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BACKGROUND: Primary type 2 hyperoxaluria is a very rare genetic disorder,1,2 where in the progression to renal failure was assumed to be insidious and not very common.3 PH2 is due to deficient glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR),1,2 which was thought to have extra-hepatic production also.4 The progression to renal failure in these patient subgroups is well documented in the Literature and the role of SLK (simultaneous liver and kidney transplantation) has not been clearly established...

BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a biologically aggressive malignancy requiring appropriate biomarkers to improve its outcome. Role of ABC transporters (ABCB1 and ABCG2) has been linked to cancer aggressiveness, tumorigenesis and multidrug resistance. Herein, we studied the prognostic implication of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in GBC. METHODS: Fresh tissue (tumour & normal) samples collected from 54 patients who underwent R0 resection, were analysed for mRNA and protein expression of ABCB1 and ABCG2 by quantitative Real-Time PCR and western blotting, respectively, in this prospective study...

BACKGROUND: Several genetic and metabolic variables, most notably the variation in the adipokine gene rs1501298, have been linked to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease etiopathogenesis (MAFLD). Liver biopsy, the gold standard for diagnosing MAFLD, is an invasive procedure; therefore, alternative diagnostic methods are required. Consequently, the integration of these metabolic variables with some of the patients' characteristics may facilitate the development of noninvasive diagnostic methods that aid in the early detection of MAFLD, identification of at-risk individuals and planning of management strategies...

AIM: Hepatogenous diabetes (HD) is frequently underestimated among cirrhosis patients. The current study assessed the magnitude, clinical characteristics, and implications of HD in cirrhosis patients as compared to the patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetes (ND) cirrhosis. METHODS: In a prospective observational study, 338 consecutive eligible cirrhosis patients were screened for diabetes mellitus. A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was used to detect HD...

INTRODUCTION: Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing and staging non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but liver biopsy has its limitations. Non-invasive tests (NITs) eliminate many of the drawbacks of liver biopsy. We did a retrospective observational study to validate the NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS score) and Fibrosis Score 4 (FIB-4 index) against the gold standard liver biopsy in a cohort of South Indian patients with NAFLD. AIMS: The aim of this study was to validate the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive fibrosis scoring systems (FIB-4 index and NFS), compared to that of liver histology, to predict AF in a cohort of south Indian patients with NAFLD...

To elucidate long-term outcome in primary conjunctival lymphoma, a review was conducted of 31 consecutive patients: 21 men and 10 women with an age range of 28 to 85 (median, 61) years at presentation and follow-up periods ranging from 1 to 19 (median, 7) years. Conjunctival lymphoma was on the right side in 10 patients, on the left side in 12, and on both sides in 9. Upper, lower, or both fornix lesions in 28 patients were all diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma), while thick nasal bulbar conjunctival lesions in 3 patients were differently diagnosed as MALT lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and follicular lymphoma, respectively...

Plasmablastic myeloma (PBM) is an uncommon and aggressive morphologic variant of multiple myeloma (MM). The neoplastic immature cells exhibit diverse morphology, posing a diagnostic challenge. The diagnostic criteria for PBM include the identification of ≥ 2% plasmablasts in the bone marrow aspirate. This case describes the incidental finding of a light-chain multiple myeloma (LCMM) transformed into PBM, a phenomenon not previously reported.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with robotic radiosurgery in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with macrovascular invasion (HCC-PVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with inoperable HCC-PVT, good performance score (PS0-1) and preserved liver function [up to Child-Pugh (CP) B7] were accrued after ethical and scientific committee approval [Clinical trial registry-India (CTRI): 2022/01/050234] for treatment on robotic radiosurgery (M6) and planned with Multiplan (iDMS V2...

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Although liver involvement has been observed in over two-third cases of dengue viral infection, less than 1% cases progress to dengue-related acute liver failure (D-ALF). Various aspects of management of this disease remain debated including the need and timing of liver transplantation (LT). Moreover, the outcomes of LT for D-ALF have been suboptimal. We present four contrasting cases of D-ALF, two managed with LT and the other two conservatively to highlight the management dilemmas concerning LT in D-ALF...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with high short-term mortality without liver transplantation (LT). The selection criteria for LT in these patients are not well defined. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with post-transplant survival in ACLF. METHODS: This was a single-center retrospective study of patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for ACLF between 2012 and 2022...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Vitamin E is widely prescribed for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Saroglitazar, a novel dual peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor ɑ/γ agonist, is approved in India for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). No head-to-head comparative study for vitamin E and saroglitazar is available. We studied the efficacy and safety of saroglitazar and vitamin E in NAFLD/NASH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively randomised 175 NAFLD patients into four arms as Saroglitazar 4 mg daily alone (n = 44), vitamin E 800IU daily alone (n = 41), vitamin E and saroglitazar combination (n = 47), and control arm (n = 43)...

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is an RNA subvirus that infects patients with co-existing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. HDV burden is estimated to be approximately 15-20 million people worldwide. Despite HDV severity, screening for HDV remains inadequate. HDV screening would benefit from a revamped approach that automatically reflexes testing when individuals are diagnosed with HBV if HBsAg-positive, to total anti-HDV, and then to quantitative HDV-RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) rather than only testing those at high risk sequentially...

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Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is a well-recognized clinico-pathological entity, which is associated with clinical signs and symptoms, imaging, and endoscopic features of portal hypertension (PHT), in absence of cirrhosis. In patients with NCPH without known risk factors of PHT or extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis, the condition is called idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH). There are multiple infectious, immune related causes, systemic diseases, drug and toxin exposures, haematological disorders, and metabolic risk factors that have been associated with this INCPH...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of wall-thickening type gallbladder cancer (GBC) is challenging. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly utilized to evaluate gallbladder wall thickening. However, there is a lack of data comparing the performance of CT and MRI for the detection of wall-thickening type GBC. AIM: We aim to compare the diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI in diagnosis of wall-thickening type GBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study comprised consecutive patients suspected of wall-thickening type GBC who underwent preoperative contrast-enhanced CT and MRI...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Contrast echo is often used to demonstrate extracardiac shunting for evaluation of hepatopulmonary syndrome. The same can also be performed via transesophageal route with endoscopic ultrasound. We here demonstrate this technique in a 58-year-old woman who underwent gastric variceal obliteration with endoscopic ultrasound. This technique can add another dimension to the "one-stop-shop" endohepatology evaluation of patients with cirrhosis in a single endoscopy appointment.