keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476950/diversity-of-species-and-geographic-distribution-of-tick-borne-viruses-in-china
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi Wu, Qian Zhou, Meihan Mao, Huangliang Chen, Rui Qi
INTRODUCTION: Tick-borne pathogens especially viruses are continuously appearing worldwide, which have caused severe public health threats. Understanding the species, distribution and epidemiological trends of tick-borne viruses (TBVs) is essential for disease surveillance and control. METHODS: In this study, the data on TBVs and the distribution of ticks in China were collected from databases and literature. The geographic distribution of TBVs in China was mapped based on geographic locations of viruses where they were prevalent or they were detected in vector ticks...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38446820/impact-of-dreams-interventions-on-attitudes-towards-gender-norms-among-adolescent-girls-and-young-women-findings-from-a-prospective-cohort-in-kenya
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kate Andrews Nelson, Faith Magut, Sarah Mulwa, Jane Osindo, Vivienne Kamire, Sammy Khagayi, Julie Pulerwitz, Sarah Cook, Annabelle Gourlay, Abdhalah Ziraba, Daniel Kwaro, Sian Floyd, Isolde Birdthistle
The DREAMS partnership aims to deliver a comprehensive package to reduce HIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), including through shifting gender norms. We evaluate DREAMS' effect on attitudes towards gender norms in two Kenyan settings. AGYW aged 15-22 in Nairobi (n = 852) and Gem (n = 761) were randomly selected for cohort enrolment in 2017-18 and followed-up to 2019. We described the proportion of AGYW and their male peers with equitable attitudes towards gender norms, using an adapted version of the GEM scale...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426033/do-adolescent-girls-education-and-friendships-have-independent-effects-on-early-pregnancy-results-of-a-mediation-analysis-from-a-longitudinal-cohort-study-in-nairobi-kenya
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina Misunas, Erica Soler-Hampejsek, Beth Kangwana, Nicole A Haberland
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined whether the effect of education on pregnancy and childbearing is due to the academic skills acquired or the social environment that schooling provides. This paper explores whether adolescent girls' learning skills, school enrollment, grade attainment, and friendships affect risk of pregnancy, and whether friendships mediate the relationship between education and pregnancy. METHODS: We draw on three waves of longitudinal data on adolescent girls aged 11-15 in Kibera, an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya between years 2015-2019...
March 2024: SSM—Population Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38423546/safeguarding-in-practice-anticipating-minimising-and-mitigating-risk-in-teenage-pregnancy-research-in-urban-informal-settlements-in-nairobi-kenya
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lilian Otiso, Rosie Steege, Inviolata Njoroge, Linet Okoth, Phil Tubb, Elizabeth Nyothach, Penelope A Phillips-Howard, Sally Theobald, Miriam Taegtmeyer
Safeguarding challenges in global health research include sexual abuse and exploitation, physical and psychological abuse, financial exploitation and neglect. Intersecting individual identities (such as gender and age) shape vulnerability to risk. Adolescents, who are widely included in sexual and reproductive health research, may be particularly vulnerable. Sensitive topics like teenage pregnancy may lead to multiple risks. We explored potential safeguarding risks and mitigation strategies when studying teenage pregnancies in informal urban settlements in Nairobi, Kenya...
February 29, 2024: BMJ Global Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38422055/health-inequalities-at-the-intersection-of-multiple-social-determinants-among-under-five-children-residing-nairobi-urban-slums-an-application-of-multilevel-analysis-of-individual-heterogeneity-and-discriminatory-accuracy-maihda
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eliud Kibuchi, Ivy Chumo, Caroline Kabaria, Helen Elsey, Penelope Phillips-Howard, Noemia Teixeira de Siqueira-Filha, Lana Whittaker, Alastair H Leyland, Blessing Mberu, Linsay Gray
In this analysis we examine through an intersectionality lens how key social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with health conditions among under-five children (<5y) residing in Nairobi slums, Kenya. We used cross-sectional data collected from Nairobi slums between June and November 2012 to explore how multiple interactions of SDoH shape health inequalities in slums. We applied multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) approach. We constructed intersectional strata for each health condition from combinations of significant SDoH obtained using univariate analyses...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409006/intimate-partner-violence-and-postpartum-healthcare-access-in-kenya-a-cross-sectional-study
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca Woofter, John Mboya, Ginger Golub, May Sudhinaraset
BACKGROUND: Intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts physical health, mental health, and healthcare use. IPV during pregnancy, in particular, is associated with lower rates of antenatal care, but no studies have assessed the association between IPV and postpartum healthcare. This study aims to examine the link between IPV (emotional, physical, and sexual) and two outcomes: postpartum healthcare use and access to family planning. METHODS: This study uses data from a cross-sectional survey of 859 women in Nairobi and Kiambu counties in Kenya who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020...
