keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38328225/tuberculosis-infectiousness-is-associated-with-distinct-clinical-and-inflammatory-profiles
#21
David Horne, Videlis Nduba, Lilian Njagi, Wilfred Murithi, Zipporah Mwongera, Gisella Logioia, Glenna Peterson, R Max Segnitz, Kevin Fennelly, Thomas Hawn
Interrupting transmission events to prevent new acquisition of infection and disease is a critical part of tuberculosis (TB) control efforts. However, knowledge gaps in understanding the biology and determinants of TB transmission, including poor estimates of individual infectiousness and the lack of accurate and convenient biomarkers, undermine efforts to develop interventions. Cough-generated aerosol cultures have been found to predict TB transmission better than any microbiological or clinical markers in cohorts from Uganda and Brazil...
January 10, 2024: Research Square
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38317102/knowledge-attitudes-and-beliefs-toward-polypharmacy-among-older-people-attending-family-medicine-clinic-nairobi-kenya
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maureen Kamau, Njeri Nyanja, Adelaide M Lusambili, Jacob Shabani, Gulnaz Mohamoud
BACKGROUND: Life expectancy has increased over the last century among older people, particularly those aged over 60 years. Aging is associated with increased disability, multiple chronic conditions, and increased use of health services managed with polypharmacy. There are few studies on polypharmacy and aging in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is unclear what older people know and their attitudes toward polypharmacy. This paper presents findings from a study that aimed to understand older people's knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about polypharmacy...
February 5, 2024: BMC Geriatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38313219/modern-contraceptive-prevalence-and-its-predictors-among-non-refugee-and-refugee-somali-women-in-nairobi-city-kenya-a-comparative-view
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eliphas Gitonga, Anastasia J Gage
INTRODUCTION AND METHODS: This study sought to determine the prevalence and predictors of modern contraceptive use among non-refugee and refugee Somali women in Nairobi City, Kenya. The analysis was based on 976 currently married Somali women aged 15-39 years (non-refugees; 523, refugees; 415) who were interviewed in a 2021 household survey conducted in Kamukunji, Embakasi, and Ruaraka sub-counties of Nairobi City. The analysis was stratified by refugee status and multivariable logistic regression were run to determine predictors of modern contraceptive use in each group...
2024: Frontiers in global women's health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38292818/associated-factors-and-outcomes-of-acute-kidney-injury-in-covid-19-patients-in-kenya
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Susan Cheruiyot, Jacob Shabani, Jasmit Shah, Catherine Gathu, Ahmed Sokwala
BACKGROUND: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been the largest global pandemic since the turn of the 21st century. With emerging research on this novel virus, studies from the African continent have been few. Corona Virus Disease 2019 has been shown to affect various organs including the lungs, gut, nervous system, and the kidneys. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for mortality and increases the health care burden for patients with persistent kidney dysfunction and maintenance dialysis...
2024: Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38290753/risk-for-severe-intimate-partner-violence-in-nairobi-s-informal-settlements-tailoring-the-danger-assessment-to-kenya
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shannon N Wood, Nancy Perrin, Irene Akumu, Ben Asira, Amber Clough, Nancy Glass, Jacquelyn Campbell, Michele R Decker
INTRODUCTION: Understanding the risk for severe intimate partner violence (IPV) can help women and providers assess danger. The validated, widely used Danger Assessment (DA) developed for this purpose has not been tested in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC). We tailored the DA to Nairobi, Kenya, and prospectively evaluated baseline danger against severe IPV at 3-month follow-up. METHODS: We used data from the myPlan Kenya trial conducted in 3 informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya, from 2017 to 2018...
January 30, 2024: Global Health, Science and Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38287973/salivary-cathelicidin-ll-37-in-children-and-adolescents-living-with-hiv
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Lucia Seminario, Ashley E Karczewski, Whasun Chung, Yan Wang, Dalton Wamalwa, Sarah Benki-Nugent, Grace John-Stewart, Jennifer A Slyker, Arthur Kemoli
INTRODUCTION: Human cathelicidin LL-37 is a salivary antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with broad-spectrum activity against oral diseases, but few studies have assessed its role in children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV). We assessed salivary LL-37 levels and correlates in a long-term cohort of Kenyan CALHIV followed since antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. METHODS: Saliva was collected from 76 CALHIV who were recruited from two ongoing pediatric HIV studies in Nairobi, Kenya...
