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JOURNAL ARTICLE
I Vaněčková, J Zicha
A new class of antidiabetic drugs - gliflozins (inhibitors of sodium glucose cotransporter-2; SGLT-2i) stimulate glucose and sodium excretion, thereby contributing to improved glycemic control, weight loss and blood pressure reduction in diabetic patients. Large clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with empagliflozin, canagliflozin or dapagliflozin have demonstrated their excellent efficacy in improving many cardiovascular outcomes, including the reduction of death from cardiovascular diseases, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure...
April 18, 2024: Physiological Research
#2
REVIEW
Mark L Gaertner, Scott Mintzer, Christopher M DeGiorgio
Epilepsy is associated with increased mortality. Cardiovascular disease confers a significant portion of this increased risk. Recently there is increased interest in the burden of cardiovascular mortality in people with epilepsy. This review discusses the most common cardiovascular risk factors and their association with epilepsy including obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia related to the use of enzyme inducing anti-seizure medications is also discussed as a topic that is of particular importance to prescribers that have patients with comorbid cardiovascular risk and epilepsy...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shelby E McDonald, Lori R Kogan, Nichole L Nageotte, Jennifer Currin-McCulloch, Rachel Dickler-Mann
INTRODUCTION: Burnout and mental health among animal care and health professionals (ACHPs) has received increasing attention in recent years. Despite rapid growth of research in this area, the wellbeing of individuals who work and/or volunteer in zoo settings has received minimal attention. METHOD: An anonymous online survey was created to evaluate zoo staff and volunteers' experiences of animal-related loss, rates of professional fulfillment and burnout, mental health, perceived organizational support, and resilience...
2024: Frontiers in Psychiatry
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Romain Darriaut, Tania Marzari, Vincent Lailheugue, Joseph Tran, Guilherme Martins, Elisa Marguerit, Isabelle Masneuf-Pomarède, Virginie Lauvergeat
When grapevine decline, characterized by a premature decrease in vigor and yield and sometimes plant death, cannot be explained by pathological or physiological diseases, one may inquire whether the microbiological status of the soil is responsible. Previous studies have shown that the composition and structure of bacterial and fungal microbial communities in inter-row soil are affected in areas displaying vine decline, compared to areas with non-declining vines within the same plot. A more comprehensive analysis was conducted in one such plot...
2024: Frontiers in Plant Science
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aaron Jesuthasan, Michael Wride, Harriet Esdaile, Adam Daneshmend
Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP) can be a challenging diagnosis to make, due to its rarity in actual practice and presenting symptoms often being attributed to more common conditions. This is particularly the case, since many patients will likely present to acute and general hospitals where the diagnosis may often not be considered. However, it remains pivotal to diagnose the condition as early as possible to prevent significant morbidity and even death. Here we present an unexpected case of AIP, illustrating the diagnostic delay that is commonly seen with the condition and yet emphasise the importance of its detection to commence urgent treatment...
2024: Acute Medicine
#6
Meaghan Birkemeier, Arianna Swindle, Jacob Bowman, Vincent J Lynch
Gene loss can promote phenotypic differences between species, for example, if a gene constrains phenotypic variation in a trait, its loss allows for the evolution of a greater range of variation or even new phenotypes. Here, we explore the contribution of gene loss to the evolution of large bodies and augmented cancer resistance in elephants. We used genomes from 17 Afrotherian and Xenarthran species to identify lost genes, i.e., genes that have pseudogenized or been completely lost, and Dollo parsimony to reconstruct the evolutionary history of gene loss across species...
April 5, 2024: bioRxiv
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lara Cheslow, Matthew Byrne, Jessica S Kopenhaver, Lorraine Iacovitti, Richard J Smeyne, Adam E Snook, Scott A Waldman
Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are central drivers of dopaminergic (DA) neuron death in Parkinson's disease (PD). Guanylyl cyclases and their second messenger cyclic (c)GMP support mitochondrial function, protecting against ROS and promoting cell survival in several tissues. However, the role of the guanylyl cyclase-cGMP axis in defining the vulnerability of DA neurons in the SNpc in PD remains unclear, in part due to the challenge of manipulating cGMP levels selectively in midbrain DA neurons...
April 13, 2024: NPJ Parkinson's Disease
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ting Zhang, Xiao-Ling Duan, Yu-Xia Chen, Ying Feng, Qin-Rong Huang, Xiang Tang, Li Lin, Nong Xiao
BACKGROUND: Most children with neurocritical illness are at risk of physical, neurocognitive, and psychosocial sequelae and need centralized early rehabilitation care. OBJECTIVE: To identify the effectiveness and safety of centralized early rehabilitation care for children with severe acquired brain injury. METHODS: This is a mixed methods study-an implementation study and single-center retrospective cohort study with historical control. All children with severe acquired brain injury hospitalized in a specialized rehabilitation center in a comprehensive tertiary pediatric hospital between September 2016 and August 2020 were included...