February 26, 2024: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38408049/utilizing-a-multi-stage-transition-model-for-analysing-child-stunting-in-two-urban-slum-settlements-of-nairobi-a-longitudinal-analysis-2011-2014
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael S Oduro, Samuel Iddi, Louis Asiedu, Gershim Asiki, Damazo T Kadengye
INTRODUCTION: Stunting is common among children in many low and middle income countries, particularly in rural and urban slum settings. Few studies have described child stunting transitions and the associated factors in urban slum settlements. We describe transitions between stunting states and associated factors among children living in Nairobi slum settlements. METHODS: This study used data collected between 2010 and 2014 from the Nairobi Urban and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) and a vaccination study nested within the surveillance system...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38406988/focused-cardiac-ultrasound-competency-among-pre-internship-medical-officers-in-diagnosing-cardiac-causes-of-dyspnea
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Muriuki, Jacqueline Kagima, Anne Mugera, Elizabeth Joekes, Thomas Kwasa, Mark David Joshi
BACKGROUND: Differentiating cardiovascular causes of dyspnea in resource-limited healthcare settings can be challenging. The use of easy-to-train, point-of-care, focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) protocols may potentially alleviate this challenge. RESEARCH QUESTION: Can novices attain competency in FoCUS use after training using the cardiac ultrasound for resource-limited settings (CURLS) protocol? METHODS: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at the Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound: JCU
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38406047/paradoxical-and-unmasking-hiv-immune-reconstitution-inflammation-syndrome-in-antiretroviral-na%C3%A3-ve-pregnant-women-a-prospective-cohort-study
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John K Muthuka, Everlyn M Nyamai, Kelly Oluoch, Charles Maibvise, Rosemary Nabaweesi
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Following antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, HIV-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), indicated by an array of opportunistic infections, may occur, presenting as either paradoxical, a worsening of a previously treated infection, or unmasking, a flare-up of an underlying, previously undiagnosed infection. The impact of ART as the backbone of HIV treatment and prevention has prolonged the survival of people living with HIV. In pregnancy, benefits have been shown by slowing HIV progression and preventing perinatal transmission; however, there have been risks of adverse reactions with ART, including immune responses to both the fetus and mother...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38394140/typhoidal-salmonella-disease-in-mukuru-informal-settlement-nairobi-kenya-carriage-diversity-and-antimicrobial-resistant-genes
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Purity Kasiano, Susan Kavai, Susan Kiiru, Andrew Nyerere, Samuel Kariuki
INTRODUCTION: Multiple studies have shown that typhoid fever is endemic in developing countries characterized by poor hygiene. A unique way of Salmonella Typhi (S.Typhi) pathogenicity is establishing a persistent, usually asymptomatic carrier state in some infected individuals who excrete large numbers of bacteria in faeces. This study aimed to determine the isolation rate of S.Typhi from blood and stool samples among cases and asymptomatic individuals in the Mukuru informal settlement and identify antibiotic resistance patterns within the same population...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388369/enteric-bacterial-agents-associated-with-diarrhea-and-their-antimicrobial-sensitivity-profiles-in-children-under-5-years-from-mukuru-informal-settlement-nairobi-kenya
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Susan Kiiru, John Maina, John Njeru Mwaniki, Edinah Songoro, Samuel Kariuki
BACKGROUND: In Kenya, diarrhoeal disease is the third leading cause of child mortality after malaria and pneumonia, accounting for nearly 100 deaths daily. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Mukuru informal settlements to determine the bacteria associated with diarrhea and their ASTs to provide data essential for implementing appropriate intervention measures. METHODS: Diarrheagenic children (≤ 5 years) were purposively recruited from outpatient clinics of Municipal City Council, Mukuru kwa Reuben, Medical Missionaries of Mary, and Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital, Nairobi...
