Bone marrow aspiration

OBJECTIVE: To compare the bone healing effects of percutaneously delivered bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMC) versus reamer irrigator aspirator (RIA) suspension in a validated preclinical canine ulnar nonunion model. We hypothesized that BMC would be superior to RIA in inducing bone formation across a nonunion site after percutaneous application. The null hypothesis was that BMC and RIA would be equivalent. METHODS: A bilateral ulnar nonunion model (n= 6; 3 matched pairs) was created...

This study aims to investigate the ability of bone marrow imaging using third-generation dual-energy computed tomography (CT) virtual noncalcium (VNCa) to differentiate between multiple myeloma (MM) with diffuse bone marrow infiltration and red bone marrow (RBM). Bone marrow aspiration or follow-up results were used as reference. We retrospectively reviewed 188 regions of interests (ROIs) from 21 patients with confirmed MM and diffuse bone marrow infiltrations who underwent VNCa bone marrow imaging between May 2019 and September 2022...

With an aging population, and an anticipated increase in overall fracture incidence, a sound understanding of bone healing and how technology can optimize this process is crucial. Concentrated bone marrow aspirate (cBMA) is a technology that capitalizes on skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) to enhance the regenerative capacity of bone. This overview highlights the science behind cBMA, discusses the role of SSPCs in bone homeostasis and fracture repair, and briefly details the clinical evidence supporting the use of cBMA in fracture healing...

BACKGROUND: We discuss a case of an immunocompetent patient who presented with fever and tachypnoea, found to have Candida parapsilosis bone marrow infection, cultured on bone marrow aspirate sample. Candida parapsilosis is an opportunistic yeast pathogen that typically affects immunocompromised individuals, or occurs in patients with apparent introduced source; neither of these factors were present for this case. Bone marrow aspirates and trephines are not regular investigations for fever; however they can be useful diagnostic aids as evidenced in this case...

Density gradient centrifugation is a conventional technique widely utilized to isolate bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) from bone marrow (BM) aspirates obtained from pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients. Nevertheless, this technique achieves incomplete recovery of mononuclear cells and is relatively time-consuming and expensive. Given that B-ALL is the most common childhood malignancy, alternative methods for processing B-ALL samples may be more cost-effective. In this pilot study, we use several readouts, including immune phenotype, cell viability, and leukemia-initiating capacity in immune-deficient mice, to directly compare the density gradient centrifugation and buffy coat processing methods...

BACKGROUND: The current bone marrow (BM) reference intervals (RI) are based on a limited number of cats. Age-related changes in BM variables might be important, possibly affecting the interpretation of the results. OBJECTIVES: Establish BM cytologic reference intervals (RIs) and association of age and sex on these findings, in healthy juvenile and young adult cats. METHODS: BM aspirates of cats deemed healthy based on history and clinical, CBC, serum chemistry findings, and negative retrovirus serology were obtained and examined cytologically...

Plasmablastic myeloma (PBM) is an uncommon and aggressive morphologic variant of multiple myeloma (MM). The neoplastic immature cells exhibit diverse morphology, posing a diagnostic challenge. The diagnostic criteria for PBM include the identification of ≥ 2% plasmablasts in the bone marrow aspirate. This case describes the incidental finding of a light-chain multiple myeloma (LCMM) transformed into PBM, a phenomenon not previously reported.

We present a case of a 43-year-old immunocompromised female patient diagnosed with disseminated histoplasmosis on bone marrow examination, at clinical laboratory of Kasturba Hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India. The patient, presenting with symptoms like weight loss, appetite loss, and pancytopenia, underwent bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The bone marrow studies revealed HIV-associated changes and the yeast form of Histoplasma capsulatum , confirming disseminated histoplasmosis. Bone marrow examination is highlighted as a diagnostic tool with significant sensitivity in such cases...

Bone Marrow Stimulation of osteochondral lesions of the talus has been shown to be a successful way to treat cartilage injuries. Newer data suggest that Bone Marrow Stimulation is best reserved for osteochondral lesions of the talus Sizes Less Than 107.4 mm2 in area. Additionally, newer smaller and deeper techniques to perform bone marrow stimulation have resulted in less subchondral bone damage, less cancellous compaction, and superior bone marrow access with multiple trabecular access channels. Biologic adjuvants such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid (HA), and bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) may lead to better functional outcomes when used concomitant to bone marrow stimulation...

