kidney heart vasculitis acute

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are surgically implanted mechanical devices indicated for patients with advanced heart failure and are known to come with several complications. Here we present a case series, and review 1 documented report, of LVAD vasculitis, a presumed new LVAD immune/humoral related phenomenon. ( Level of Difficulty: Advanced. ).

Systemic vasculitis (SV) is a condition characterized by vascular inflammatory disease that often involves the medium and small arteries of various organs throughout the body. SV is difficult to diagnose due to the diversity of clinical symptoms and manifestations, and only tissue biopsy is of great significance. Even so, complications or secondary lesions of SV can also lead to death. In forensic medicine, we can often observe multiple vasculitis in histological observations, which is easily overlooked as a primary cause of death in the final diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 that has caused more than 2.2 million deaths worldwide. We summarize the reported pathologic findings on biopsy and autopsy in patients with severe/fatal COVID-19 and documented the presence and/or effect of SARS-CoV-2 in all organs. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, MedRxiv, Lilacs and Epistemonikos databases from January to August 2020 for all case reports and case series that reported histopathologic findings of COVID-19 infection at autopsy or tissue biopsy was performed...

BACKGROUND: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated pulmonary renal vasculitis is an uncommon disease entity. Its presentation as acute heart failure for the first time in a patient with established coronary artery disease (CAD) is even rarer. We present here a case of such an association and an approach to managing this clinical situation. CASE SUMMARY: A 60-year-old male patient presented to the emergency room with recent-onset dyspnoea New York Heart Association Class IV...

BACKGROUND: Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a subtype of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), involving small and medium sized vessels, often affecting the kidneys and lungs. Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is detected in up to 90% of cases of MPA and its detection helps guide diagnosis, however cases of ANCA-negative MPA have been reported, hence definitive diagnosis relies on tissue biopsy. CASE REPORT: A 23-year-old man was evaluated for dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain, and found to have bilateral intra-alveolar opacities and hilar adenopathy...

Behcet's disease (BD) is clinically characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers and ocular symptoms. However, systemic manifestations involving the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, and heart are well known. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a rare manifestation of Behcet's syndrome and usually results from coronary arteries vasculitis, leading to aneurysms. More uncommon is the occurrence of acute MI as the initial presenting symptom. Hereby, we report a case of a young male who presented with acute anterior wall MI sans any other conventional risk factors with a normal angiogram...

Objective: Patients with autoimmune diseases were advised to shield to avoid COVID-19, but information on their prognosis is lacking. We characterised 30-day outcomes and mortality after hospitalisation with COVID-19 among patients with prevalent autoimmune diseases, and compared outcomes after hospital admissions among similar patients with seasonal influenza. Design: Multinational network cohort study. Setting: Electronic health records data from Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) (NYC, United States [US]), Optum [US], Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) (US), Information System for Research in Primary Care-Hospitalisation Linked Data (SIDIAP-H) (Spain), and claims data from IQVIA Open Claims (US) and Health Insurance and Review Assessment (HIRA) (South Korea)...

INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects about 170 million people worldwide. HCV is responsible for both hepatitis and extra-hepatic manifestations. Chronic infection has been shown to develop in about 70% of cases, and it can progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Ten percent of HCV patients may develop extra-hepatic manifestations, including mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV) varies, ranging from mild-moderate clinical symptoms (purpura on the legs, asthenia and arthralgias) and chronic hepatitis to severe symptoms (ulcers on the legs, peripheral neuropathy, glomerulonephritis, low-grade NHL to life threatening complications (rapid progressive glomerulonephritis, gastrointestinal vasculitis, acute hyper-viscosity)...

The coronavirus pandemic has reportedly infected over 31.5 million individuals and caused over 970,000 deaths worldwide (as of 22nd Sept 2020). This novel coronavirus, officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), although primarily causes significant respiratory distress, can have significant deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system. Severe cases of the virus frequently result in respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation, often seen, but not confined to, individuals with pre-existing hypertension and cardiovascular disease, potentially due to the fact that the virus can enter the circulation via the lung alveoli...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a prominent pandemic disease that emerged in China and hurriedly stretched worldwide. There are many reports on COVID-19 associated with the amplified incidence of thrombotic events. In this review, we focused on COVID-19 coupled with the coagulopathy contributes to severe outcome inclusive of comorbidities such as venous thromboembolism, stroke, diabetes, lung, heart attack, AKI, and liver injury. Initially, the COVID-19 patient associated coagulation disorders show an elevated level of the D-dimer, fibrinogen, and less lymphocyte count such as lymphopenia...

