Red cell alloantibody

The development of erythrocyte alloantibodies complicates transfusion therapy in β thalassemia major patients. These antibodies increase the need for blood and intensify transfusion complications. Data on erythrocyte alloimmunization is scarce in Yemeni thalassemia patients. We studied the frequency of alloimmunization in multitransfused β-thalassemia major patients and investigated risk factors that affect antibody formation. Blood samples were taken from 100 β thalassemia major patients who received multitransfused leukodepleted packed red-blood cells...

Screening for clinically significant antibodies is crucial in transfusion medicine and is a routine part of pre-transfusion testing. The indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) is the most reliable and effective test for detecting clinically significant alloantibodies reacting at the antihuman globulin phase. Two of the main methods used for antibody detection and identification are solid-phase red cell adherence (SPRCA) and microcolumn agglutination technology (CAT), with or without enzyme-treated red blood cells (RBCs)...

BACKGROUND: Maternal red cell alloimmunization occurs when a woman's immune system becomes sensitive to unfamiliar red blood cell antigens. This leads to the production of alloantibodies, which can have serious implications for the fetus and newborn. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information about the extent of red cell alloimmunization in underdeveloped countries like Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of red cell alloimmunization among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from September 01 to November 30, 2022...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic and prevalent hemoglobin disorder with various manifestations and complications depending on the organs involved. Red cell transfusion either simple or exchange is crucial due to its prophylactic and therapeutic roles. We present a case showing serologic discrepancy between the red cells phenotype and the developed alloantibodies to emphasize the crucial role of molecular testing in SCD patients requiring chronic blood transfusion.

RBC transfusion remains a cornerstone in the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). However, as with many interventions, transfusion of RBCs is not without risk. Allogeneic RBC exposure can result in the development of alloantibodies, which can make it difficult to find compatible RBCs for future transfusion and increases the likelihood of life-threatening complications. The development of RBC alloantibodies occurs when a patient's immune system produces alloantibodies against foreign alloantigens present on RBCs...

K-associated anemic disease of the fetus and newborn (K-ADFN) is a rare but life-threatening disease in which maternal alloantibodies cross the placenta and can mediate an immune attack on fetal red blood cells expressing the K antigen. A considerably more common disease, D-associated hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (D-HDFN), can be prophylactically treated using polyclonal α-D antibody preparations. Currently, no such prophylactic treatment exists for K-associated fetal anemia, and disease is usually treated with intrauterine blood transfusions...

Finding a compatible donor for kidney transplant candidates requires overcoming immunological barriers such as human leukocyte antigens (HLA) compatibility and ABO compatibility. Emerging data suggest a role for red blood cell antigens (RCA) in renal transplant outcomes. The incidence of RCA alloimmunization is high in chronically transfused individuals, such as end stage renal disease patients, but whether antibodies to RCA can mediate renal graft rejection remains debatable. The Duffy blood group antigens (Fy) has been shown to be expressed in the kidney, among other tissues...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To reduce potential false-positive warm autoantibody (WAA) by solid-phase red cell adherence assay (SPRCA), our centre implemented a new antibody investigation algorithm (AIA) by classifying cases with panreactive SPRCA but negative saline-indirect antiglobulin test as 'antibody of undetermined significance' (AUS) after excluding clinically significant antibodies. We assessed the effects of the new AIA and subsequent alloantibody formation in patients with AUS...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Screening for red blood cell alloantibodies (RBC-Ab) is a critical step in ensuring blood transfusion safety performed by blood donation screening laboratories. We aim to evaluate the prevalence of the RBC-Ab among healthy blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antibody screening of serum of all voluntary blood donors was performed as a routine immune-haematological procedure by a solid-phase method on a fully automated immunohaematology analyser...

Patients with MDS often suffer from anemia, and less often thrombocytopenia, and thus are a frequently transfused population. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion may be used to improve functional capacity and quality of life in this population, while platelet transfusion is typically used to decrease bleeding risk. Despite the frequency of transfusion in patients with MDS, there are few well-defined guidelines for RBC and platelet transfusion support in this patient population. Transfusion is not without risk-patients with MDS who are frequently transfused may develop alloantibodies to RBC antigens, which can lead to hemolytic transfusion reactions and delays in obtaining compatible RBCs...