Bone marrow metastases-noted in 6% of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma-have been linked to very poor outcomes. Bilateral bone marrow sampling from iliac crests has been the gold standard for bone marrow examination in rhabdomyosarcoma, but sampling errors due to patchy bone marrow involvement may limit its sensitivity. Here, we report the case of a 6-year-old boy with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the skull base and multiple 2-[18 F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-[18 F]FDG)-avid bone marrow metastases visualized by positron emission tomography and computed tomography (2-[18 F]FDG PET/CT)...

Maintenance chemotherapy is a standard treatment in patients with non-progressive advance staged IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer after induction therapy. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old man undergoing a maintenance monotherapy with pemetrexed who presented prolonged pancytopenia despite filgrastim injections. A bone marrow aspiration revealed a macrophage activation syndrome with Leishmania amastigotes. A Polymerase Chest Reaction testing confirmed the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis...

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) with ring sideroblasts (RS) are diagnosed via bone marrow aspiration in the presence of either (i) ≥15% RS or (ii) 5-14% RS and an SF3B1 mutation. In the MEDALIST trial and in an interim analysis of the COMMANDS trial, lower-risk MDS-RS patients had decreased transfusion dependency with luspatercept treatment. A total of 6817 patients with suspected hematologic malignancies underwent molecular testing using a next-generation-sequencing-based genetic assay and 395 MDS patients, seen at our centre from 1 January 2018 to 31 May 2023, were reviewed...

BACKGROUND: Flow cytometry has been widely used to study immunophenotypic patterns of maturation of most hematopoietic lineages in normal human bone marrow aspirates, thus allowing identification of changes in patterns in many myeloid malignancies. Eosinophils play an important role in a wide variety of disorders, including some myeloid neoplasms. However, changes in flow cytometric immunophenotypic patterns during normal and abnormal bone marrow eosinophilopoiesis have not been well studied...

Gold standard for the establishment of the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are cytomorphological features of hematopoietic cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirates. There is increasing evidence that bone marrow histomorphology not only aids in the diagnosis of MDS but can provide additional prognostic information, particularly through assessment of fibrosis and cellularity. However, there is only sparse data on direct comparison between histological and cytomorphological findings within the same MDS patient cohort...

Care must be taken to mitigate the effect of cognitive bias in times of frequent common presentations. The etiology of bicytopenias and pancytopenias must always be carefully investigated. Blast cells in low count B ALL may not be seen on a peripheral smear and diagnosis often requires confirmational bone marrow aspirate with flow cytometry and molecular typing.

SUMMARY: A 48-year-old Asian male, presented to the hospital for an elective total thyroidectomy in the context of 6.3 cm thyroid nodule. The fine needle aspiration cytology of the nodule confirmed papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) with some atypical histiocytes. He has a history of idiopathic arginine vasopressin deficiency (AVP-D) and has been taking oral DDAVP 100 µg daily, self-adjusting the dose based on thirst and polyuria. Additionally, he also has a history of recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax...

Mycosis fugnoides (MF) is an indolent cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTLC) and is the most common of all cutaneous lymphomas. An increased risk for developing a second primary malignancy in patients with CTCL has been described in several studies, with a range from 1.04 to 2.4 (1-4). Caucasian males are at higher risk for MF development. MF is often diagnosed at ages between 55 and 67 years, and second malignancy usually occurs 5 or 6 years after the diagnosis of MF was established (5). The most common second primary malignancies include non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), lung carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, and melanoma...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening hematological disorder of immune dysregulation associated with significant challenges in diagnosis and management. Described as primary HLH secondary to genetic defects or more commonly secondary to infections, it can also occur secondary to malignancy, i.e., malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (M-HLH). A five-year-old male child presented with left cervical adenopathy and a high-spiking fever for two weeks. He had pallor, anasarca, multiple enlarged and matted cervical lymph nodes, respiratory distress, and hepatomegaly...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, life-threatening condition due to extensive and uncontrolled immune activation. There is sparse literature on HLH in kidney transplant recipients. We report a case of a 27-year -old male kidney transplant recipient who presented with dengue fever and acute allograft dysfunction. Following improvement in allograft function with supportive treatment, he was found to have worsening pancytopenia with unusually high serum ferritin levels. Bone marrow aspiration performed for pancytopenia revealed hemophagocytosis...

The clinical value of serial routine bone marrow aspirates (rBMAs) in the first year after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) to detect or predict relapse of acute leukemia (AL) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in pediatric and young adult patients is unclear. The purpose of this analysis was to determine if assessment of minimal residual disease (MRD) by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC, MFC-MRD) or donor chimerism (DC) in rBMAs or serial complete blood counts (CBCs) done in the year after alloHCT predicted relapse of AL or MDS in pediatric and young adult patients...