IA have not been examined. The current study aimed to explore the relationships between sleep quality and IA in participants diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 36), schizoaffective disorder (SCZ-A; n = 55), and bipolar disorder with psychotic features (BP; n = 87)...

There are two basic aspects of attentional control. The ability to direct attention toward different objects is typically experienced as a fundamental indicator of attentional freedom. One can control what one attends to and directing attention is a relatively simple task. In contrast, sustaining attention on a chosen object proves to be difficult as mind-wandering seems to be inevitable. Does the problem of sustaining attention, mean that we are fundamentally unfree? We discuss this issue in light of an introspective study of directing and sustaining attention, looking specifically into the question of whether it is possible to experience the source of attention, i...

BACKGROUND: Computer-based assessment for sampling personal characteristics (Casper), an online situational judgement test, is a broad measure of personal and professional qualities. We examined the impact of Casper in the residency selection process on professionalism concerns, learning interventions and resource utilization at an institution. METHODS: In 2022, admissions data and information in the files of residents in difficulty (over three years pre- and post- Casper implementation) was used to determine the number of residents in difficulty, CanMEDS roles requiring a learning intervention, types of learning interventions (informal learning plans vs...

Results from paradigms like change blindness and inattentional blindness indicate that observers are unaware of numerous aspects of the visual world. However, intuition suggests that perceptual experience is richer than these results indicate. Why does it feel like we see so much when the data suggests we see so little? One possibility stems from the fact that experimental studies always present observers with stimuli that they have never seen before. Meanwhile, when forming intuitions about perceptual experience, observers reflect on their experiences with scenes with which they are highly familiar (e...

BACKGROUND: The skill of reflective writing and emotional drivers of behavior is enhanced by boosting the awareness of one's feelings and emotions. Individuals having characteristic activity of reflection have more emotional quotient (EQ). EQ has more significance than intelligence quotient in personal and professional life. This study is conducted to analyze the impact of reflective writing skills on components of EQ among first-year MBBS students and to find out the impact of reflective writing between components of EQ and different levels of reflective writing skills among first-year MBBS students...

INTRODUCTION: Insufficient introspection as part of the 4I's model of medical professionalism (introspection, integrity, interaction, and involvement) is considered an important impediment in trainees. How insufficient introspection relates to decisions to terminate residency training remains unclear. Insights into this subject provide opportunities to improve the training of medical professionals. METHODS: We analysed the Dutch Conciliation Board decisions regarding residents dismissed from training between 2011 and 2020...

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN), a large subgroup of individuals does not profit optimally from treatment. Perfectionism has been found to be a risk factor predicting the onset, severity, and duration of AN episodes. To date, perfectionism has been studied predominantly by the use of self-report questionnaires, a useful approach that may, however, be impacted by demand characteristics, or other distortions of introspective or metacognitive access...

Fumaric acid esters (FAEs) remain a widespread therapy option for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. However, drug survival of FAEs is limited by adverse events (AEs) or inadequate treatment response. Depressive disturbances are highly prevalent in psoriasis patients and are hypothesized to be associated with the reporting of AEs and therapy discontinuation. This study's aim was to analyze whether psoriasis patients with comorbid depressive symptomatology are more likely to discontinue treatment with FAEs due to AEs and/or inadequate treatment response...

Heartfulness meditation (HM) trains the practitioner's attention as they progress towards reaching a super-conscious state. The process is supported by guided "Heartfulness cleaning," which helps clear the mind. This study aimed to examine the short-term effects of HM on affect and cognition and determine whether performing Heartfulness cleaning beforehand influenced the meditation outcome. Forty-eight experienced meditators (age range: 19-71 years and a male-to-female ratio: 27:21) were randomly assigned to 3 sessions: (i) HM, (ii) Heartfulness meditation preceded by cleaning, and (iii) quiet rest as a control...