February 22, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38372926/climate-change-and-geo-environmental-factors-influencing-desertification-a-critical-review
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paramita Roy, Subodh Chandra Pal, Rabin Chakrabortty, Indrajit Chowdhuri, Asish Saha, Dipankar Ruidas, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam, Aznarul Islam
The problem of desertification (DSF) is one of the most severe environmental disasters which influence the overall condition of the environment. In Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit on Environment and Development (1922), DSF is defined as arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid induced LD and that is adopted at the UNEP's Nairobi ad hoc meeting in 1977. It has been seen that there is no variability in the trend of long-term rainfall, but the change has been found in the variability of temperature (avg. temp. 0-5 °C)...
February 19, 2024: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38370861/integrating-oral-health-within-kenyan-hiv-research-policy-structure-stakeholder-analysis
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Lucia Seminario, Marina Martinez, Immaculate Opondo, Sara Stanley, Matthew Saxton, Arthur M Kemoli
BACKGROUND: Kenya has a remarkably high burden of oral diseases, especially in vulnerable communities like persons with HIV (PWH). In the last few decades, the National AIDS & STI Control Programme has efficiently and successfully provided care and prevention against HIV for people living in Kenya. OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of integrating oral health into HIV research and policy structures in Kenya. METHODS: The study took place between November 2021 and April 2022 in the cities of Nairobi, Kisumu, Mombasa, and Eldoret town...
2024: Annals of Global Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38370223/assessment-of-factors-influencing-adoption-of-postharvest-loss-reduction-practices-along-the-mango-value-chain-in-embu-machakos-and-nairobi-counties-kenya
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rose Githumbi, John Mburu, Ackello Ogutu, Jane Ambuko
Use of loss reduction practices are critical to ensuring losses are reduced significantly along the value chain. This necessitates for the need to assess the factors that influence adoption of the loss reductio practices to have better targeting and development. Therefore, the current study assessed the factors that influence adoption, and multistage sampling technique was employed. The counties and the sub-counties were purposively selected, and the mapping began from Nairobi which is the main market for mangoes...
February 29, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38368566/histological-types-of-brain-tumors-diagnosed-at-the-kenyatta-national-hospital-between-2016-and-2019-a-retrospective-study
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samwel Rema Gesaka, Parmenas Minda Okemwa, Philip Maseghe Mwachaka
PURPOSE: To determine the histological types of brain tumors diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. METHODS: This retrospective study retrieved patient-archived records at the Kenyatta National Hospital for the period 2016-2019. The histological types of brain tumors were assessed according to age, sex, and the WHO classification for CNS tumors using the GNU PSPP version 1.6.2-g78a33 software. Results were presented in tables and figures. RESULTS: During the study period, brain tumors appeared to increase gradually; however, there was a decline in 2018...
February 18, 2024: Discover. Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364104/early-antiretroviral-therapy-and-its-impact-on-natural-killer-cell-dynamics-in-hiv-1-infected-men-who-have-sex-with-men-a-cross-sectional-pilot-study-evaluating-the-impact-of-early-art-initiation-on-nk-cell-perturbation-in-hiv-infection
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matrona Akiso, Daniel Muema, Robert Langat, Kewreshini K Naidoo, Geoffrey Oino, Gaudensia Mutua, Christina Thobakgale, Daniel Ochiel, Kundai Chinyenze, Omu Anzala, Marianne W Mureithi
Phenotypic changes and functional impairment of natural killer (NK) cells occur early in HIV-1 infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively restores CD4+ T cell counts and suppresses HIV-1 to undetectable levels. The role and efficacy of immediate ART initiation in mitigating NK cell aberrations remain to be elucidated comprehensively. This study hypothesized that HIV-1 infection negatively influences NK cell evolution and that early ART initiation restores these perturbations. Blood samples were collected longitudinally from five acutely HIV-1 infected men who have sex with men in Nairobi, Kenya...
