Consiousness

BACKGROUND: The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) has become a standard tool in assessing Disorders of consciousness (DoC) in adults. However, its measurement validity in pediatrics has only been ascertained in healthy cases. Increasing use of CRS-R in children with DoC imposes appropriate comparison against previously validated tools. The aims of the study were to describe the emergence to a conscious state (eMCS) in pediatric acquired brain injury (ABI); to explore the agreement between the CRS-R and Coma Near Coma Scale (CNCS) and to discuss the advantage of administering the CRS-R in pediatric age...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data on prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC) are not available due to lack of research in this field. The objective of this pioneering prospective cohort study in the Russian Federation was to collect the data on the survival and the level of consciousness of patients with pDOC, as well as to search for prognostic markers of survival and improvement of the level of consciousness on long-terms outcomes (up to 24 months). METHODS: All patients (n=184) had pDOC and were admitted to the Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology...

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes and the patients' subjective experience of cochlear implantation (CI) performed under local anesthesia (LA). To describe a new form of intraoperative cochlear monitoring based on the patients subjective sound perception during CI. METHODS: In this retrospective case-cohort study, 117 patients underwent CI under LA with (n = 58) or without conscious sedation (n = 59). Included were primarily elderly patients with elevated risks for general anesthesia and recently patients with residual hearing eligible for electro-acoustic stimulation (EAS) (n = 27), in whom hearing could be monitored during the electrode insertion...

BACKGROUND: Mental health challenges are a leading health concern for youth globally, requiring a comprehensive approach incorporating promotion, prevention and treatment within a healthy public policy framework. However, the broad enactment of this vision has yet to be realized. Further, mental health promotion evidence specific to youth is still emerging and has not yet focused at a policy level. This is a critical gap, as policy is a key mental health promotion lever that can alter the social and structural conditions that contribute to shaping youth mental health outcomes for all youth, across the full spectrum of need...

OBJECTIVE: Head trauma is one of the most important emergency health problems both in the world and in our country. The objective in our study is to (i) state the correlation between the findings of bispectral index score (BIS) and computed tomography (CT), which are used to evaluate the level of consciousness of patients with isolated head trauma, and (ii) investigate objective results about the patient's level of consiousness/alertness according to the CT modality, which is used frequently...

OBJECTIVE: Bioelectrial signals known as slow waves play a key role in coordinating gastric motility. Slow wave dysrhythmias have been associated with a number of functional motility disorders. However, there have been limited human recordings obtained in the consious state or over an extended period of time. This study aimed to evaluate a robust ambulatory recording platform. APPROACH: A commercially available multi-sensor recording system (Shimmer3, ShimmerSensing) was applied to acquire slow wave information from the stomach of six humans and four pigs...

Local and indigenous knowledge is being transformed globally, particularly being eroded when pertaining to ecology. In many parts of the world, rural and indigenous communities are facing tremendous cultural, economic and environmental changes, which contribute to weaken their local knowledge base. In the face of profound and ongoing environmental changes, both cultural and biological diversity are likely to be severely impacted as well as local resilience capacities from this loss. In this global literature review, we analyse the drivers of various types of local and indigenous ecological knowledge transformation and assess the directionality of the reported change...

OBJECTIVE: In neurology the objective evaluation of improvement of paresis on every-day practice. The aim of this study was to develop and test a small 3-d acceleration measuring device and validate its usefulness. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected data from 17 mild and medium severity hemiparetic, bedridden acute ischaemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients and compared with data of 22 control subjects. The devices were attached to the paretic and non-paretic extremities and any movements (m/s2) and movement-durations were registered (24h)...

This research investigated how to overcome temptations and protect high-order goals while pursuing a goal. We hypothesized that in order to promote self-regulation, individuals non-cousciously engage in asymmetric evaluative responses to goal-relevant and temptation-relevant stimuli. In an experiment, we manipulated either diet goal or academic goal. Then, we measured evaluations of either sugary drinks (e.g., Coke, Fanta) or healthy drinks (e.g., Healthya Green Tea, Black Oolong Tea). The results showed that participants who activated a diet goal had significantly more positive evaluations of healthy drinks than sugary drinks...

BACKGROUND: During the last years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain has been introduced as a new tool to measure consciousness, both in a clinical setting and in a basic neurocognitive research. Moreover, advanced mathematical methods and theories have arrived the field of fMRI (e.g. computational neuroimaging), and functional and structural brain connectivity can now be assessed non-invasively. RESULTS: The present work deals with a pluralistic approach to "consciousness'', where we connect theory and tools from three quite different disciplines: (1) philosophy of mind (emergentism and global workspace theory), (2) functional neuroimaging acquisitions, and (3) theory of deterministic and statistical neurodynamics - in particular the Wilson-Cowan model and stochastic resonance...