2024: Science Progress
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hirotsugu Oda, Kalpana Manthiram, Pallavi Pimpale Chavan, Eva Rieser, Önay Veli, Öykü Kaya, Charles Rauch, Shuichiro Nakabo, Hye Sun Kuehn, Mariël Swart, Yanli Wang, Nisa Ilgim Çelik, Anne Molitor, Vahid Ziaee, Nasim Movahedi, Mohammad Shahrooei, Nima Parvaneh, Nasrin Alipour-Olyei, Raphael Carapito, Qin Xu, Silvia Preite, David B Beck, Jae Jin Chae, Michele Nehrebecky, Amanda K Ombrello, Patrycja Hoffmann, Tina Romeo, Natalie T Deuitch, Brynja Matthíasardóttir, James Mullikin, Hirsh Komarow, Jennifer Stoddard, Julie Niemela, Kerry Dobbs, Colin L Sweeney, Holly Anderton, Kate E Lawlor, Hiroyuki Yoshitomi, Dan Yang, Manfred Boehm, Jeremy Davis, Pamela Mudd, Davide Randazzo, Wanxia Li Tsai, Massimo Gadina, Mariana J Kaplan, Junya Toguchida, Christian T Mayer, Sergio D Rosenzweig, Luigi D Notarangelo, Kazuhiro Iwai, John Silke, Pamela L Schwartzberg, Bertrand Boisson, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Seiamak Bahram, Anand Prahalad Rao, Nieves Peltzer, Henning Walczak, Najoua Lalaoui, Ivona Aksentijevich, Daniel L Kastner
The linear ubiquitin assembly complex (LUBAC) consists of HOIP, HOIL-1 and SHARPIN and is essential for proper immune responses. Individuals with HOIP and HOIL-1 deficiencies present with severe immunodeficiency, autoinflammation and glycogen storage disease. In mice, the loss of Sharpin leads to severe dermatitis due to excessive keratinocyte cell death. Here, we report two individuals with SHARPIN deficiency who manifest autoinflammatory symptoms but unexpectedly no dermatological problems. Fibroblasts and B cells from these individuals showed attenuated canonical NF-κB responses and a propensity for cell death mediated by TNF superfamily members...
April 12, 2024: Nature Immunology
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristin Seltmann, Britta Hettich, Seraina Abele, Selina Gurri, Valeria Mantella, Jean-Christophe Leroux, Sabine Werner
Chloride channel accessory 2 (CLCA2) is a transmembrane protein, which promotes adhesion of keratinocytes and their survival in response to hyperosmotic stress. Here we show that CLCA2 is transported to the nucleus of keratinocytes via extracellular vesicles. The nuclear localization is functionally relevant, since wild-type CLCA2, but not a mutant lacking the nuclear localization signal, suppressed migration of keratinocytes and protected them from hyperosmotic stress-induced cell death. In the nucleus, CLCA2 bound to and activated β-catenin, resulting in enhanced expression of Wnt target genes...
April 2024: Journal of Extracellular Vesicles
#11
Shiting Xu, Takehito Shukuya, Shoko Shimamura, Takuo Hayashi, Yoshihiko Sato, Hitomi Shiozaki, Toshihiko Nishioki, Koichi Nishino, Motoyasu Kato, Aritoshi Hattori, Naoko Shimada, Kenji Suzuki, Shigehisa Kitano, Kazuhisa Takahashi
BACKGROUND: Hyperprogressive disease is an unexpected response pattern observed in immune checkpoint therapy and associated with poor prognosis. The rechallenge of programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors can be a treatment option in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who once responded to them. Here, we reported the hyperprogressive phenomenon after PD-1/PD-L1 rechallenge in a patient with NSCLC. CASE DESCRIPTION: This case report described a patient with recurrent large cell lung cancer undergoing hyperprogressive disease with pleural and pericardial dissemination shortly after the pembrolizumab rechallenge, although he had a favorable response to the initial pembrolizumab treatment...
March 29, 2024: Translational Lung Cancer Research
#12
Charles D Calenda, Cameron R Toohey, Madeline Levy, AyJy Bhardwaj, Jaspreet Ubhi, Arunima Sharma, Fady Abou Rizk
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are becoming increasingly popular in treating cancers resistant to traditional chemotherapy. While ICIs have shown promise in treating cancer, the class of drugs also comes with certain risks, such as the development of pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) in rare cases. Pembrolizumab, an ICI that inhibits programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), has, in some rare instances, caused PI. Patients with ICI-induced PI may also present with pneumoperitoneum, pneumoretroperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, and pneumobilia...
