4 Step Approach

We present a nickel-catalyzed regioselective radical diacylation of allenes with ketoacids to produce 1,4-dione products by dual photoredox and nickel catalysis. This integrated approach merges redox-active oxidative addition and reductive elimination steps with migratory insertion. The acyl radical generated in the photoredox cycle sequentially adds to Ni(I) and Ni(II) intermediates following a Ni(I)-Ni(II)-Ni(II)-Ni(III)-Ni(I) catalytic cycle. This methodology, supported by DFT calculations, demonstrates the potential of nickel catalysis in the creation of complex molecular architectures...

Herein, we report a viable protocol to access furo[3,2- c ]chromen-4-ones by engaging easily accessible 4-hydroxy coumarins as a three-atom CCO unit and thioamides as a C2 coupling partner, mediated by phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) at room temperature in a highly efficient and pot-/step-economical manner. This strategy not only avoids potential toxicity and tiresome workup conditions, but also features operational simplicity, a broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, high yields, easy scalability and exclusive selectivity...

PURPOSE: Although early identification of pediatric hearing loss is crucial, a formal online training course has not been freely accessible to a global audience. In response, we created a novel course for health professionals worldwide. METHOD: Course development occurred from February 2019 to May 2020. Seventeen multidisciplinary experts provided video lectures and demonstrations, including a tour of ear anatomy, operating footage of cochlear implant insertion, and demonstrations of children undergoing hearing testing...

Introduction Non-surgical retreatment is seen as a conservative choice for dealing with recurrent infections, instead of opting for periapical surgery. The retreatment processes should be promptly and efficiently carried out, utilizing a suitable armamentarium. The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the quantity of root dentin that remains following the removal of gutta-percha (GP) from the root canal employing two distinct retreatment files. Materials and methods Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected for the examination...

In India, around 234 million adults (one in three) suffer from hypertension (HTN). An average of 10% of these cases are likely to be resistant hypertension (RH). This load of 23 million patients is expected to expand further with revisions in diagnostic criteria. The treatment and control rates of hypertension in India average around 30% and 15%, respectively. Pharmacological management involves a stepwise approach starting with optimizing the A-C-D (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers (CCBs), and thiazide-like diuretics) triple-drug combination, followed by substitution with a thiazide-like diuretic and use of spironolactone as a next step (fourth drug)...

INTRODUCTION: The loose-patch clamp technique was first developed and used in native amphibian skeletal muscle (SkM), offering useful features complementing conventional sharp micro-electrode, gap, or conventional patch voltage clamping. It demonstrated the feedback effects of pharmacological modification of ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated Ca2+ release on the Na+ channel (Nav1.4) currents, initiating excitation-contraction coupling in native murine SkM. The effects of the further RyR and Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) antagonists, dantrolene and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), additionally implicated background tubular-sarcoplasmic Ca2+ domains in these actions...

BACKGROUND: Pharmacokinetic studies are pivotal in drug development, focusing on absorption, distribution, and excretion of active compounds. Effective sample preparation methods play a crucial role in these studies. Traditional techniques like protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction often involve toxic solvents and are time-consuming. Recently, deep eutectic solvent (DES) has emerged as an eco-friendly alternative due to its high efficiency, low cost, and low toxicity. This study introduces a novel sample pretreatment method using CO2 -switchable DES in liquid-liquid microextraction (LLME) to enhance speed, accuracy, and sensitivity in complex biological samples analysis...

BACKGROUND: The increase in anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere since the industrial revolution has resulted in an increased uptake of CO2 by the oceans, leading to ocean acidification. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) is one of the key variables to characterize the seawater carbonate system. High quality DIC observations at a high spatial-temporal resolution is required to improve our understanding of the marine carbonate system. To meet the requirements, autonomous DIC analyzers are needed which offer a high sampling frequency, are cost-effective and have a low reagent and power consumption...

IMPORTANCE: Injectable extended-release (XR)-naltrexone is an effective treatment option for opioid use disorder (OUD), but the need to withdraw patients from opioid treatment prior to initiation is a barrier to implementation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of the standard procedure (SP) with the rapid procedure (RP) for XR-naltrexone initiation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Surmounting Withdrawal to Initiate Fast Treatment with Naltrexone study was an optimized stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial conducted at 6 community-based inpatient addiction treatment units...

