keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534042/identifying-predictive-risk-factors-for-future-cognitive-impairment-among-chinese-older-adults-longitudinal-prediction-study
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Collin Sakal, Tingyou Li, Juan Li, Xinyue Li
BACKGROUND: The societal burden of cognitive impairment in China has prompted researchers to develop clinical prediction models aimed at making risk assessments that enable preventative interventions. However, it is unclear what types of risk factors best predict future cognitive impairment, if known risk factors make equally accurate predictions across different socioeconomic groups, and if existing prediction models are equally accurate across different subpopulations. OBJECTIVE: This paper aimed to identify which domain of health information best predicts future cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults and to examine if discrepancies exist in predictive ability across different population subsets...
March 22, 2024: JMIR aging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533843/exploring-healthcare-workers-experiences-of-a-simple-intervention-to-reduce-their-intrusive-memories-of-psychological-trauma-an-interpretative-phenomenological-analysis
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sara Ahmed Pihlgren, Lotta Johansson, Emily A Holmes, Marie Kanstrup
ABSTRACT Background: Many healthcare workers (HCWs) endured psychologically traumatic events at work during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. For some, these events are re-experienced as unwanted, recurrent, and distressing intrusive memories. Simple psychological support measures are needed to reduce such symptoms of post-traumatic stress in this population. A novel intervention to target intrusive memories, called an imagery-competing task intervention (ICTI), has been developed from the laboratory...
2024: European Journal of Psychotraumatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533772/time-living-with-food-insecurity-and-sociodemographic-factors-longitudinal-analysis-in-a-city-in-the-semi-arid-region-of-northeast-brazil
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Beatriz Macêdo Venâncio Dos Santos, Poliana de Araújo Palmeira, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli
OBJECTIVE: Food Insecurity (FI) is the lack of daily access for everyone to quality food in sufficient quantity. In many populations, it presents as a chronic and persistent condition. This study analyzed the association between the length of time living with FI and sociodemographic conditions in households in a semi-arid municipality in the Brazilian Northeast between 2011 and 2019. DESIGN: This is a population-based cohort study among families in the municipality in Northeast Brazil (2011, 2014, and 2019)...
March 27, 2024: Public Health Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533473/analyzing-population-level-trials-as-n-of-1-trials-an-application-to-gait
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lin Zhou, Juliana Schneider, Bert Arnrich, Stefan Konigorski
Studying individual causal effects of health interventions is important whenever intervention effects are heterogeneous between study participants. Conducting N-of-1 trials, which are single-person randomized controlled trials, is the gold standard for their analysis. As an alternative method, we propose to re-analyze existing population-level studies as N-of-1 trials, and use gait as a use case for illustration. Gait data were collected from 16 young and healthy participants under fatigued and non-fatigued, as well as under single-task (only walking) and dual-task (walking while performing a cognitive task) conditions...
April 2024: Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533393/medical-and-exercise-consultation-use-for-low-back-and-knee-pain-among-cardiovascular-mass-screening-population-a-cross-sectional-study
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroshige Jinnouchi, Masahiko Kiyama, Akihiko Kitamura, Ko Matsudaira, Hironobu Kakihana, Mina Hayama-Terada, Isao Muraki, Eiko Honda, Takeo Okada, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Hironori Imano, Hiroyasu Iso
Low back and knee pain, as major symptoms and early signs of osteoarthritis, have restricted healthy life expectancy, and numerous guidelines have recommended therapeutic exercise as the first-line treatment for chronic pain. Proportions of medical and exercise consultation use for those pain have been unclear, and these may change in the future. We performed a cross-sectional study of 2,954 persons aged over 30 years in 2017 as a part of the Circulatory Risk in Communities Study. A generalized linear model with logit link and 11-year age-group moving averages were used to estimate sex- and age-specific average proportions of lifetime pain, chronic pain, and dysfunctional chronic pain of the low back and knee, and history of medical and exercise consultation use...