2024: Biomedicine Hub
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38279153/parental-stress-and-child-stimulation-practices-examining-associations-with-child-developmental-outcomes-over-time-in-kenya-and-zambia
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kenneth Okelo, Aja Louise Murray, Josiah King, Patricia Kitsao-Wekulo, Silas Onyango, Margaret Nampijja, Bonnie Auyeung
BACKGROUND: Parental stress often arises when parenting demands exceed the expected and actual resources available for parents to succeed in the parenting role. Parental stress is an important contributor to parent-child relationships. This, in turn, affects opportunities to engage their children in stimulating activities which could improve their development outcomes. However, limited evidence exists from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) on the association between parental stress, caregiving practices, and child developmental outcomes...
January 26, 2024: BMC Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38222856/surgical-site-infections-post-cesarean-section-and-associated-risk-factors-a-retrospective-case-control-study-at-a-tertiary-hospital-in-kenya
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Odada, Jasmit Shah, Annastacia Mbithi, Reena Shah
BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection is a common healthcare-associated infection that affects maternal health, yet it can be prevented or controlled. Caesarian sections are most likely to develop surgical site infections. The rates of delivery by caesarian section in reported to be higher that the acceptable rates in some healthcare facilities. Risk factors for surgical site infections can be identified and modified to reduce the occurrence of surgical site infections. This study aims to determine the risk factors that contribute to surgical site infections post caesarian section in a tertiary teaching hospital in Kenya...
March 2024: Infection prevention in practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38199697/factors-associated-with-strongylida-infections-in-sheep-on-farms-in-peri-urban-nairobi-kenya
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cherotich J Tangus, Chege J Nga'nga, Karanja D Njuguna, Charles K Gachuiri, Peter Kimeli
Gastrointestinal parasite infections are among the major limitations to production in sheep in many parts of the world. It is important to continually assess their levels of infection in order to institute control measures and reduce the impact. This study determined the factors associated with the strongylida egg counts in sheep on selected farms in peri-urban Nairobi, Kenya. This was a cross-sectional study in which farm and animal-level data, including faecal samples, were collected from 1640 sheep from 30 purposively selected farms in Ruai, and Kamulu wards in Kasarani sub-county and Utawala and Mihango wards in Embakasi East Sub-County, in Nairobi County Kenya...
January 2024: Veterinary Parasitology (Amsterdam)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38194182/identifying-and-characterizing-the-poorest-urban-population-using-national-household-surveys-in-38-cities-in-sub-saharan-africa
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fernando C Wehrmeister, Leonardo Z Ferreira, Agbessi Amouzou, Cauane Blumenberg, Cheikh Fayé, Luiza I C Ricardo, Abdoulaye Maiga, Luis Paulo Vidaletti, Dessalegn Y Melesse, Janaína Calu Costa, Andrea K Blanchard, Aluisio J D Barros, Ties Boerma
Identifying and classifying poor and rich groups in cities depends on several factors. Using data from available nationally representative surveys from 38 sub-Saharan African countries, we aimed to identify, through different poverty classifications, the best classification in urban and large city contexts. Additionally, we characterized the poor and rich groups in terms of living standards and schooling. We relied on absolute and relative measures in the identification process. For absolute ones, we selected people living below the poverty line, socioeconomic deprivation status and the UN-Habitat slum definition...
