Hepatology, HIV,

BACKGROUND: The low prevalence of HDV infection in the United States could be attributed to insufficient testing rate, which can result in an underestimation of the true burden of HDV. The primary objective of this study is to quantify the prevalence of and factors associated with HDV antibody (anti-HDV) or RNA testing, among participants with positive HBsAg in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of participants who tested positive for HBsAg between January 2000 and December 2022 within the VHA...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Food insecurity (FI) is a risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and advanced fibrosis in the general population, but its impact on liver disease in people with HIV (PWH) is unknown. METHODS: We examined the association of FI with prevalence of NAFLD and fibrosis in a diverse cohort of PWH. PWH aged ≥18 years on antiretroviral therapy, HIV RNA<200 copies/mL, and without other known liver diseases were screened for NAFLD (CAP≥263 decibels/meter) and advanced fibrosis (LSM≥11 kilopascals) by vibration controlled transient elastography at eight US centers...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a growing public health issue in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). However, the pathophysiology of MAFLD is still unknown, and the role of genetic variables is only now becoming evident. AIM: To evaluate the associations of gene-polymorphism-related MAFLD in PLWH. METHODS: The study employed transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter ≥ 248 dB/m to identify MAFLD in patients from a Super Tertiary Hospital in central Thailand...

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Chronic viral hepatitis B (CHB)-infected patients occasionally develop cirrhosis despite having persistent viral suppression with antiviral therapy. We aimed to identify risk factors for developing cirrhosis in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-suppressed patients. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study involving 120 noncirrhotic CHB-infected patients achieving viral suppression with antiviral treatment, with 40 cases developing cirrhosis and 80 age-, sex-, and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4)-matched controls...

PURPOSE: Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of mortality in children living in developing countries. The etiology of acute diarrhea in each healthcare center varies depending on place, time, and population. This study aimed to identify pathogen patterns in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and non-HIV children suffering from acute diarrhea, using multiplex real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in an Indonesian tertiary hospital. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Transient elastography (TE), shear-wave elastography (SWE), and/or magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), each providing liver stiffness measurement (LSM), are the most studied imaging-based noninvasive liver disease assessment (NILDA) techniques. To support the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines on NILDA, we summarized the evidence on the accuracy of these LSM methods to stage liver fibrosis (F). APPROACH AND RESULTS: A comprehensive search for studies assessing LSM by TE, SWE, or MRE for the identification of significant fibrosis (F2-4), advanced fibrosis (F3-4), or cirrhosis (F4), utilizing histopathology as standard of reference by liver disease etiology in adults or children from inception to April 2022 was performed...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Blood-based biomarkers have been proposed as an alternative to liver biopsy for non-invasive liver disease assessment (NILDA) in chronic liver disease (CLD). Our aims for this systematic review were to evaluate the diagnostic utility of selected blood-based tests either alone, or in combination, for identifying significant fibrosis (F2-4), advanced fibrosis (F3-4) and cirrhosis (F4), as compared to biopsy in CLD. APPROACH AND RESULTS: We included a comprehensive search of databases including Ovid MEDLINE(R), EMBASE, Cochrane Database, and Scopus through to April 2022...

BACKGROUND: People living with hepatitis C infection (HCV) have a significant impact on the global healthcare system, with high rates of inpatient service use. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have the potential to alleviate this burden; however, the evidence on the impact of HCV infection and hospital outcomes is undetermined. This systematic review aims to assess this research gap, including how DAAs may modify the relationship between HCV infection and hospital-related outcomes. METHODS: We searched five databases up to August 2022 to identify relevant studies evaluating the impact of HCV infection on hospital-related outcomes...

Eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the population of women of reproductive age is important not only for the health of women themselves but also for the health of newborns. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of this goal by analysing the effectiveness of contemporary therapy in a large cohort from everyday clinical practice along with identifying factors reducing therapeutic success. The analysed population consisted of 7861 patients, including 3388 women aged 15-49, treated in 2015-2022 in 26 hepatology centres...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: We assessed long-term clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for liver disease progression after sustained viral response (SVR) with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in HIV/HCV coinfected patients with advanced fibrosis (AdF) or cirrhosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS: A total of 1,300 patients who achieved SVR with DAAs from 2014 to 2017 in Spain were included: 1145 with chronically advanced liver disease (cACLD) (384 AdF and 761 compensated cirrhosis [CoC]) and 155 with decompensated cirrhosis (DeC)...