May 2024: Preventive Medicine Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533391/personality-and-the-use-of-cancer-screenings-results-of-the-german-national-cohort
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
André Hajek, Heiko Becher, Hermann Brenner, Bernd Holleczek, Verena Katzke, Rudolf Kaaks, Heike Minnerup, André Karch, Hansjörg Baurecht, Michael Leitzmann, Annette Peters, Sylvia Gastell, Wolfgang Ahrens, Ulrike Haug, Katharina Nimptsch, Tobias Pischon, Karin B Michels, Anja Dorrn, Carolina J Klett-Tammen, Stefanie Castell, Stefan N Willich, Thomas Keil, Sabine Schipf, Claudia Meinke-Franze, Volker Harth, Nadia Obi, Hans-Helmut König
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between personality characteristics and use of different cancer screenings. METHODS: We used data from the German National Cohort (NAKO; mean age was 53.0 years (SD: 9.2 years)) - a population-based cohort study. A total of 132,298 individuals were included in the analyses. As outcome measures, we used (self-reported): stool examination for blood (haemoccult test, early detection of bowel cancer), colonoscopy (screening for colorectal cancer), skin examination for moles (early detection of skin cancer), breast palpation by a doctor (early detection of breast cancer), x-ray examination of the breast ("mammography", early detection of breast cancer), cervical smear test, finger examination of the rectum (early detection of prostate cancer), and blood test for prostate cancer (determination of Prostate-Specific Antigen level)...
May 2024: Preventive Medicine Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532574/comparison-of-the-skindex-teen-and-the-skindex-29-quality-of-life-survey-instruments-in-a-predominantly-american-indian-adolescent-population
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Micah G Pascual, Sarah J Schmiege, Spero M Manson, Lucinda L Kohn
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Skindex-29 and Skindex-Teen assess dermatology-related quality of life among adults and adolescents, respectively. This study directly compared the same adolescents' responses to the Skindex-29 relative to Skindex-Teen in a predominantly American Indian and/or Alaska Native population. This population is underrepresented in medical research. Although skin-related quality-of-life issues are widespread, American Indian and/or Alaska Native adolescents are not well-represented in related studies...
March 26, 2024: Pediatric Dermatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532453/current-prospects-of-hereditary-adrenal-tumors-towards-better-clinical-management
#28
REVIEW
Akihiro Ohmoto, Naomi Hayashi, Shunji Takahashi, Arisa Ueki
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) are two rare types of adrenal gland malignancies. Regarding hereditary tumors, some patients with ACC are associated with with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), and those with PPGL with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2. Recent studies have expanded this spectrum to include other types of hereditary tumors, such as Lynch syndrome or familial adenomatous polyposis. Individuals harboring germline TP53 pathogenic variants that cause LFS have heterogeneous phenotypes depending on the respective variant type...
March 26, 2024: Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532435/liver-stiffness-and-associated-risk-factors-among-people-with-a-history-of-injecting-drugs-a-prospective-cohort-study
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karl Trygve Druckrey-Fiskaaen, Jørn Henrik Vold, Tesfaye Madebo, Håvard Midgard, Olav Dalgard, Rafael Alexander Leiva, Lars T Fadnes
BACKGROUND: Persons with opioid use disorders (OUD) and persons with substance use disorders (SUD) who inject substances have a reduced life expectancy of up to 25 years compared with the general population. Chronic liver diseases are a substantial cause of this. Screening strategies based on liver stiffness measurements (LSM) may facilitate early detection, timely intervention, and treatment of liver disease. This study aims to investigate the extent of chronic liver disease measured with transient elastography and the association between LSM and various risk factors, including substance use patterns, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol use, body mass index, age, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol among people with OUD or with SUD who inject substances...
March 26, 2024: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532370/elucidating-the-need-for-prostate-cancer-risk-calculators-in-conjunction-with-mpmri-in-initial-risk-assessment-before-prostate-biopsy-at-a-tertiary-prostate-cancer-center
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Philipp Krausewitz, Thomas Büttner, Marthe von Danwitz, Richard Weiten, Alexander Cox, Niklas Klümper, Johannes Stein, Julian Luetkens, Glen Kristiansen, Manuel Ritter, Jörg Ellinger
OBJECTIVE: Utilizing personalized risk assessment for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) incorporating multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) reduces biopsies and overdiagnosis. We validated both multi- and univariate risk models in biopsy-naïve men, with and without the inclusion of mpMRI data for csPCa detection. METHODS: N = 565 men underwent mpMRI-targeted prostate biopsy, and the diagnostic performance of risk calculators (RCs), mpMRI alone, and clinical measures were compared using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA)...