January 9, 2024: Journal of Urban Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38190358/the-epidemiology-of-hiv-infection-among-female-sex-workers-in-nairobi-kenya-a-structural-determinants-and-life-course-perspective
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tara S Beattie, Wendy Adhiambo, Rhoda Kabuti, Alicja Beksinska, Pauline Ngurukiri, Hellen Babu, Mary Kung'u, Chrispo Nyamweya, Anne Mahero, Erastus Irungu, Peter Muthoga, Janet Seeley, Joshua Kimani, Helen A Weiss, Rupert Kaul
High HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs) is heavily influenced by structural determinants (e.g. criminalisation of sex work; violence) and significant life events (e.g. orphanhood, teenage pregnancy). This study aims to understand the epidemiology of HIV among FSWs in Nairobi, Kenya using a structural determinants and life-course perspective. Baseline cross-sectional survey data were collected June-December 2019 for the Maisha Fiti study with 1003 FSWs (aged 18-45 years). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multivariable logistic regression with a hierarchical modelling approach...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38170773/tbscreen-a-passive-cough-classifier-for-tuberculosis-screening-with-a-controlled-dataset
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manuja Sharma, Videlis Nduba, Lilian N Njagi, Wilfred Murithi, Zipporah Mwongera, Thomas R Hawn, Shwetak N Patel, David J Horne
Recent respiratory disease screening studies suggest promising performance of cough classifiers, but potential biases in model training and dataset quality preclude robust conclusions. To examine tuberculosis (TB) cough diagnostic features, we enrolled subjects with pulmonary TB ( N = 149) and controls with other respiratory illnesses ( N = 46) in Nairobi. We collected a dataset with 33,000 passive coughs and 1600 forced coughs in a controlled setting with similar demographics. We trained a ResNet18-based cough classifier using images of passive cough scalogram as input and obtained a fivefold cross-validation sensitivity of 0...
January 5, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38166989/-what-if-i-get-sick-where-shall-i-go-a-qualitative-investigation-of-healthcare-engagement-among-young-gay-and-bisexual-men-in-nairobi-kenya
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel Waweru Mwaniki, Peter Mwenda Kaberia, Peter Mwangi Mugo, Thesla Palanee-Phillips
BACKGROUND: Globally, young gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) experience a disproportionate burden of disease compared to young heterosexual men and older MSM. However, YMSM experience major inequities in access and use of health services. We sought to gain a detailed understanding of YMSM's healthcare engagement experiences across public, private, tertiary institution-based and MSM-friendly health facilities in Nairobi, Kenya, to inform development of interventions to improve access and use of health services by YMSM...
January 2, 2024: BMC Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38154488/the-nairobi-declaration-2023-a-commitment-to-address-deadly-yet-neglected-fungal-diseases-in-africa
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iriagbonse I Osaigbovo, Nelesh P Govender, Alexander M Jordan, Felix Bongomin, David B Meya, Alice Kanyua, Olga M Mashedi, David Koffi, Angela Loyse, Aude Sturny-Leclère, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, David W Denning, Tom Chiller, Oliver Cornely, Rita O Oladele
On May 30th and 31st, 2023, delegates representing various African subregions, together with global representatives from the International Society of Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM,) United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Global Action for Fungal Infections (GAFFI), convened in Nairobi, Kenya under the aegis of the Pan African Mycology Working Group, a working group of ISHAM. The meeting objectives were, amongst others, to deliberate on a continental response to the World Health Organization Fungal Priority Pathogen List and facilitate interaction between global and regional leaders...
December 28, 2023: Medical Mycology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38135334/determinants-of-access-to-and-use-of-gestational-diabetes-mellitus-services-in-kenya-a-multimethod-case-study-protocol
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angela Obongo, Marie Tallarek, Jacob Spallek
INTRODUCTION: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a growing public health issue in many low and middle-income countries (LMICs), making up about 90% of the global burden of GDM. Additionally, LMICs' healthcare systems are already overwhelmed by the prevalence of communicable diseases. It is crucial to understand the patterns of GDM in sub-Saharan African countries. Early detection, lifestyle and medication interventions, regular prenatal visits and effective postpartum management can help avert the future development of type 2 diabetes...
