keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488272/immunohistochemical-analysis-of-chronic-and-recurrent-dermatophytosis
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ramesh M Bhat, Monisha Madhumita, Nisha J Marla, Jyothi Jayaraman
BACKGROUND: Dermatophytosis has assumed epidemic proportions with rising resistance, recalcitrance and recurrence, especially in tropical regions. While various factors contribute to high prevalence worldwide, yet little is known about the interactions between host defence mechanisms and dermatophytes, particularly in chronic and recalcitrant dermatophytosis. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the population of various immune cells in specimens of chronic recurrent dermatophytosis and those with acute superficial dermatophytosis...
March 2024: Mycoses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483659/disseminated-superficial-dermatomycosis-due-to-xylaria-oxyacanthae
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sixuan Yang, Baihui Shan, Shuang Wang, Sushan Li, Fuqiu Li
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 14, 2024: Mycopathologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483066/responses-of-keratinocytes-to-trichophyton-mentagrophyte-infection-based-on-whole-transcriptome-analysis
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fangfang Zang, Zhangxu Wang, Yuanxue Yang, Ziyao Xiao, Zhaodan Wu, Jia Zhang, Bishibei Li, Jiayu Zheng, Xixi Zhu, Ying Wan, Ran Wang, Wudian Xiao
BACKGROUND: Dermatophytosis is an intractable superficial mycosis in humans and animals mainly caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes), with a global prevalence of about 20%. Keratinocytes are the most abundant participants in skin immunity, and they also play a role in the first-line defence against T. mentagrophytes. However, no studies of keratinocyte responses against T. mentagrophytes infection based on the whole transcriptome have been reported...
March 2024: Mycoses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38376363/a-chemical-screen-identifies-structurally-diverse-metal-chelators-with-activity-against-the-fungal-pathogen-candida-albicans
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Fallah, Dustin Duncan, Kyle D Reichl, Michael J Smith, Wenyu Wang, John A Porco, Lauren E Brown, Luke Whitesell, Nicole Robbins, Leah E Cowen
Candida albicans , one of the most prevalent human fungal pathogens, causes diverse diseases extending from superficial infections to deadly systemic mycoses. Currently, only three major classes of antifungal drugs are available to treat systemic infections: azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins. Alarmingly, the efficacy of these antifungals against C. albicans is hindered both by basal tolerance toward the drugs and the development of resistance mechanisms such as alterations of the drug's target, modulation of stress responses, and overexpression of efflux pumps...
February 20, 2024: Microbiology Spectrum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38366288/identification-of-primary-metabolites-in-fungal-species-of-trichophyton-mentagrophyte-and-trichophyton-rubrum-by-nmr-spectroscopy
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rashmi Parihar, Upendra Singh, Anupam Das, Bikash Baishya, Vikramjeet Singh, S C Ahirwar, Sana Islahi, Manodeep Sen, Vineeta Mittal
BACKGROUND: Superficial mycoses are fungal infections limited to the outermost layers of the skin and its appendages. The chief causative agents of these mycoses are dermatophytes and yeasts. The diagnosis of dermatophytosis can be made by direct mycological examination with potassium hydroxide (10%-30%) of biological material obtained from patients with suspected mycosis, providing results more rapid than fungal cultures, which may take days or weeks. This information, together with clinical history and laboratory diagnosis, ensures that the appropriate treatment is initiated promptly...
February 2024: Mycoses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38305394/molecular-pathway-epidemiological-data-and-treatment-strategies-of-fungal-infection-mycoses-a-comprehensive-review
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Namrata Singh, Vibha Kumari, Karan Agrawal, Mayank Kulshreshtha
The recent increase in fungal infections is a health crisis. This surge is directly tied to the increase in immunocompromised people caused by changes in medical practice, such as the use of harsh chemotherapy and immunosuppressive medicines. Immunosuppressive disorders such as HIV have exacerbated the situation dramatically. Subcutaneous or superficial fungal infections can harm the skin, keratinous tissues, and mucous membranes. This category includes some of the most common skin disorders that impact millions of people worldwide...
January 16, 2024: Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38268929/the-emerging-pathogen-candida-metapsilosis-biological-aspects-virulence-factors-diagnosis-and-treatment
#7
REVIEW
Manuela Gómez-Gaviria, Laura C García-Carnero, Dario A Baruch-Martínez, Héctor M Mora-Montes
Fungal infections represent a constant and growing menace to public health. This concern is due to the emergence of new fungal species and the increase in antifungal drug resistance. Mycoses caused by Candida species are among the most common nosocomial infections and are associated with high mortality rates when the infection affects deep-seated organs. Candida metapsilosis is part of the Candida parapsilosis complex and has been described as part of the oral microbiota of healthy individuals. Within the complex, this species is considered the least virulent; however, the prevalence has been increasing in recent years, as well as an increment in the resistance to some antifungal drugs...
