Pythium

Cutaneous pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ozone (O3 ) have been used individually in the treatment of infected wounds. The goals of the study were a) to characterize the antimicrobial action of the photo-ozone therapy (LLLT-O3 ) against equine Pythium insidiosum, and b) to assess the cytotoxic potential of the LLLT-O3 in keratinocytes. Specimens of pathogen were isolated from 10 horses. After culturing, 120 hyphae plugs were distributed among four groups (n=30 hyphae plugs/group): LLLT (laser irradiation for 160 sec;), O3 (exposition to O3 for 15 min;), LLLT-O3 (LLLT and O3 treatments in sequence) and control (untreated plugs)...

The aqueous onion peel extract (OPE) was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag-onion), samarium oxide nanoparticles (Sm2 O3 -onion), and silver/samarium oxide core/shell nanoparticles (Ag@Sm2 O3 -onion). The produced nanoparticles were characterized by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectra (FT-IR), absorption spectra (UV-Vis), energy band gap, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). OPE and NPs were tested for the disinfection of some water microbes...

The mechanisms of Pythium insidiosum -antigen (PIA) immunotherapy activating a patient's immune system are unknown. We evaluated the interleukin-8 (IL-8) serum levels during P. insidiosum infection and after vaccination with PIA in vascular pythiosis cases. Furthermore, we studied the anti- P. insidiosum activity of neutrophils stimulated with various concentrations of PIA ex vivo in 3 strains of P. insidiosum isolated from vascular pythiosis patients. IL-8 serum levels were evaluated using the ELISA technique...

This study evaluated the repositioning of the ketolide antibacterial telithromycin (TLT) against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum and verified the combination of TLT and the antimicrobials azithromycin (AZM) and amorolfine hydrochloride (AMR), which have known anti-P. insidiosum activity. Susceptibility tests of P. insidiosum isolates (n = 20) against the drugs were carried out according to CLSI protocol M38-A2, and their combinations were evaluated using the checkerboard microdilution method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations were 0...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

With the growing concern over the environmental impact and health risks associated with conventional pesticides, there is a great need for developing safer and more sustainable alternatives. This study demonstrates the self-assembly of antimicrobial and antifungal spherical particles by a dipeptide utilizing a reduced amount of copper salt compared to the commonly employed formulation. The particles can be sprayed on a surface and form an antimicrobial coating. The effectiveness of the coating against the bacteria Pectobacterium brasiliense , a common pathogen affecting potato crops, was demonstrated, as the coating reduced the bacterial load by 7...

Saprolegniosis is a major destructive disease in freshwater aquaculture. The destructive economic impact of saprolegniosis on freshwater aquaculture necessitates further study on the range of Saprolegnia species within Atlantic salmon fish farms. This study undertook a thorough analysis of a total of 412 oomycete and fungal isolates that were successfully cultured and sequenced from 14 aquaculture sites in Scotland across a two-year sampling period. An ITS phylogenetic analysis of all isolates was performed according to whether they were isolated from fish or water samples and during enzootic or epizootic periods...

In January 2023, stand loss due to seed decay (<3% incidence) was reported in a commercial seed potato field in Cochise County, Arizona. Several rotted 'Ciklamen' tubers with wilting shoots were submitted to the University of Arizona Extension Plant Pathology Laboratory for diagnosis. External symptoms included sunken black-colored lesions on affected tubers; white fungal-like growth was also present on the surface of the more severely affected tubers. Internal tissues were watery, rubbery-textured, and spongy with slight gray discoloration...

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by bacteria play an important, yet relatively unexplored role in interactions between plants and phytopathogens. In this study, the soil bacterium Bacillus halotolerans NYG5 was identified as a potent biocontrol agent against several phytopathogenic fungi (Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) through the production of VOCs. NYG5-emitted VOCs also inhibited the growth of bacterial pathogens (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Xanthomonas campestris, Clavibacter michiganensis, and Pseudomonas syringae)...

Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1), a key enzyme, has a crucial role in cellular respiration in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Generally, respiratory inhibitors are considered one of the types of chemical pesticides. Thyme oil and licorice aqueous extract have been reported to have antifungal activities against fungal phytopathogens of Capsicum annuum L., i.e., Colletotrichum capsici , Fusarium oxysporum, and Pythium aphanidermatum . The present study focuses on identifying the key bioactive molecules of thyme and licorice botanicals inhibiting the activity of the Cox1 enzymes of the above mentioned phytopathogens, employing the in-silico approach...