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the evolution of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the presence of renal tubular dysfunction during the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and to determine the risk factors involved. METHODS: Retrospective cohort observational study of adults with chronic hepatitis B. Exclusion: hepatitis C virus-HBV coinfection, diabetes, baseline GFR less than 60 ml/min. Measurements of serum and urinary creatinine and phosphate; urinary albumin, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were performed...

The WHO African region bears a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality related to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and accounts for an estimated 70% of new HBV infections worldwide. We investigated the extent to which HBV clinical trials represented populations in this region by searching the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov for interventional clinical trials published in English between database inception and May 29, 2023, using the search term "Hepatitis B"...

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have delivered high response rates (>95%) and simplified the management of HCV treatment, permitting non-specialists to manage patients without advanced liver disease. We collected and reviewed global data on the registration and reimbursement (government subsidised) of HCV therapies, including restrictions on reimbursement. Primary data collection occurred between Nov 15, 2021, and July 24, 2023, through the assistance of a global network of 166 HCV experts...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection coinfected with HIV experience accelerated progression of liver fibrosis compared to those with HBV mono-infection. We hypothesize that HIV and its proteins promote HBV-induced liver fibrosis in HIV/HBV coinfected cell culture models through HIF-1α and TGF-β1 signaling. METHODS: The HBV positive supernatant, purified HBV viral particles, HIV positive supernatant, or HIV viral particles were directly incubated (or infected) with cell lines or primary cells of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and macrophages in mono or 3D spheroid coculture models...

Disseminated histoplasmosis is a rare complication of infection due to Histoplasma capsulatum . Typically, histoplasmosis is self-limiting and asymptomatic in infected individuals with immunocompetence. Disseminated disease, however, can arise in high-risk populations with primary or acquired cellular immunodeficiency including HIV/AIDS, transplant recipients, and those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Here we describe a unique case of extrapulmonary gastrointestinal histoplasmosis by infiltrative Peyer's patch disease with bone marrow involvement in a transgender HIV-infected woman...

AIM: Hepatitis A (HA) is a vaccine-preventable disease. In regions with good sanitation, men who have sex with men (MSM) are the key affected populations. During the 2018-2019 HA outbreak among MSM in Japan, we actively vaccinated MSM living with HIV (MSM-LWHIV) with Aimmugen. As previously reported, their antibody seroconversion rate due to vaccination was lower than that of healthy individuals. However, the durability of Aimmugen in people living with HIV has not yet been reported. We evaluated attenuation after the one-series vaccination (comprising three inoculations) and the factors associated with attenuation...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment fails to achieve sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12) in 5-10 % and requires retreatment with second-line drugs. We report our experience of sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir use for HCV retreatment in a small cohort of difficult-to-treat Indian patients. METHODS: We reviewed our HCV databases to identify the patients who had failed to achieve SVR12 after treatment with sofosbuvir in combination with either daclatasvir, ledipasvir, or velpatasvir with/without ribavirin on one or more occasions...

INTRODUCTION: In the United States, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading contributor to liver-related illnesses and fatalities. Despite effective antiviral medications, acute infections have increased in recent years, likely due to IV drug use and the opioid epidemic. Previous guidelines recommended one-time screening for individuals born between 1945 and 1965. The CDC now recommends screening all adults over 18 unless there is a low prevalence in the area. Accurate measurement of HCV prevalence is essential for targeted prevention...

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a novel nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor that is mainly used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that TDF treatment can reduce blood lipid levels in patients with AIDS and chronic hepatitis B and has a close correlation with the severity of the disease and the occurrence of cardiovascular events. This article reviews the research progress on the effect of TDF on blood lipid profiles, with the aim of providing a basis for rational use of TDF...