February 16, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38361949/age-dependent-acquisition-of-igg-antibodies-to-shigella-serotypes-a-retrospective-analysis-of-seroprevalence-in-kenyan-children-with-implications-for-infant-vaccination
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melissa C Kapulu, Esther Muthumbi, Edward Otieno, Omar Rossi, Pietro Ferruzzi, Francesca Necchi, Alessandra Acquaviva, Laura B Martin, Benedict Orindi, Kennedy Mwai, Hillary Kibet, Alfred Mwanzu, Godfrey M Bigogo, Jennifer R Verani, Cecilia Mbae, Christopher Nyundo, Charles N Agoti, Usman Nasir Nakakana, Valentino Conti, Philip Bejon, Samuel Kariuki, J Anthony G Scott, Francesca Micoli, Audino Podda
BACKGROUND: Shigellosis mainly affects children under 5 years of age living in low- and middle-income countries, who are the target population for vaccination. There are, however, limited data available to define the appropriate timing for vaccine administration in this age group. Information on antibody responses following natural infection, proxy for exposure, could help guide vaccination strategies. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective analysis of antibodies to five of the most prevalent Shigella serotypes among children aged <5 years in Kenya...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38349938/perceptions-of-diabetes-risk-and-prevention-in-nairobi-kenya-a-qualitative-and-theory-of-change-development-study
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anthony Muchai Manyara, Elizabeth Mwaniki, Jason M R Gill, Cindy M Gray
BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is increasing in Kenya, especially in urban settings, and prevention interventions based on local evidence and context are urgently needed. Therefore, this study aimed to explore diabetes risk and co-create a diabetes prevention theory of change in two socioeconomically distinct communities to inform future diabetes prevention interventions. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with middle-aged residents in two communities in Nairobi (one low-income (n = 15), one middle-income (n = 14)), and thematically analysed...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38344005/hearing-loss-detection-and-early-intervention-strategies-in-kenya
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Serah Ndegwa, Michelle Pavlik, Emily R Gallagher, Maureen King'e, Manaseh Bocha, Lilian Wairimu Mokoh, Isaac Macharia, Paige Stringer, Irene Njuguna, Dalton Wamalwa, Sarah Benki-Nugent
BACKGROUND: Thirty-four million children globally have disabling hearing loss, with the highest prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Early identification and management is crucial, yet barriers to screening and treatment of hearing loss are extensive in LMICs. Unaddressed hearing loss negatively impacts individuals and communities. The WHO's 2021 World Report on Hearing urges the development of Ear and Hearing Care (EHC) programs to improve access to all aspects of care, including screening, diagnostics, management, and developmental support...
2024: Annals of Global Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38339849/ovarian-cancer-survival-in-sub-saharan-africa-by-human-development-index-and-histological-subtypes-a-population-based-registry-study
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muluken Gizaw, Donald Maxwell Parkin, Ole Stöter, Phiona Bukirwa, Edom Seife, Gladys Chesumbai, Anne Korir, Biying Liu, Shyam S Manraj, Guy Nda, Nontuthuzelo I M Somdyala, Eva Johanna Kantelhardt
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fourth most common cancer of women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), although few data have been published on population-level survival. We estimate ovarian cancer survival in SSA by human development index and histological subtype, using data from seven population-based cancer registries in six countries: Kenya (Nairobi and Eldoret), Mauritius, Uganda (Kampala), Cote d'Ivoire (Abidjan), Ethiopia (Addis Ababa) and South Africa (Eastern Cape). A total of 644 cases diagnosed during 2008-2014 were included, with 77% being of epithelial subtypes (range 47% [Abidjan]-80% [Mauritius])...
February 10, 2024: International Journal of Cancer. Journal International du Cancer
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