2024: Infection and Drug Resistance
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38248933/mid-infrared-spectroscopic-study-of-cultivating-medicinal-fungi-ganoderma-composition-development-and-strain-variability-of-basidiocarps
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andriy Synytsya, Roman Bleha, Anastasia Skrynnikova, Tamilla Babayeva, Jana Čopíková, František Kvasnička, Ivan Jablonsky, Pavel Klouček
Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was proposed for rapid, versatile, and non-invasive screening of Ganoderma basidiocarps to assess their potential for specific applications. Fifteen species and strains of this fungus were selected for analysis, and fine sections at different parts of young and mature basidiocarps were obtained. The spectra of fungal samples showed significant differences interpreted in terms of biochemical composition using characteristic bands of proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and triterpenoids...
December 28, 2023: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38231292/establishment-of-a-novel-short-tandem-repeat-typing-method-for-exophiala-dermatitidis
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamide Zoqi, Dirk Schmidt, Ludwig Sedlacek, Peter-Michael Rath, Joerg Steinmann, Lisa Kirchhoff
The opportunistic black yeast-like fungus Exophiala dermatitidis frequently colonizes the respiratory tract of cystic fibroses (CF) patients. Additionally, it can cause superficial, systemic, and cerebral forms of phaeohyphomycoses. The objective of this study was to develop and apply a microsatellite or short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping scheme for E. dermatitidis. In total, 82 E. dermatitidis isolates from various geographic origins (environmental = 9, CF = 63, invasive isolates = 9, melanin-deficient mutant = 1) were included in this study...
January 17, 2024: Mycopathologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38214426/comparing-the-diagnostic-accuracy-of-pcr-reverse-blot-hybridization-assay-and-conventional-fungus-study-in-superficial-fungal-infection-of-the-skin-a-systematic-review
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jae Joon Jeon, You Hyun Kim, Sung Ha Lim, Solam Lee, Eung Ho Choi
BACKGROUND: In superficial fungal infections, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the spread of infection and minimise the impact on patients' quality of life. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as KOH smear and fungal culture, have limitations in terms of sensitivity and turnaround time. Recently, the PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (PCR-REBA) has been developed for the direct detection of dermatophyte DNA. However, there is a lack of information assessing the diagnostic accuracy of PCR-REBA...
January 2024: Mycoses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38214375/treatment-of-onychomycosis-in-an-era-of-antifungal-resistance-role-for-antifungal-stewardship-and-topical-antifungal-agents
#11
REVIEW
Aditya K Gupta, Boni Elewski, Warren S Joseph, Shari R Lipner, C Ralph Daniel, Antonella Tosti, Eric Guenin, Mahmoud Ghannoum
A growing body of literature has marked the emergence and spread of antifungal resistance among species of Trichophyton, the most prevalent cause of toenail and fingernail onychomycosis in the United States and Europe. We review published data on rates of oral antifungal resistance among Trichophyton species; causes of antifungal resistance and methods to counteract it; and in vitro data on the role of topical antifungals in the treatment of onychomycosis. Antifungal resistance among species of Trichophyton against terbinafine and itraconazole-the two most common oral treatments for onychomycosis and other superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes-has been detected around the globe...
January 2024: Mycoses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38088126/navigating-fungal-infections-and-antifungal-stewardship-drug-resistance-susceptibility-testing-therapeutic-drug-monitoring-and-future-directions
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aditya K Gupta, Avantika Mann, Shruthi Polla Ravi, Tong Wang
Antifungal stewardship refers to the rational use of antifungal agents. Historically, in some instances, the misuse or overuse of antifungal agents has predisposed patients to an elevated risk of systemic side-effects and treatment resistance, as well as increased healthcare costs. Superficial mycoses, such as onychomycosis, are sometimes treated without any diagnostic testing and is associated with a high likelihood of self-diagnosis and self-treatment, potentially leading to the emergence of resistance against commonly used antifungals like terbinafine...
December 12, 2023: Italian journal of dermatology and venereology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38069482/from-mendel-to-mycoses-immuno-genomic-warfare-at-the-human-fungus-interface
#13
REVIEW
Donald C Vinh
Fungi are opportunists: They particularly require a defect of immunity to cause severe or disseminated disease. While often secondary to an apparent iatrogenic cause, fungal diseases do occur in the absence of one, albeit infrequently. These rare cases may be due to an underlying genetic immunodeficiency that can present variably in age of onset, severity, or other infections, and in the absence of a family history of disease. They may also be due to anti-cytokine autoantibodies. This review provides a background on how human genetics or autoantibodies underlie cases of susceptibility to severe or disseminated fungal disease...