OBJECTIVES: Identification of DNT, a rare partial D, can be challenging, as it is difficult to distinguish from D+. This study aimed to identify DNT individuals by analyzing the DNT proband's family members, characterize DNT, and propose management strategies. METHODS: Family members of the first Korean DNT proband were recruited. RHD genotyping was conducted, and weak D tests were carried out using several anti-D reagents. RESULTS: Three DNT individuals were identified among 6 family members, including 1 with an anti-D alloantibody...

BACKGROUND: Many patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) need repeated red blood cell transfusions which entails a risk of immunization and antibody formation. Associations between alloantibodies, autoantibodies and increased transfusion requirements have been reported, but their relationship remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed factors potentially associated with red blood cell alloimmunization, as well as changes in transfusion intensity and post-transfusion hemoglobin increments...

Patients with thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD) require blood transfusions as part of their supportive care. However, one of the most serious side effects of this treatment is the risk of red cell alloimmunization. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence and Specificity of red cell alloimmunization in Egyptian thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia patients. This study included 200 multi transfused Egyptian patients, one hundred and forty patients with transfusion dependent thalassaemia and sixty patients with sickle cell anaemia, who were attending the Paediatric Children Hospital-Cairo University at the period from March 2019 to October 2019...

Blood group mismatch in veterinary medicine is a significant problem in blood transfusion, sometimes leading to severe transfusion reactions and even patient death. Blood groups vary from species to species and there are three known blood groups in cats: A, B and AB. While A-type cats are most common, there is a shortage of feline B-type blood groups in cats. By using methoxy polyethylene glycol (mPEG) to protect antigenic epitopes on red blood cells (RBCs), we aimed to find the optimal conditions for the production of feline universal RBCs...

BACKGROUND: Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is characterized by destruction of fetal/neonatal red blood cells (RBCs) secondary to maternally derived antibodies, which are typically thought to be passively acquired via placental transfer. Few cases have examined the possibility of HDFN mediated by maternal antibodies passively transferred via breast milk. METHODS: We describe two cases of persistent HDFN in infants potentially mediated by passively acquired antibodies via maternal breast milk...

BACKGROUND: We recently introduced a policy to use O positive red cells in emergency transfusions for males >16 years of age and females >50 years of age. Here, we investigate changes in emergency transfusion practice and rates of red cell alloimmunization with the use of O positive blood for emergency transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: State-wide retrospective review of emergency transfusions between June 2020 and June 2021. The laboratory information system and patient medical records were used to collect demographic details, indications for transfusion, usage of O positive and O negative blood and rates of alloimmunization...

Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is caused by maternal alloimmunization against red blood cell antigens, which could result in fetal anaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, kernicterus, and death. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of alloantibodies against erythrocyte antigens in blood samples of pregnant women during the first trimester which may cause HDFN. A total of 123 consenting pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of Ekiti state University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti participated in the study which lasted three months...

INTRODUCTION: Defects in the lymphoid system have been linked to immune dysregulation, which might explain why lymphoid neoplasms and immunological disorders tend to occur concurrently. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), characterized by the accumulation of dysfunctional lymphocytes, is associated with autoimmune cytopenias such as autoimmune haemolytic anemia (AIHA). Detection of underlying alloantibody in warm AIHA, is challenging for any transfusion medicine specialist. This report highlights the significance of overflow phenonmenon in detection of alloantibody in a case of warm AIHA secondary to CLL and myasthenia gravis...

BACKGROUND: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) restriction plays an important role in the susceptibility to alloimmunization against red blood cell (RBC) antigens. The prevalence of anti-D alloimmunization in RhD negative pregnancy is still quite high in our population. Thus, we planned this study to determine the association of HLA-DRB1 alleles with anti-D alloimmunization in RhD negative pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: RBC antibody screen (ABS) was performed for RhD negative pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic our institute...

BACKGROUND: Transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients are at high risk of transfusion-related complications. Yet, there is scanty data on the frequency of transfusion reactions, particularity alloimmunization among pediatric transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. In addition, there is no consensus on the prophylactic antigen matching for prevention of alloimmunization or the extent of antigen matching for alloimmunized thalassemia patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study to assess the frequency and specificity of alloimmunization among pediatric transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients receiving ABO, RhD, and K-matched red blood cell units...