BACKGROUND: Hydralazine is a common vasodilator which has been used for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Hydralazine can induce antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis due to its auto-immunogenic capability and one of the very rare presentations is pulmonary-renal syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 64-year-old African American woman, who presented to our emergency room with shortness of breath, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, leg swelling, fatigue, loss of appetite, cough with clear sputum, and lightheadedness...

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly called Churg-Strauss syndrome, is an uncommon disease with pathological features consisting of systemic necrotizing vasculitis, eosinophilic infiltration, and granulomatous or nongranulomatous extravascular eosinophilic inflammation. EGPA preferentially affects certain organ systems, including the airways, peripheral nerves, heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Although gastrointestinal involvement, such as ulcerations, is common in EGPA, gastrointestinal perforation is relatively uncommon and is associated with a poor prognosis...

We examined a patient aged 31 who had a sudden burning paraesthesia, pain and numbness in the lower legs together with an increased temperature of 39°C. Clinical examination showed asymmetrical sensory polyneuropathy more clearly seen in the lower legs and the left wrist, with high ESR (up to 44 mm/h), leukocytosis, slight anemia and proteinuria. CSF was normal. After three weeks the temperature suddenly increased again up to 39°C and severe flaccid distal tetraparesis was seen more clearly with foot drop in the left lower leg and dense oedema in the left wrist, purple cyanosis and haemorrhagic foci appeared on the skin of the toes, feet, lower legs and left wrist...

In pig-to-baboon organ xenotransplantation, coagulation dysfunction and inflammation have been suggested to be associated with acute humoral xenograft rejection. We have evaluated platelet counts, plasma fibrinogen, and parameters of inflammation as indicators of xenograft failure in baboons with kidney and heart grafts from genetically-engineered pigs. Blood chemistry, hematologic, immune, and inflammatory parameters were measured in recipient baboons (n = 16) with organs from α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout pigs expressing human complement- and coagulation-regulatory proteins...

BACKGROUND: 10-20% of hospitalized patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI)/acute renal failure during their hospital stay. The mortality of nosocomial AKI is approximately 30%. METHODS: This review is based on relevant publications retrieved by a search in multiple databases (PubMed and Uptodate), archives, and pertinent medical journals. RESULTS: The most common causes of nosocomial AKI are volume depletion, sepsis, heart diseases, polytrauma, liver diseases, and drug toxicity...

An 18-month-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was referred with a history of pyrexia, polyuria and polydypsia, and transient episodes of bilateral hindlimb paralysis. Cardiac evaluation revealed severe systemic hypertension and severe concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. One month later the cat had a new episode of hindlimb paralysis with recurrent seizures, and died in status epilepticus. At necropsy examination, the coronary arteries, arcuate renal arteries and common iliac arteries showed marked thickening with nodules segmentally located along the vessels and consequent narrowing of the lumina...

Although acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in hospitalized children, AKI has rarely been reported in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Herein, we review the clinical trajectories of AKI in patients with KD. A total of 39 patients with KD who developed AKI have been reported in 28 publications as case reports. The causes of AKI include prerenal AKI associated with acute heart failure (AHF), intrinsic AKI caused by tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), acute nephritic syndrome (ANS), hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), immune complex-mediated nephropathy, rhabdomyolysis, and KD shock syndrome (KDSS)...

We report a 66-year-old man with a history of congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation on warfarin therapy and chronic kidney disease that presented with acute dyspnoea. He had multiple palpable purpuric lesions on his bilateral lower extremities. Laboratory findings supported acute anaemia with no obvious bleeding source, supratherapeutic international normalised ratio and acute on chronic kidney injury. Oesophogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy initially suggested ischaemic colitis. The patient's legs were treated symptomatically with topical steroids...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of Eosinophilic Granulomatous Vasculitis. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the clinical and laboratory features, treatment and prognosis of 43 patients with Eosinophilic Granulomatous Vasculitis who admitted to the Department of Rheumatology of the First Affiliated University Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between 2005 and 2014. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 31 patients (72...

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