Fungal diseases have always been a major problem for cantaloupe crops; however, synthetic fungicides are hazardous to humans and the environment. Consequently, a feasible alternative to fungicides without side effects could be by using bio agents and naturally occurring plants with antibacterial potential. This study has achieved a novel procedure for managing wilt and root rot diseases by potentially using Trichoderma sp. culture filtrates in consortium with plant extract of Calotropis procera , Rhizoctonia solani , Fusarium oxysporum , and Pythium ultimum , which were isolated from infected cantaloupe roots with identified root rot symptoms...

Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 establishes the rules governing the setting and the review of pesticide maximum residue levels (MRLs) at European level. According to Article 12(1) of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, EFSA shall provide within 12 months from the date of the inclusion or non-inclusion of an active substance in Annex I to Directive 91/414/EEC a reasoned opinion on the review of the existing MRLs for that active substance. Among the active substances that need to be reviewed under Article 12(1), EFSA identified two active substances for which a review of MRLs is no longer considered necessary...

Pythium insidiosum is an aquatic oomycete that causes granulomatous infection in dogs, most commonly cutaneous and gastrointestinal. Ultrasonographic characteristics of gastrointestinal pythiosis have been described; occasionally, CT is utilized in the clinical setting, and CT features of pythiosis have not been published. The purpose of this retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study is to describe CT characteristics of noncutaneous canine pythiosis. The following CT parameters were recorded: lesion anatomic location, number, shape, margination, size, attenuation pre- and postcontrast, enhancement pattern, lymph nodes affected, other lesions identified, and presence of peritoneal effusion or steatitis...

None of the current oomycota fungicides are effective towards all species of Phytophthora , Phytopythium , Globisporangium , and Pythium that affect soybean seed and seedlings in Ohio. Picarbutrazox is a new oomyceticide with a novel mode of action towards Oomycete pathogens. Our objectives were to evaluate picarbutrazox to determine i) baseline sensitivity (EC50 ) to 189 isolates of 29 species, ii) the efficacy with a base seed treatment with three cultivars with different levels of resistance in 14 field environments; and iii) if the rhizosphere microbiome was affected by the addition of the seed treatment on a moderately susceptible cultivar...

Pythiosis is a severe infection caused by Pythium insidiosum . The disease is prevalent in tropical/subtropical regions. This infectious condition is challenging to treat with antifungal drugs and often requires surgical removal of the infected tissue. Pythiosis can be fatal if not treated promptly. There is a need for a new treatment that effectively inhibits P. insidiosum . This study screened 17 agricultural fungicides that target plant-pathogenic oomycetes and found that cyazofamid was the most potent in inhibiting P...

Little is known about the molecular basis of host defense in resistant wild species Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith against the soil-borne, necrotrophic oomycete pathogen Pythium myriotylum Drechsler, which causes the devastating soft rot disease in the spice crop ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). We investigated the pattern of host defense between Z. zerumbet and ginger in response to P. myriotylum inoculation. Analysis of gene expression microarray data revealed enrichment of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes, particularly lignin biosynthesis genes, in pathogen-inoculated Z...

Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) has long been cultivated worldwide as an important crop for oil and protein production. Among the various diseases in peanut plants, wilt diseases caused by soil-borne pathogens such as Ralstonia solanacearum and Verticillium dahliae are especially destructive and substantially diminish both quantity and quality in peanut production (Kokalis-Burelle et al., 1997; Thiessen et al., 2012). In July 2022, wilt symptoms were observed in 1 to 3% of the area of peanut fields in Yeoju-si, Korea (37°23´04...

PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of infiltrate size, depth, and organism on the outcome of microbial keratitis. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative study. METHODS: Medical records of patients with infective keratitis, who reported from January 2015 to December 2019 to a tertiary eye care center, were analyzed. Size and depth of ulcer at presentation were the factors used to group patients, and the influence on the outcome of the organism causing it was analyzed...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Many oomycete species are associated with the seedlings of crops, including upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.), leading to annual threats. The diversity of oomycete species in Alabama needs to be better understood since the last survey of oomycetes associated with cotton in Alabama was twenty years ago, before significant updates to taxonomy and improvements in identification of oomycetes using molecular tools. Our current study aimed to identify oomycetes associated with Alabama cotton seedlings, correlate diversity with soil edaphic factors, and assess virulence toward cotton seed...