Sputum cytology

Bronchogenic carcinoma comprises >90% of primary lung tumors. The present study aimed to estimate the profile of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma and assess the cancer resectability in newly diagnosed patients. This is a single-center retrospective review conducted over a period of 5 years. A total of 800 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma were included. The diagnoses were mostly proven with either cytological examination or histopathological diagnosis. Sputum analysis, cytological examination of pleural effusion and bronchoscopic examination were performed...

Paragonimiasis is a zoonosis caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked crustaceans parasitized with metacercaria of Paragonimus spp . In Peru, Cajamarca is considered an endemic region for paragonimiasis. A 29-year-old man from the department of San Martín, Peru presented with a three-year history of cough, chest pain, fever, and hemoptysis. Treatment for tuberculosis (TB) was initiated even with negative results for sputum acid-fast bacillus (AFB), due to the patient's clinical characteristics and the high prevalence of the condition in the region...

Actinomycosis often leads to cervicofacial infections, but thoracic involvement may also occur. However, the development of empyema is rare. While being followed up with the diagnosis of asthma and bronchiectasis, our case was hospitalized for infected bronchiectasis. As empyema developed in the follow-up, the pleural effusion was drained by tube thoracostomy. Actinomycosis was diagnosed through pleural effusion cytology. Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed in sputum culture, and SARS-CoV2 RT-PCR was also positive in nasopharyngeal sampling...

BACKGROUND: Recently, deaths due to mucormycosis in immunocompromised hosts have increased; however, the clinical and pathological features of mucormycosis are not fully understood, especially in view of the associated high mortality and rare incidence in immunocompetent patients. CASE PRESENTATION: We have described a rare autopsy case of a 67-year-old Japanese man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who contracted mucormycosis. He had not been on any immunosuppressants, and his immune functions were intact...

UNLABELLED: A 56-year-old man presented with fever, cough, and bloody sputum. He had undergone mitral valve replacement with mechanical prosthesis 14 months prior for mitral valve disease. Subsequently, the patient was taking warfarin and amiodarone. Chest imaging revealed dense, infiltrative shadows, and blood tests showed prolonged prothrombin time and eosinophilia. Warfarin was withdrawn, and antibiotics were started, but bloody sputum and respiratory failure persisted. Considering that eosinophilia was observed after the administration of amiodarone, the drug was discontinued, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed...

This observational case-control study analyzed the clinical, functional, inflammatory profile, and treatment data of a cohort of patients with asthma who were followed up at the outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital.Patients who visited the clinic between January 2008 and February 2020 and diagnosed with asthma according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria were included in the study. Patients were broadly classified into two groups: age <60 or age ≥60 years. The patients were evaluated for asthma control and severity, medications used, comorbidities, smoking status, occurrence of exacerbation, spirometry at the first and last visits, sputum cytology, allergic prick test, and inflammatory cytokine levels...

Diagnosing EPTB is difficult as various clinical presentations are seen with paucibacillary nature of the disease. Maurya AK et al. (J Postgrad Med 58(3):185-189) AFB smear hasn't been much effective in diagnosing of EPTB. Tuberculosis of head and neck diagnosis can be missed due to large number of smear negative cases, leading false negative cases increase. CBNAAT is cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test which detects the presence of TB bacilli this study we have examined the effectiveness of CBNAAT for diagnosing EPTB with cervical lymphadenitis and compared with Sputum AFB Microscopy smear...

The aim of this study was to increase awareness of the different presentations of head and neck tuberculosis (TB) and to discuss its diagnostic difficulties. A prospective study of patients who presented to us, at a tertiary referral hospital, primarily with TB of head and neck was done from September 2014 to August 2016. Patients were categarised into proper category of Anti Tuberculous Treatment (ATT) and were treated according to ATT regimen. All patients were followed up at 2 months and 6 months after starting ATT...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LC) screening improves LC survival; the best screening method in terms of improving survival is low-dose CT (LDCT), outpacing chest X-ray and sputum cytology. METHODS: A consensus of experts in Argentina was carried out to review the literature and generate recommendations for LC screening programmes. A mixed-method study was used with three phases: (1) review of the literature; (2) modified Delphi consensus panel; and (3) development of the recommendations...

