ard1

Angusta gen. n. is erected in the cicada tribe Leptopsaltriini Moulton, 1923, and one new species, Angusta fangtingyui sp. n., is described from China. The relationship of this new genus to related taxa is discussed based on morphology and the phylogeny of Angusta fangtingyui gen. & sp. n. and representative species of subtribes Puranina, Leptopsaltriina, Euterpnosiina and Leptosemiina, which was reconstructed based on the concatenated dataset of three genes (COI + EF-1 + ARD1). Accordingly, Angusta gen...

NAA10 is a novel biomarker of cancer progression. The oncogenic and biological mechanisms of NAA10 in human malignancies are controversial and remain to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the biological and clinicopathological implications of NAA10 gene expression in adult gliomas. We collected data from The Human Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, including patients from TCGA-GBM and TCGA-LGG projects. In total, there were 666 patients from the 2 projects (513 and 153 from TCGA-LGG and TCGA-GBM, respectively)...

BACKGROUND: The regulation of glycolysis and autophagy during feeding and metamorphosis in holometabolous insects is a complex process that is not yet fully understood. Insulin regulates glycolysis during the larval feeding stage, allowing the insects to grow and live. However, during metamorphosis, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) takes over and regulates programmed cell death (PCD) in larval tissues, leading to degradation and ultimately enabling the insects to transform into adults. The precise mechanism through which these seemingly contradictory processes are coordinated remains unclear and requires further research...

Genome-encoded antibiotic resistance (ARE) ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins of the F subfamily (ARE-ABCFs) mediate intrinsic resistance in diverse Gram-positive bacteria. The diversity of chromosomally-encoded ARE-ABCFs is far from being fully experimentally explored. Here we characterise phylogenetically diverse genome-encoded ABCFs from Actinomycetia (Ard1 from Streptomyces capreolus, producer of the nucleoside antibiotic A201A), Bacilli (VmlR2 from soil bacterium Neobacillus vireti) and Clostridia (CplR from Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridioides difficile)...

AIMS: Aberrant overactivation/overexpression of NRF2 is implicated as a driving event in tumor progression, which has been attributed to its mutation or inactivation of the inhibitory protein, KEAP1. However, alternative mechanisms responsible for sustained activation of NRF2 are less understood. MAIN METHODS: Human colon cancer cell lines and tissues obtained from colorectal cancer patients were used. To examine the expression levels of ARD1 and NRF2, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were performed...

The development and growth of a normal prostate gland, as well as its physiological functions, are regulated by the actions of androgens through androgen receptor (AR) signaling which drives multiple cellular processes including transcription, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis in prostate cells. Post-translational regulation of AR plays a vital role in directing its cellular activities via modulating its stability, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity. Among various post-translational modifications (PTMs), acetylation is an essential PTM recognized in AR and is governed by the regulated actions of acetyltransferases and deacetyltransferases...

Serotonin N -acetyltransferase is the penultimate enzyme in the melatonin biosynthetic pathway that catalyzes serotonin into N -acetylserotonin. Many SNAT genes have been cloned and characterized from organisms ranging from bacteria to plants and mammals. However, to date, no SNAT gene has been identified from Archaea. In this study, three archaeal SNAT candidate genes were synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli , and SNAT enzyme activity was measured using their purified recombinant proteins. Two SNAT candidate genes, from Methanoregulaceae (Archaea) and Pyrococcus furiosus , showed no SNAT enzyme activity, whereas a SNAT candidate gene from Thermoplasma volcanium previously named TvArd1 exhibited SNAT enzyme activity...

Breast Cancer 1 ( BRCA1 ) gene is a well-characterized tumor suppressor gene, mutations of which are primarily found in women with breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1-associated RING domain 1 ( BARD1 ) gene has also been identified as an important tumor suppressor gene in breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers. Underscoring the functional significance of the BRCA1 and BARD1 interactions, prevalent mutations in the BRCA1 gene are found in its RING domain, through which it binds the RING domain of BARD1. BARD1-BRCA1 heterodimer plays a crucial role in a variety of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, including DNA damage checkpoint and homologous recombination (HR)...

Protein kinase C-δ (PKCδ) is a diacylglycerol-dependent, calcium-independent novel PKC isoform that is engaged in various cell signaling pathways, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In this study, we searched for proteins that bind PKCδ using a yeast two-hybrid assay and identified murine arrest-defective 1 (mARD1) as a binding partner. The interaction between PKCδ and mARD1 was confirmed by glutathione S-transferase pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Furthermore, recombinant PKCδ phosphorylated full-length mARD1 protein...

Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii are soil dwelling dimorphic fungi found in North and South America. Inhalation of aerosolized asexual conidia can result in asymptomatic, acute, or chronic respiratory infection. In the United States there are approximately 350,000 new infections per year. The Coccidioides genus is the only known fungal pathogen to make specialized parasitic spherules, which contain endospores that are released into the host upon spherule rupture. The molecular determinants involved in this key step of infection remain largely elusive as 49% of genes are hypothetical with unknown function...

Arrest defective 1 (ARD1), also known as N(alpha)-acetyltransferase 10 (NAA10) was originally identified as an N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT) that catalyzes the acetylation of N-termini of newly synthesized peptides. After that, mammalian ARD1/NAA10 expanded its' role to lysine acetyltransferase (KAT) that post-translationally acetylates internal lysine residues of proteins. ARD1/NAA10 is the only enzyme with both NAT and KAT activities. However, recent studies on the role of human ARD1/NAA10 (hARD1/NAA10) in lysine acetylation are contradictory, as crystal structure and in vitro acetylation assay results revealed the lack of KAT activity...

Arrest defective 1 is an acetyltransferase that acetylates N-terminal amino acid or internal lysine residues of its target proteins. By acetylating its target proteins, ARD1 plays roles in many cellular activities, including proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. In recent years, a number of investigations have emerged reporting the dysregulated expression of ARD1 in different types of cancer, including lung, liver, pancreas, breast, prostate, and colon cancer. Furthermore, the expression level of ARD1 in cancer tissues has been correlated with the progression and metastasis of the cancer and the survival of cancer patients...

Proteins undergo acetylation at the Nε-amino group of lysine residues and the Nα-amino group of the N-terminus in Archaea as in Bacteria and Eukarya. However, the extent, pattern and roles of the modifications in Archaea remain poorly understood. Here we report the proteomic analyses of a wild-type Sulfolobus islandicus strain and its mutant derivative strains lacking either a homologue of the protein acetyltransferase Pat (Δ Sis Pat) or a homologue of the Nt-acetyltransferase Ard1 (Δ Sis Ard1)...

Rhodiola rosea has been used in the treatment of acute mountain sickness (AMS) for a long time, but the mechanism of its action is not still completely clear. In this paper, the therapeutic mechanism of R rosea for AMS was investigated by analysis of the relationship between R rosea compositions and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) degradation pathway.System biology and network biology, computational approaches were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).Our results showed that chemical compositions of R rosea could inhibit the targets of HIF-1 degradation pathway in multi-composition/multi-target ways...

The expression of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) promotes the growth of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, IKKβ mediates the phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of arrest-defective protein 1 (ARD1). However, the relationship between IKKβ and ARD1 in the occurrence of breast cancer has not been reported. In this study, we found that IKKβ not only acts directly on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity but also indirectly acts on mTOR activity through posttranscriptional modification of ARD1, thereby effectively promoting the growth of breast cancer cells...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in prostate development and homeostasis. Dysregulation of this pathway activates AR leading to PCa pathogenesis and progression. AR binds testosterone and other male hormones, which then undergoes post-translational modification for AR nuclear translocation and transcriptional activation. AR activation by post-translational modification is thus imperative for PCa cell growth and survival...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a representative example of a malignancy with a poor prognosis, is characterized by high mortality because it is typically in an advanced stage at diagnosis and leaves very little hepatic functional reserve. Despite advances in medical and surgical techniques, there is no omnipotent tool that can diagnose HCC early and then cure it medically or surgically. Several recent studies have shown that a variety of pathways are involved in the development, growth, and even metastasis of HCC...

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical alterations that occur in proteins that play critical roles in various cellular functions. Lysine acetylation is an important PTM in eukaryotes, and it is catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs). KATs transfer acetyl-coenzyme A to the internal lysine residue of substrate proteins. Arrest defective 1 (ARD1) is a member of the KAT family. Since the identification of its KAT activity 15 years ago, many studies have revealed that diverse cellular proteins are acetylated by ARD1...

SAM domain and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) that inhibits retroviruses by depleting intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) in non-cycling myeloid cells. Although SAMHD1 is expressed ubiquitously throughout the human body, the molecular mechanisms regulating its enzymatic activity and function in non-immune cells are relatively unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that the dNTPase activity of SAMHD1 is regulated by acetylation, which promotes cell cycle progression in cancer cells...

Aurora kinase A (AuA) is a prerequisite for centrosome maturation, separation, and mitotic spindle assembly, thus, it is essential for cell cycle regulation. Overexpression of AuA is implicated in poor prognosis of many types of cancer. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the functions of AuA are still not fully understood. Here, we report that AuA colocalizes with arrest defective protein 1 (ARD1) acetyltransferase during cell division and cell migration. Additionally, AuA is acetylated by ARD1 at lysine residues at positions 75 and 125...