Rapid assembly of quinoxalines in a single step from readily available precursors has been recognized as an ideal platform in terms of efficiency and operation. Herein, we report a BPO-promoted metal-free approach to 2-acyl quinoxalines from enaminones and o -phenylenediamines via cascade transamination and C-H amination. This methodology demonstrates excellent compatibility with various substrates, including o -hydroxy enaminones, drug derivatives and natural products under mild reaction conditions.

BACKGROUND: Hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) is a treatment approach that combines the benefits of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) techniques such as minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) or minimally invasive multivessel CABG (MICS-CABG) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for carefully selected patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MV CAD). The extant body of research primarily concentrates on the comparison of outcomes between HCR and CABG or PCI...

In 2017 integrated sampling and sample preparation for simplified liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of proteins from dried blood spots were introduced. The concept, called smart samplers or smart sampling, enables proteolysis or affinity clean-up, two common sample preparation steps in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric bioanalysis of proteins, to start at the moment of sampling. The idea is to utilize the time for sampling and drying to perform these time-consuming and labour-intensive steps...

An excavation conducted at Harewood Cemetery to identify the unmarked grave of Samuel Washington resulted in the discovery of burials presumably belonging to George Washington's paternal grandnephews and their mother, Lucy Payne. To confirm their identities this study examined Y-chromosomal, mitochondrial, and autosomal DNA from the burials and a living Washington descendant. The burial's Y-STR profile was compared to FamilyTreeDNA's database, which resulted in a one-step difference from the living descendant and an exact match to another Washington...

Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a very complex and highly challenging operation for surgeons worldwide. It is the surgical procedure of choice for the management of benign and malignant diseases of the periampullary region. Although mortality rate following this complicated surgery has fallen to 1-3%, morbidity rate following PD remains high, with almost 30-40% of patients developing at least one complication. Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is one of the most common complications following PD. Therefore, Pancreatico-enteric anastomosis has been regarded as the "Achilles heel" of the modern, one-stage PD procedure...

BACKGROUND: Thermal stress in subtropical regions is a major limiting factor in beef cattle production systems with around $369 million being lost annually due to reduced performance. Heat stress causes numerous physiological and behavioral disturbances including reduced feed intake and decreased production levels. Cattle utilize various physiological mechanisms such as sweating to regulate internal heat. Variation in these traits can help identify genetic variants that control sweat gland properties and subsequently allow for genetic selection of cattle with greater thermotolerance...

BACKGROUND: Considering the significance of care delegation in enhancing the quality of nursing care and ensuring patient safety, it is imperative to explore nurses' experiences in this domain. As such, this study aimed to explore the experiences of Iranian nurses regarding the delegation of care. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted between 2022 and 2023, employing the content analysis method with a conventional approach. The study utilized purposeful sampling method to select qualified participants...

Reliable and comprehensive predictive tools for the frictional pressure drop (FPD) are of particular importance for systems involving two-phase flow condensation. However, the available models are only applicable to specific operating conditions and channel sizes. Thus, this study aims at developing universal models to estimate the FPD during condensation inside smooth mini/micro and conventional (macro) channels. An extensive databank, comprising 8037 experimental samples and 23 working fluids from 50 reliable sources, was prepared to achieve this target...

INTRODUCTION: Although COPD may frequently co-exist with bronchiectasis [COPD-bronchiectasis associated (CBA)], little is known regarding the clinical heterogeneity. We aimed to identify the phenotypes and compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis of CBA. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 2928 bronchiectasis patients, 5158 COPD patients, and 1219 patients with CBA hospitalized between July 2017 and December 2020. We phenotyped CBA with a two-step clustering approach and validated in an independent retrospective cohort with decision-tree algorithms...

The lack of individual pure standard has hampered the application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for multi-component antibiotics in clinical laboratories. Here, we aimed to develop an integrated identification-quantification (ID-Quant) workflow based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) to enable the comprehensive determination of all teicoplanin components without needing pure standards. The workflow comprises three steps...

A functionalization process has been developed and the experimental conditions optimized allowing the immobilization of first-row transition metal (M n + ) containing polyoxometalates (POMs) with the formula [M(H2 O)P2 W17 O61 ](10- n )- on transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes for electrochromic applications. Both flat ITO grafted with 4-sulfophenyl moieties and sulfonate-functionalized vertically oriented silica films on ITO have been used as electrode supports to evaluate possible confinement effects provided by the mesoporous matrix on the stability of the modified surfaces and their electrochromic properties...