AIM: To compare multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) imaging findings in gastrointestinal (GI) tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE: To study imaging findings of MDCT and DECT in GI tuberculosis. METHODOLOGY: All the patients falling in the sampling frame and fulfilling the eligibility criteria were clinically examined and demographic details, presenting complaints, medical history, history of anti-tubercular treatment (ATT) intake, personal habits, and family history of tuberculosis were noted...

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate the relationship between induced sputum eosinophilia and pulmonary functions in ex-smoker asthma patients controlled with an ICS/LABA therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Asthma patients who are known to use ICS/LABA regularly for at least three months, without an attack in the last month, quit smoking (5-20 pack-years) and have asthma under control (ACT> 20), and concurrent with induced sputum cytology who had spirometry and lung volume measurements were included in the study...

INTRODUCTION: In 2020, the World Health Organization-International Agency for Research on Cancer/International Academy of Cytology (WHO-IARC IAC) joint project was commenced to develop standardized nomenclature and diagnostic criteria in cytopathology internationally. Our institution has been coding all respiratory cytological specimens in a similar fashion for over 10 years. Our aim was to analyse the effectiveness of our respiratory cytology coding system by calculating the estimated risk of malignancy (ROM) and rates of each diagnostic category...

Background: Because of the pauci bacillary nature of childhood tuberculosis and the difficulties in obtaining proper sputum samples from young children, diagnosing childhood tuberculosis (TB) is difficult. Childhood TB needs early identification and care since it advances swiftly to more advanced stages. This study was aimed to determine the patterns of all forms of childhood tuberculosis diagnosis at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Hawassa, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1, 2017 to January 30, 2021 among 175 children diagnosed and treated for tuberculosis in the pediatric ward...

Cryptococcosis is an invasive yeast infection commonly found among immunosuppressed patients. Pulmonary cryptococcal infection can have variable presentations ranging from pulmonary nodules and masses to consolidation. A patient can present with shortness of breath, cough, sputum production, chest pain, fatigue, and weight loss. Diagnosis can be made using fungal culture, histology, radiographic findings, and cryptococcal antigen in serum as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment is usually with a combination or a single antifungal agent...

Background: The Continuous Quality Improvement program for cytopathology in 2020 was completed during the coronavirus pandemic. In this study, we report the result of the quality improvement program. Methods: Data related to cytopathology practice from each institute were collected and processed at the web-based portal. The proficiency test was conducted using glass slides and whole-slide images (WSIs). Evaluation of the adequacy of gynecology (GYN) slides from each institution and submission of case glass slides and WSIs for the next quality improvement program were performed...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of cough-reflex sensitivity and airway inflammation in patients with sinobronchial syndrome (SBS). METHODS: 39 patients with SBS, 53 patients with upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) induced by rhinitis, 33 patients with chronic sinusitis without cough, and 39 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled between January 2013 and December 2018. All participants underwent a capsaicin cough-sensitivity test and cytology of induced sputum...

BACKGROUND: Sputum cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been confirmed to be a valued surrogate sample for detection of EGFR mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). Whether it is suitable for detection of mutations of multiple driver genes has not been reported. METHODS: A total of 83 patients with LAC were enrolled and their sputum and paired tumor samples were collected. A next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based 10-gene panel was used to test sputum supernatant-derived cfDNA and paired tumor DNA...

BACKGROUND: The absence of diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) concerns 20% of cancer patients and is associated with poorer outcomes. Diffuse pneumonic-type adenocarcinoma (P-ADC) is part of these difficult-to-diagnose ARDS, but only limited data are available regarding critically ill patients with diffuse P-ADC. We sought to describe the diagnosis process and the prognosis of P-ADC related ARDS patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: Single-center observational case series study...

BACKGROUND: Identification of eosinophilic asthma (EA) using sputum analysis is important for disease monitoring and individualized treatment. But it is laborious and technically demanding. We aimed to develop and validate an effective model to predict EA with multidimensional assessment (MDA). METHODS: The asthma patients who underwent a successful sputum induction cytological analysis were consecutively recruited from March 2014 to January 2021. The variables assessed by MDA were screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression to develop a nomogram and an online web calculator...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in the world, however lung cancer screening has not been implemented in most countries at a population level. A previous Cochrane Review found limited evidence for the effectiveness of lung cancer screening with chest radiography (CXR) or sputum cytology in reducing lung cancer-related mortality, however there has been increasing evidence supporting screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT).  OBJECTIVES: To determine whether screening for lung cancer using LDCT of the chest reduces lung cancer-related mortality and to evaluate the possible harms of LDCT screening...