December 22, 2023: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38134188/a-cross-sectional-survey-on-the-effectiveness-of-public-health-campaigns-for-changing-knowledge-attitudes-and-practices-in-kenyan-informal-settlements-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven Scholfield, Geraldine D Kavembe, Rodney R Duncan, Bernhards O Ragama, Jared Mecha, Albert Orwa, Geoffrey Otomu, Erick Wanga, James Astleford, John Gutto, Isaac Kibwage, Julius Ogato, Arpana Verma, Keith Brennan, Jonathan Huck, Diana Mitlin, Mahesh Nirmalan
We performed two cross-sectional surveys across three informal settlements in Kenya (within Kisii county, Nairobi, and Nakuru county) to study the effectiveness of public health interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 720 participants were surveyed from 120 randomly selected geographical locations (240 participants/settlement/survey), and a coordinated health promotion campaign was delivered between the two surveys by trained staff. Information relating to knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) were collected by trained field workers using a validated questionnaire...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38118118/surviving-pandemic-control-measures-the-experiences-of-female-sex-workers-during-covid-19-in-nairobi-kenya
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hellen Babu, Rhoda Wanjiru, Mamtuti Paneh, Emily Nyariki, James Pollock, Jennifer Liku, Alicja Beksinka, Mary Kung'u, Pooja Shah, Tara Beattie, Joshua Kimani, Janet Seeley
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Kenya Ministry of Health instituted movement cessation measures and limits on face-to-face meetings. We explore the ways in which female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi were affected by the COVID-19 control measures and the ways they coped with the hardships. Forty-seven women were randomly sampled from the Maisha Fiti study, a longitudinal study of 1003 FSWs accessing sexual reproductive health services in Nairobi for an in-depth qualitative interview 4-5 months into the pandemic...
January 2024: Global Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38114279/childhood-and-adolescent-factors-shaping-vulnerability-to-underage-entry-into-sex-work-a-quantitative-hierarchical-analysis-of-female-sex-workers-in-nairobi-kenya
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pooja Shah, Rhoda Kabuti, Alicja Beksinska, Emily Nyariki, Hellen Babu, Mary Kungu, Zaina Jama, Pauline Ngurukiri, Rupert Kaul, Nambusi Kyegombe, Graham F Medley, Karen Devries, Janet Seeley, Helen Anne Weiss, Tara S Beattie, Joshua Kimani
OBJECTIVE: To explore factors associated with early age at entry into sex work, among a cohort of female sex workers (FSWs) in Nairobi, Kenya. BACKGROUND: Younger age at sex work initiation increases the risk of HIV acquisition, condom non-use, violence victimisation and alcohol and/or substance use problems. This study aimed to understand factors in childhood and adolescence that shape the vulnerability to underage sex work initiation. DESIGN: Building on previous qualitative research with this cohort, analysis of behavioural-biological cross-sectional data using hierarchical logistic regression...
December 19, 2023: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38074741/voices-and-challenges-of-marginalized-and-vulnerable-groups-in-urban-informal-settlements-in-nairobi-kenya-building-on-a-spectrum-of-community-based-participatory-research-approaches
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robinson Karuga, Caroline Kabaria, Ivy Chumo, Linet Okoth, Inviolata Njoroge, Lilian Otiso, Nelly Muturi, Jiban Karki, Laura Dean, Rachel Tolhurst, Rosie Steege, Kim Ozano, Sally Theobald, Blessing Mberu
Urbanization is rapidly increasing across Africa, including in Nairobi, Kenya. Many people, recent migrants and long-term residents, live within dense and dynamic urban informal settlements. These contexts are fluid and heterogeneous, and deepening the understanding of how vulnerabilities and marginalization are experienced is important to inform pointed action, service delivery and policy priorities. The aim of this paper is to explore vulnerabilities and marginalization within Korogocho and Viwandani informal settlements in Nairobi and generate lessons on the value of a spectrum of community based participatory research approaches for understanding health and well-being needs and pinpointing appropriate interventions...
2023: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38062432/teamwork-in-community-health-committees-a-case-study-in-two-urban-informal-settlements
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robinson Karuga, Sitara Khan, Maryse Kok, Malkia Moraa, Patrick Mbindyo, Jacqueline Broerse, Marjolein Dieleman
BACKGROUND: Community health committees (CHCs) are mechanisms for community participation in decision-making and overseeing health services in several low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). There is little research that examines teamwork and internal team relationships between members of these committees in LMICs. We aimed to assess teamwork and factors that affected teamwork of CHCs in an urban slum setting in Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS: Using a qualitative case-study design, we explored teamwork of two CHCs based in two urban informal settlements in Nairobi...
December 7, 2023: BMC Health Services Research
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