FDG PET and 99m Tc SPECT

INTRODUCTION: In the last decade, two new radionuclide-based therapies, 223 Radichloride and radioligand therapy (RLT) targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), have been approved by the regulatory authorities for the management of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (PCa). AREAS COVERED: The basic principles of PCa molecular imaging are illustrated, with a particular attention to the combined use of diagnosis and therapy in a unique approach (the so-called theranostics) for response prediction and assessment in patients submitted to 223 Radichloride or PSMA targeted therapies...

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a growing epidemiological challenge. Appropriate diagnosis remains difficult due to heterogenous etiopathogenesis and clinical presentation. The disease may be followed by increased mortality and numerous diverse complications. Developing molecular imaging modalities may provide additional insights into ongoing infection and support an accurate diagnosis. We present the current evidence for the diagnostic performance and indications for utilization in current guidelines of the hybrid modalities: single photon emission tomography with technetium99m-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime-labeled autologous leukocytes (99m Tc-HMPAO-SPECT/CT) along with positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG PET/CT)...

BACKGROUND: Due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in breast tumors, immunohistochemistry (IHC) cannot accurately reflect the HER2 status in real time, which may cause misguided treatment decisions. HER2-specific imaging can noninvasively determine HER2 status in primary and metastatic tumors. In this study, HER2 expression in breast cancer patients was determined in vivo by SPECT/CT of 99m Tc-HP-Ark2, comparing with PET/CT of 18 F-FDG lesion by lesion...

AIM: The aim of this study is to elucidate the patterns of characteristic hypometabolism on 18 F-Fluoro Deoxy-glucose (18 F-FDG) Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in the variants of Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and its correlation with their core clinical features. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 88 subjects with clinically suspected PSP was done. An institutional informed consent to participate in the study was taken from all the subjects...

The radiopharmaceuticals most commonly used in nuclear medicine are 18 F-FDG and 99m Tc-DMSA, both of which are administered to paediatric and adult patients using the same time activity coefficient. However, the IAEA recommends specific paediatric dosimetry. The aim of this work (TW) was to estimate the absorbed dose for 18 F-FDG and 99m Tc-DMSA using two paediatric voxel phantoms (Baby and Child) by Monte Carlo techniques. Biokinetic data for both radiopharmaceuticals were obtained from ICRP 128. In addition, the new time-integrated activity coefficient (TIAC) values from a recent publication were examined for the following organs: Brain, urinary bladder wall, liver, heart wall, and lung...

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy or Takotsubo Syndrome (TTS) is a reversible left ventricular dysfunction syndrome that is increasingly being recognized. Recent advances in nuclear imaging have allowed us to study TTS in greater detail. We searched the PubMed and Medline databases and identified 53 publications with 221 patients reporting nuclear imaging findings in TTS. The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 87 years and were predominantly women (88.2%). The TTS variant was apical (typical) in 170 (76.9%), mid-ventricular in 23 (10...

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are immune cells that exist in different polarization states/phenotypes and have been shown to play a critical role during an inflammatory process. In this paper, differently polarized mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM (M1-proinflammatory or M2-immunomodulator)) were radiolabeled with either 99mTc-D,L-hexamethylene-propyleneamine oxime (99m Tc-HMPAO), 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose (18 F-FDG), or 67 Ga-citrate...

OBJECTIVE: Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are tumors arising from epithelium of the nasopharynx. The 5-year survival rate of primary NPC is 80% with significant risks of recurrence. The objective here is to provide an evidence-based systemic review of the diagnostic value of different modalities in detecting local, regional, and distal recurrent NPC, as well as the associated costs with these modalities. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane review database were queried...

BACKGROUND: The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the activity and selectivity of 99m Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT and 18 F-FDG PET-CT in order to detect the neovascularization of A549 cell subcutaneously transplanted tumors, and clarify the relationship among tumor vasculature, hypoxia and cell proliferation in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS: We established a subcutaneous tumor model, and used 99m Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT and 18 F-FDG PET-CT when the average tumor size reached 0...

Nuclear medicine (NM) started in Qatar in mid 1980s with a one head gamma camera in Hamad General Hospital (HGH). However, Qatar is expanding and now Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) has two NM departments and one Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/CT Center for Diagnosis and Research with several hybrid single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT and PET/CT. Furthermore, two new NM departments will be established in Qatar in the coming three years. Therefore, there is a need for optimizing radiation protection in NM imaging and establishing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for the first time in Qatar...

