Liver imaging

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Simple hepatic cysts, common benign liver conditions, are increasingly detected incidentally due to advancements in imaging technologies. While typically asymptomatic, complications such as compression of neighboring structures can arise, presenting unique diagnostic and management challenges. We present a doubly complicated case of a massive non-parasitic liver cyst in a 61-year-old female patient, manifesting with dyspnea and compression of the inferior vena cava...

OBJECTIVES: Surgery planning for liver tumour is carried out using contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images to determine the optimal resection strategy and to assess the volume of liver and tumour. Current surgery planning tools interpret even the functioning liver cells present within the tumour boundary as tumour. Plain CT images provide inadequate information for treatment planning. This work attempts to address two shortcomings of existing surgery planning tools: (i) to delineate functioning liver cells from the non-functioning tumourous tissues within the tumour boundary and (ii) to provide 3D visualization and actual tumour volume from the plain CT images...

We report an autopsy case of advanced esophageal cancer with multiple metastases that presented with a markedly high level of sIL-2R. An 83-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with a 1-week history of epigastric distress, appetite loss, and fatigue. Imaging examinations revealed a large liver tumor. Although the tumor markers for gastrointestinal and liver cancers were within normal limits, the sIL-2R level was extremely high (10,384 U/mL). The patient died immediately after admission due to the rapid course of the disease...

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are rare benign liver tumours. Predisposing factors and complication rates appear to differ among children and adults. In the present study, we aimed to systematically characterise paediatric HCAs and determine their course, complications, and management. Medical history, clinical symptoms, imaging, histopathology, and genetics of children with HCAs were collected through a systematic and comprehensive review of the published literature. A total of 316 children with HCAs were included in the present study...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a range of liver conditions, from benign fatty accumulation to severe fibrosis. The global prevalence of NAFLD has risen to 25-30%, with variations across ethnic groups. NAFLD may advance to hepatocellular carcinoma, increases cardiovascular risk, is associated with chronic kidney disease, and is an independent metabolic disease risk factor. Assessment methods for liver health include liver biopsy, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE by FibroScan)...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sarcopenia has gained considerable attention in the context of hepatocellular carcinoma, as it has been correlated with a poorer prognosis among patients undergoing sorafenib or lenvatinib treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical significance of sarcopenia in first-line advanced HCC patients treated with lenvatinib and programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors needs to be clarified. METHODS: Sarcopenia was diagnosed using CT (Computed tomography) or MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), with the psoas muscle index (PMI) as the surrogate marker...

BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is an effective treatment for liver failure. There is a large unmet demand, even as not all donated livers are transplanted. The clinical selection criteria for donor livers based on histopathological evaluation and liver function tests are variable. We integrated transcriptomics and histopathology to characterize donor liver biopsies obtained at the time of organ recovery. We performed RNA sequencing as well as manual and artificial intelligence-based histopathology (10 accepted and 21 rejected for transplantation)...

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), expressed in the tumor microenvironment of a variety of cancers, has become a target of novel PET tracers. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the imaging characteristics of 68 Ga-FAP-2286, present the first-to our knowledge-dosimetry analysis to date, and compare the agent with 18 F-FDG and FAPI compounds. Methods: Patients were administered 219 ± 43 MBq of 68 Ga-FAP-2286 and scanned after 60 min. Uptake was measured in up to 5 lesions per patient and within the kidneys, spleen, liver, and mediastinum (blood pool)...

BACKGROUND: Resmetirom, a liver-directed, thyroid hormone receptor beta-selective agonist, has recently been approved to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the efficiency and safety of resmetirom in treating NASH. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of resmetirom vs. placebo in patients with NASH. The primary outcomes were the changes from baseline in hepatic fat content, liver histology, including NASH resolution, and non-invasive markers of hepatic fibrosis...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term morphologic changes occurring in the liver after TIPS creation with correlation with hepatic function to gain insight on the physiologic impact of TIPS on the liver. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent TIPS creation between 2005 and 2022 and had contrasted CT or MRI studies prior to and between 1 and 2 years post procedure. Strict exclusion criteria were applied to avoid confounding...