Cupriavidus pauculus (formerly CDC Group IVc-2) is a non-fermentative, motile, gram-negative bacillus, rarely associated with human infections. It has been isolated from water, water from ultrafiltration systems and bottled mineral water. To date, 19 cases of bacteremia, two cases of peritonitis and one case of tenosynovitis associated with C. pauculus have been reported in English literature. In this paper, we report the first case of C. pauculus ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in Turkey. A 47 years-old female with breast cancer was performed total mastectomy six years ago and received six cures of chemotherapy after surgery...

Cognitive neurosciencists have recently begun to study self-consiousness and intersubjectivity but have not yet taken into account adequately the influence of culture on these phenomena. Here, we argue against the naïve inclusion of 'culture' as an additional independent factor that can be empirically addressed adequately merely by considering mother tongue or nationality. Instead, we propose that culture needs to be considered as a dynamical system of individuals; that culture is in continous dialectic interaction and exchange with the individuals that constitute it; and that cultural classifications feed back into social practices and identity processes, hence exhibiting a 'looping effect'...

Psychogenic amnesia is characterized by an impaired retrieval process of stored information, while the acquisition of new information is conserved. In addition, patients with this condition may display a state of belle indifference towards their own situation and may manifest deficits in emotional processing. So far, these conditions were noted cursorily in previous case descriptions, but have not been investigated thoroughly. We report data on two female juvenile patients that were examined with neuropsychological, including remote memory tests...

A 87-year old male was admitted to our hospital due to generalized convulsion with loss of consiousness. He was afebrile and his blood sampling was not infectious. Computed tomography scan suspected left chronic subdural hematoma. Burr hole drainage was performed to remove the hematoma, but the abscess was aspirated in the subdural space. Infected subdural hematoma is rare. We discuss the clinical presentation, diagnosis and. treatment, and also briefly review the literature.

AIM: Testing effectiveness of psychotherapy by evaluating changes in private and public self-consciousness of alcohol addicted persons and imprisoned felons. METHOD: The questionnaire known as Self-Consiousness Scale Fenigstein, Scheier, Buss's was applied. The tool is based on the theory of Duval and Wicklund and that of Carver and Scheier. Treatment curriculum--was based on two models of alcohol addiction. the psychological one and the other derived of assumptions defined in the Alcoholics Anonymous movement...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review focuses on developments in airway management and concious sedation/analgesic techniques employed by anesthesiologists in the emergency department. RECENT FINDINGS: Emergency medicine physicians routinely employ airway devices and techniques that were previously reserved for anesthesiologists. An understanding of the uses and limitations of these devices are essential for successful outcomes. Anesthesiologists responding to the emergency department may be faced with soiled or traumatized airways...

A 79-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of forgetfulness for a month followed with rapid development of consciousness disturbance. After admission, the depressed consciousness level fluctuated but continued for more than a month. Thyroid function tests showed increased free T3 and T4 level, lowered level of TSH, and increased anti-TSH receptor antibody titer. A diagnosis of Graves' disease was made but we could find none of thyrotoxic manifestations such as goiter, exophthalmos, tachycardia, high body temperature, or sweating...

Syncope, defined as the temporary loss of consiousness and postural tone resulting from an abrupt transient decrease in cerebral blood flow, is a common usually benign self-limiting event. However, rarely, it may be the first warning sign of a serious condition including arrhythmias, structural heart disease, or non-cardiac disease. This article presents a differential diagnosis of syncope in children with an emphasis on neurocardiogenic syncope, details important positives and negatives in the history and physical exam that would suggest cardiac syncope and gives recommendations on when to refer a child for syncope to a pediatric cardiologist...

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Reflective practice is now widely debated as a means of improving nursing practice. However, assumptions about reflective practice are rarely clarified and seldom subjected to critique. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to take up Clarke, James & Kelly's suggestion that limits to the scope and depth of reflection be considered. This is achieved by reflecting on what these authors claim it means to reflect in action. Four arguments are presented: (i) that nurses cannot be conscious of all aspects of nursing practice because there are aspects of practice that cannot be represented in consiousness, (ii) that those aspects of practice that can be represented in consciousness can be so only imperfectly, (iii) that all such representations are not reflexive, and (iv) that any representation in the form of an internal dialogue that could be regarded as reflection is overdetermined...