March 26, 2024: BMC Urology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532053/personalized-antifungal-therapy-through-model-informed-precision-dosing-of-posaconazole
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anouk M E Jansen, Kim Snijdelaar, Ron J Keizer, Isabel Spriet, Erwin Dreesen, Roger J M Brüggemann, Rob Ter Heine
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Posaconazole is a pharmacotherapeutic pillar for prophylaxis and treatment of invasive fungal diseases. Dose individualization is of utmost importance as achieving adequate antifungal exposure is associated with improved outcome. This study aimed to select and evaluate a model-informed precision dosing strategy for posaconazole. METHODS: Available population pharmacokinetic models for posaconazole administered as a solid oral tablet were extracted from the literature and evaluated using data from a previously published prospective study combined with data collected during routine clinical practice...
March 26, 2024: Clinical Pharmacokinetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531731/prevalence-of-sexual-abuse-and-intimate-partner-violence-in-adults-with-spina-bifida
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashley W Johnston, Devon J Hensel, Joshua D Roth, John S Wiener, Rosalia Misseri, Konrad M Szymanski
BACKGROUND: People with disabilities and chronic medical conditions are known to be at higher risk of sexual abuse (SA) and intimate partner violence (IPV). People with spina bifida (SB) are vulnerable, but little is known about the prevalence of abuse in this population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of SA and IPV in adults with SB. METHODS: An anonymous international cross-sectional online survey of adults with SB asked about history of SA ("sexual contact that you did not want") and IPV ("hit, slapped, kicked, punched or hurt physically by a partner")...
March 20, 2024: Disability and Health Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531719/a-comparison-of-the-psychometric-properties-of-a-person-administered-vs-automated-screening-tool-for-posttraumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd-in-traumatically-injured-patients
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amber Brandolino, Elise A Biesboer, Morgan Leissring, Rachel Weber, Sydney Timmer-Murillo, Terri A deRoon-Cassini, Mary E Schroeder
BACKGROUND: The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-CoT) mandated that trauma centers have mental health screening and referral protocols in place by 2023. This study compares the Injured Trauma Survivor Screen (ITSS) and the Automated Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Screen to assess their performance in predicting risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within the same sample of trauma patients to inform trauma centers' decision when selecting a tool to best fit their current clinical practice...
March 15, 2024: Injury
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531562/clinical-practice-guideline-recommendations-to-improve-the-mental-health-of-adult-trauma-patients-protocol-for-a-systematic-review
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mélanie Bérubé, Nori Bradley, Meaghan O'Donnell, Henry Thomas Stelfox, Naisan Garraway, Helen-Maria Vasiliadis, Valerie Turcotte, Michel Perreault, Matthew Menear, Léonie Archambault, Juanita Haagsma, Hélène Provencher, Christine Genest, Marc-Aurèle Gagnon, Laurence Bourque, Alexandra Lapierre, Amal Khalfi, William Panenka
INTRODUCTION: Mental disorders are common in adult patients with traumatic injuries. To limit the burden of poor psychological well-being in this population, recognised authorities have issued recommendations through clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). However, the uptake of evidence-based recommendations to improve the mental health of trauma patients has been low until recently. This may be explained by the complexity of optimising mental health practices and interpretating CGPs scope and quality...
March 25, 2024: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531267/variable-sometimes-absent-but-never-negative-applying-multilevel-models-of-variability-to-the-backward-crosstalk-effect-to-find-theoretical-constraints
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christoph Naefgen, Robert Gaschler
When performing two tasks at the same time, the congruency of the second task's features influences performance in the first task. This is called the backward crosstalk effect (BCE), a phenomenon that influences both theories of binding and of dual-task capacity limitations. The question of whether the BCE is found in all participants at all times is relevant for understanding the basis of the effect. For example, if the BCE is based on strategic choices, it can be variable, but if it is automatic and involuntary, it should never vary in whether it is present or not...