December 8, 2023: Immunological Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38030275/invasive-malassezia-infections
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Masato Tashiro, Takahiro Takazono, Koichi Izumikawa
The Malassezia species are dimorphic fungi that require lipids such as olive oil for their growth. They are constituents of the normal human skin microbiota and can affix to the host or other surfaces through the establishment of biofilms. Malassezia species are accountable for superficial mycoses like folliculitis. Additionally, they are capable of causing invasive infections, such as of the bloodstream, in neonates and immunocompromised patients, albeit infrequently. Catheter-associated bloodstream infections in neonates are the most commonly reported invasive cases...
2023: Medical Mycology Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37957543/erythroderma-combined-with-deeper-dermal-dermatophytosis-due-to-trichophyton-rubrum-in-a-patient-with-myasthenia-gravis-first-case-report-and-literature-review
#15
REVIEW
Henan Si, Yang Li, Zhiyang Huang, Yan Cui, Shanshan Li
BACKGROUND: Dermatophytes are the most common causative pathogens of mycoses worldwide and usually cause superficial infections. However, they can enter deep into the dermis lead to invasive dermatophytosis such as deeper dermal dermatophytosis on rare occasions. Erythroderma is a severe dermatological manifestation of various diseases resulting in generalized skin redness, but erythroderma due to fungi infections is barely reported. In this article, we reported the first case of erythroderma combined with deeper dermal dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton rubrum (T...
November 13, 2023: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37907831/review-article-white-piedra-review-of-131-cases
#16
REVIEW
Ana Elena Guerrero-Ponce, Javier Araiza, Andrés Tirado-Sánchez, Alexandro Bonifaz
This study analyzes the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with White Piedra through a systematic review of cases in the literature. A sample of 131 subjects was considered, of which 91.6% were female and most were 18 years of age or younger. Most studies were conducted in Brazil, followed by India, and Mexico. The most common etiologic agent found was Trichosporon spp (34.3%). Most affected patients were asymptomatic (94.6%) and predisposing factors included long hair, use of a hair band or hair accessories, and wet hair...
October 31, 2023: Mycoses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37769535/development-and-diagnostic-evaluation-of-indirect-enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay-for-epidermophyton-floccosum-infection-in-humans
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G L Aruna
BACKGROUND: Epidermophyton floccosum is an anthrophophilic dermatophyte widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics. It can invade keratinized tissues of humans and cause superficial mycoses called dermatophytosis (ringworm). OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to develop an in-house indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to evaluate its performance for the immunological diagnosis of E. floccosum infection in humans. METHODS: An in-house indirect ELISA was developed using partially purified E...
September 25, 2023: International Immunopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37502605/dynamic-full-field-optical-coherence-tomography-for-live-cell-imaging-and-growth-phase-monitoring-in-aspergillus-fumigatus
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Maldiney, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Emilie Sitterlé, Jean-Marie Chassot, Olivier Thouvenin, Claude Boccara, Mathieu Blot, Lionel Piroth, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Pierre-Emmanuel Charles, Vishukumar Aimanianda, Bianca Podac, Léa Boulnois, Frédéric Dalle, Marc Sautour, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Fanny Lanternier
INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of cutaneous manifestations of deep mycoses relies on both histopathological and direct examinations. Yet, the current diagnostic criteria cannot prevent missed cases, including invasive aspergillosis, which requires the development of a novel diagnostic approach and imaging tools. We recently introduced the use of dynamic full-field optical coherence tomography (D-FF-OCT) in fungal diagnostics with a definition approaching that of conventional microscopy and the ability to return metabolic information regarding different fungal species...
2023: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37458853/the-role-of-trypan-blue-as-a-conventional-and-fluorescent-dye-for-the-diagnosis-of-superficial-mycoses-by-potassium-hydroxide-koh-testing
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Izabella Thays Jacob Felix, Beatriz Arfelli Martins, Celso Tadeu Barbosa Dos Santos, Romes José Tristão, Aldo Rogelis Aquiles Rodrigues, Meire Soares de Ataíde, Anderson Assunção Andrade
Direct microscopic examination of samples using potassium hydroxide (KOH) is a fast, simple, and inexpensive method to confirm clinical suspicion of superficial mycosis. However, the lack of color contrast in this test makes it difficult to separate any fungal structures from artifacts. The sensitivity of the KOH mount technique may be enhanced using both fluorochromes and conventional stains that highlight the fungal structures when observed under fluorescence microscopy and bright-field, respectively. Here we study the possibility of using Trypan Blue (TB), an azo dye which is often used as a live/dead marker, in the diagnosis of superficial mycoses by KOH testing...
July 17, 2023: Mycopathologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37379578/use-of-direct-microscopy-to-diagnose-superficial-mycoses-a-survey-of-uk-dermatology-practice
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David J Chandler, Reika Yamamoto, Rod J Hay
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 28, 2023: British Journal of Dermatology
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