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed on the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) of the tumor stroma. Recently, we reported the preclinical evaluation and clinical biokinetics of a novel 99m Tc-labeled FAP inhibitor radioligand ([99m Tc]Tc-iFAP). This research aimed to evaluate [99m Tc]Tc-iFAP for the tumor stroma imaging of six different cancerous entities and analyze them from the perspective of stromal heterogeneity. [99m Tc]Tc-iFAP was prepared from freeze-dried kits with a radiochemical purity of 98 ± 1%...

Daratumumab (DARA) is an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). The tumor CD38 expression level is one of the important factors in determining the efficacy of DARA treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need for a noninvasive tool to evaluate the CD38 levels in cancer patients before, during, and after DARA treatment. In this study, we prepared a new molecular imaging probe 99m Tc-CD3813, the 99m Tc-labeled nanobody CD3813, for noninvasive imaging of CD38 expression by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)...

Tumor microenvironment fibroblasts overexpress the fibroblast activation protein (FAP). We recently reported the preclinical evaluation of [99m Tc]Tc-iFAP as a new SPECT radioligand capable of detecting FAP. This research aimed to evaluate the kinetic and dosimetric profile of [99m Tc]Tc-iFAP in healthy volunteers, and to assess the radioligand uptake by different solid tumors in three cancer patients. [99m Tc]Tc-iFAP was obtained from lyophilized formulations prepared under GMP conditions with >98% radiochemical purity...

BACKGROUND/AIM: To develop and validate a nebulizer device for anti-cancer research on pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol supply in a preclinical peritoneal metastases (PM) rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For aerosol generation, an ultrasonic nebulizer (USN) was modified. Aerosol analyses were performed ex-vivo by laser diffraction spectrometry (LDS). Intraperitoneal (IP) 99m technetium sodium pertechnetate (99m Tc) aerosol distribution and deposition were quantified by in-vivo single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and compared to liquid IP instillation of equivalent volume/doses of 99m Tc with and without capnoperitoneum...

BACKGROUND: Anthropomorphic torso phantoms, including a cardiac insert, are frequently used to investigate the imaging performance of SPECT and PET systems. These phantom solutions are generally featuring a simple anatomical representation of the heart. 3D printing technology paves the way to create cardiac phantoms with more complex volume definition. This study aimed to describe how a fillable left ventricular myocardium (LVm) phantom can be manufactured using geometry extracted from a patient image...

Bone metastasis has a significant influence on the prognosis of prostate cancer(PCa) patients. In this review, we discussed the current application of PCa bone metastasis diagnosis with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) computer-aided diagnosis(CAD) systems. A literature search identified articles concentrated on PCa bone metastasis and PET/CT or SPECT CAD systems using the PubMed database. We summarized the previous studies focused on CAD systems and manual quantitative markers calculation, and the coincidence rate was acceptable...

Background: Phase analysis by 99m Tc-MIBI gated single-photon emission computed tomography (GSPECT) has been considered to be an adequate method in the validation of left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony. Compared with GSPECT, prior myocardial infarction patients with myocardial perfusion defects but myocardial viability usually show preserved uptake of 18 F-FDG, and extensive myocardium is detected by 18 F-FDG gated positron emission tomography (GPET). Thus, theoretically, it should be more accurate...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the diagnostic value of nuclear imaging with 18 F-FDG PET/CT (FDG PET/CT), combined 111 In-WBC/99m Tc-Nanocoll, and 99m Tc-HDP SPECT/CT (dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow scan) for patients with chronic problems related to knee or hip prostheses (TKA or THA) scheduled by a structured multidisciplinary algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five patients underwent imaging with 99m Tc-HDP SPECT/CT (bone scan), dual-isotope WBC/bone marrow scan, and FDG PET/CT...

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performances of multimodal imaging [i.e., white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography/CT (99m Tc-HMPAO-WBC SPECT/CT) and 18-fluoride-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT ([18 F]FDG PET/CT)] in patients with suspected infection after the Bentall procedure, proposing new specific diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis. Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2019, we selected within a cardiovascular infections registry, 76 surgically treated patients (27 women and 49 men, median 66 years, and range 29-83 years)...

Aim: To elucidate the patterns of characteristic hypometabolism on 18 F- fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in multisystem atrophy (MSA) and their correlation with the patterns of uptake on dopamine transporter imaging with 99m Tc TRODAT-1 SPECT. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 67 patients with clinically diagnosed MSA was performed. All the subjects underwent 99m Tc TRODAT-1 SPECT and 18 F-FDG PET/CT scanning on two separate days...