March 2024: Curēus
#13
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Yi-Long Wu, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Jin Seok Ahn, Fabrice Barlesi, Makoto Nishio, Dae Ho Lee, Jong-Seok Lee, Wenzhao Zhong, Hidehito Horinouchi, Weimin Mao, Maximilian Hochmair, Filippo de Marinis, M Rita Migliorino, Igor Bondarenko, Shun Lu, Qun Wang, Tania Ochi Lohmann, Tingting Xu, Andres Cardona, Thorsten Ruf, Johannes Noe, Benjamin J Solomon
BACKGROUND: Platinum-based chemotherapy is the recommended adjuvant treatment for patients with resectable, ALK -positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data on the efficacy and safety of adjuvant alectinib as compared with chemotherapy in patients with resected ALK -positive NSCLC are lacking. METHODS: We conducted a global, phase 3, open-label, randomized trial in which patients with completely resected, ALK -positive NSCLC of stage IB (tumors ≥4 cm), II, or IIIA (as classified according to the seventh edition of the Cancer Staging Manual of the American Joint Committee on Cancer and Union for International Cancer Control) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive oral alectinib (600 mg twice daily) for 24 months or intravenous platinum-based chemotherapy in four 21-day cycles...
April 11, 2024: New England Journal of Medicine
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Monu Monu, Faraz Ahmad, Rachel M Olson, Vaishnavi Balendiran, Pawan Kumar Singh
SARS-CoV-2 has been shown to cause wide-ranging ocular abnormalities and vision impairment in COVID-19 patients. However, there is limited understanding of SARS-CoV-2 in ocular transmission, tropism, and associated pathologies. The presence of viral RNA in corneal/conjunctival tissue and tears, along with the evidence of viral entry receptors on the ocular surface, has led to speculation that the eye may serve as a potential route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Here, we investigated the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with cells lining the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) and the role of the eye in its transmission and tropism...
April 10, 2024: PLoS Pathogens
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ye He, Nian-Sheng Kuai, Li-Min Deng, Zi-Li Wang, Min-Jun Peng
Although considerable research has been devoted to improving safety in university laboratories, accidents, in that environment, have still occurred frequently at the cost of serious injury or even death of laboratory personnel. Currently, few Human Reliability Analyses (HRA) have been conducted with respect to a university laboratory. The aim of the research was to conduct a reliability study relating to human behaviour in a university laboratory to explore quantitatively the causes and influencing factors relating to the frequency of laboratory accidents...
April 15, 2024: Heliyon
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rawan S Abdulsadig, Esther Rodriguez-Villegas
Class imbalance is a common challenge that is often faced when dealing with classification tasks aiming to detect medical events that are particularly infrequent. Apnoea is an example of such events. This challenge can however be mitigated using class rebalancing algorithms. This work investigated 10 widely used data-level class imbalance mitigation methods aiming towards building a random forest (RF) model that attempts to detect apnoea events from photoplethysmography (PPG) signals acquired from the neck...
2024: Frontiers in digital health
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jialing Guo, Daniel Min, Emory K Farrell, Yupeng Zhou, Carl L Faingold, Joseph F Cotten, Hua-Jun Feng
OBJECTIVE: Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is an underestimated complication of epilepsy. Previous studies have demonstrated that enhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission suppresses seizure-induced sudden death in evoked seizure models. However, it is unclear whether elevated serotonin (5-HT) function will prevent spontaneous seizure-induced mortality (SSIM), which is characteristic of human SUDEP. We examined the effects of 5-HT-enhancing agents that act by three different pharmacological mechanisms on SSIM in Dravet mice, which exhibit a high incidence of SUDEP, modeling human Dravet syndrome...
April 9, 2024: Epilepsia
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Johan Zelano
The Swedish national guidelines for epilepsy stipulate regular health care contacts in the years following diagnosis, referral for epilepsy surgery in cases of pharmacoresistant epilepsy, multidisciplinary teams, and adequate patient information particularly for women of childbearing age. The last years have seen advances in many research areas of relevance for the basic epilepsy care, and Sweden has contributed regarding pharmacotherapy, seizure-related risks, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and digital tools...
April 8, 2024: Läkartidningen
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chengye Di, Wenhua Lin
BACKGROUND Paroxysmal third-degree atrioventricular block (AVB) can exhibit a vast array of symptoms, but commonly, paroxysmal AVB leads to presyncope, syncope, or possibly sudden cardiac death. We present a rare case of pause-dependent paroxysmal AVB that was triggered by a premature atrial contraction. CASE REPORT A 65-year-old man with frequent episodes of presyncope and syncope for 3 weeks was admitted to our hospital for further diagnosis. A resting 12-lead electrocardiogram showed an incomplete right bundle branch block, and a 24-h Holter recording showed multiple episodes of third-degree AVB...
April 9, 2024: American Journal of Case Reports
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Getahun Fetensa, Dessalegn Wirtu, Belachew Etana, Bizuneh Wakuma, Tadesse Tolossa, Jilcha Gugsa, Dabesa Gobena, Ginenus Fekadu, Misganu Teshoma Ragasa, Eshetu Ejeta
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant public health disease and a major contributor to illness and death worldwide, including in Ethiopia. There are many information from first source which had inconclusive result in Ethiopia. Therefore, this review aimed to produce pooled evidence on the TB treatment delay and factors associated with it. METHODS: The absence of a similar study with a systematic review and meta-analysis was confirmed. Articles from online available and unpublished sources conducted within Ethiopia between 2002 and 2024, were thoroughly screened using electronic sources such as Medline, Embase, Hinari, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar...
April 15, 2024: Heliyon
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