March 25, 2024: Acta Psychologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531189/uneven-effects-of-twenty-years-of-chile-s-cannabis-policy-implementation-in-cannabis-onset
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
José Ignacio Nazif-Munoz, Karen Domínguez-Cancino, Pablo Martínez, Marie Jauffret-Roustide
BACKGROUND: In Chile, Laws 19366 and 20000, implemented in 1995 and 2005 respectively, regulated and sanctioned cannabis' personal use, cultivation and trafficking. METHODS: We use thirteen biannual cross-sectional national surveys data from 1994 to 2018 to examine the effect of Laws 19366 and 20000-using the rate of individuals incarcerated per 100000 population due to drug-related crimes as proxy-on the age of onset of cannabis use over time. We estimate the effect of these policies using a mixed proportional hazards framework that models the transition to first cannabis use in 47,832 individuals aged 12-21...
March 25, 2024: International Journal on Drug Policy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531107/tuberculosis-in-united-states-bound-follow-to-join-asylees-2014-2019
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yecai Liu, Drew L Posey, Michelle S Weinberg, Christina R Phares
Persons may seek asylum in the United States or at a U.S. port of entry. Principal asylees are those who are granted asylum status. Their spouse and unmarried children under 21 years of age may be granted asylum if accompanying, or following to join, the principal asylees. U.S.-bound follow-to-join asylees must undergo an overseas medical examination that includes tuberculosis (TB) screening. Culture-based overseas TB screening in U.S.-bound follow-to-join asylees has not been evaluated. We evaluated data from overseas TB screening in 19,088 arrivals of follow-to-join asylees during 2014-2019 and assessed data from their postarrival evaluation, which is recommended for those at risk for TB...
March 26, 2024: American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530931/imaging-markers-from-population-wide-mri-based-automated-kidney-segmentation-an-analysis-of-data-from-the-german-national-cohort-nako-gesundheitsstudie
#38
Elias Kellner, Peggy Sekula, Jan Lipovsek, Maximilian Russe, Harald Horbach, Christopher L Schlett, Matthias Nauck, Henry Völzke, Thomas Kroencke, Stefanie Bette, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Thomas Keil, Tobias Pischon, Iris M Heid, Annette Peters, Thoralf Niendorf, Wolfgang Lieb, Fabian Bamberg, Martin Büchert, Wilfried Reichardt, Marco Reisert, Anna Köttgen
BACKGROUND: Population-wide research on potential new imaging biomarkers of the kidney depends on accurate automated segmentation of the kidney and its compartments (cortex, medulla, and sinus). METHODS: We developed a robust deep-learning framework for kidney (sub-)segmentation based on a hierarchical, three-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) that was optimized for multi-scale problems of combined localization and segmentation. We applied the CNN to abdominal magnetic resonance images from the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) study...
May 3, 2024: Deutsches Ärzteblatt International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530878/empathic-accuracy-in-individuals-with-schizotypal-personality-traits
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ding-Ding Hu, Xiao-Dong Guo, Hong Zheng, Chao Yan, Simon S Y Lui, Yan-Yu Wang, Yi Wang, Raymond C K Chan
Empirical research using the Empathic Accuracy Task (EAT) has suggested that schizophrenia patients and people with schizotypal personality disorder exhibit lower empathic accuracy than healthy people. However, empathic accuracy in a subclinical sample with high levels of schizotypy has seldom been studied. Our study aimed to investigate empathy in a subclinical sample using the Chinese version of the EAT and a self-report empathy measure. Forty participants with high levels of schizotypy (HS participants) and 40 with low levels of schizotypy (LS participants), as measured by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ), were recruited...
March 26, 2024: PsyCh Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530801/clinical-gait-analysis-using-video-based-pose-estimation-multiple-perspectives-clinical-populations-and-measuring-change
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jan Stenum, Melody M Hsu, Alexander Y Pantelyat, Ryan T Roemmich
Gait dysfunction is common in many clinical populations and often has a profound and deleterious impact on independence and quality of life. Gait analysis is a foundational component of rehabilitation because it is critical to identify and understand the specific deficits that should be targeted prior to the initiation of treatment. Unfortunately, current state-of-the-art approaches to gait analysis (e.g., marker-based motion capture systems, instrumented gait mats) are largely inaccessible due to prohibitive costs of time, money, and effort required to perform the assessments...
March 2024: PLOS Digit Health
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