BACKGROUND: The benefits of regular surveillance imaging for cholangiocarcinoma in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) are unclear. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the impact of regular magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) on outcomes of patients with PSC in Australia, where the practice of MRCP surveillance is variable. METHODS: The relationship between MRCP surveillance and survival outcomes was assessed in a multicenter, retrospective cohort of patients with PSC from 9 tertiary liver centers in Australia...

PURPOSE: To improve reproducibility and predictive performance of PET radiomic features in multicentric studies by cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (GAN) harmonization approaches. METHODS: GAN-harmonization was developed to harmonize whole-body PET scans to perform image style and texture translation between different centers and scanners. GAN-harmonization was evaluated by application to two retrospectively collected open datasets and different tasks...

The present research aimed at green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) based colorimetric sensor using persimmon leaf extract (PLE) for selective detection of mercuric ion (Hg2+ ). Optimization of reaction conditions viz. pH, concentration of PLE, time was done and further AgNPs were characterized using UV, IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD and TEM analysis. The developed AgNPs were evaluated for the selective colorimetric detection of Hg2+ in aqueous medium and fluorescence imaging of Hg2+ ions in liver cell lines. Later, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was performed against S...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, fibroblast activating protein (FAP), a biomarker overexpressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts, has emerged as one of the most promising biomarkers in oncology. Similarly, FAP overexpression has been detected in various fibroblast-mediated inflammatory conditions such as liver cirrhosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Along this trajectory, FAP-targeted positron emission tomography (PET), utilizing FAP inhibitors (FAPi) labeled with positron emitters, has gained traction as a powerful imaging approach in both cancer and inflammation...

Immunotherapy has changed the landscape of treatment options for patients with hepatocellular cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors are now standard of care for patients with advanced tumours, yet the majority remain resistant to this therapy and urgent approaches are needed to boost the efficacy of these agents. Targeting the liver endothelial cells, as the orchestrators of immune cell recruitment, within the tumour microenvironment of this highly vascular cancer could potentially boost immune cell infiltration. We demonstrate the successful culture of primary human liver endothelial cells in organ-on-a-chip technology followed by perfusion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells...

Background . Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is increasingly seen in children worldwide and it is more severe in children compared to adults. This study highlights the biochemical and clinical aspect, treatment given and outcome of the disease including pediatric liver transplantation. Study . Retrospective review (2012-2022) was done in Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. Patients under 18 years diagnosed with AIH were included. Data related to age, gender, clinical features, laboratory investigations including liver function test, liver biopsy findings and imaging modalities were included...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Gastric leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor among the primary gastric carcinomas. Among the different common presentations, dysphagia is an uncommon presentation of gastric leiomyosarcoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 29-year-old female presented with complaints of progressive dysphagia for 1 year associated with vomiting, significant weight loss, and anorexia for 6 months. On blood investigations, she had anemia, hypokalemia, prerenal acute kidney injury, and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Foreign bodies in the liver are uncommon but can lead to severe conditions like liver abscess and sepsis. They typically enter through direct penetration, migration from the gastrointestinal tract, or through the blood. Common foreign objects include metal pins, or sewing needles swallowed accidentally. CASE PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old male presented to our OPD with pain over the right abdomen with a prior history of projectile injury causing laceration over the right anterior abdomen with primary suturing...

BACKGROUND: Obesity impacts the diagnostic accuracy of shear wave elastography (SWE). A deep abdominal ultrasound transducer (DAX) capable of point (pSWE) and two-dimensional (2D)-SWE has recently been introduced to address this issue. METHODS: We performed a prospective study in a cohort of mostly patients with obesity undergoing liver biopsy with a high prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associate steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) was measured using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE), as well as pSWE and 2D SWE on the standard (5C1) and the DAX transducers...

A 62-year-old man with de novo large volume metastatic prostate cancer to the bone, liver, and nodes status post multiple lines of therapy including external beam radiation to T12-L2 approximately 13 months prior underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT to determine eligibility for 177Lu-PSMA therapy. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT demonstrated tracer-avid osseous and nodal lesions consistent with metastases. In addition, regional geographic tracer avidity was seen in the midline left hepatic lobe associated with capsular retraction and demonstrated no FDG avidity on subsequent imaging, probably inflammatory related to prior radiation to T12-L2...