Children emergencies

Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent agent of bacteraemia. This bacterium has a variety of virulence traits that allow the establishment and maintenance of infection. This study explored the virulence profile of S. aureus strains causing paediatric bacteraemia (SAB) in Manhiça district, Mozambique. We analysed 336 S. aureus strains isolated from blood cultures of children younger than 5 years admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital between 2001 and 2019, previously characterized for antibiotic susceptibility and clonality...

The UK observed a marked increase in scarlet fever and invasive group A streptococcal infection in 2022 with severe outcomes in children and similar trends worldwide. Here we report lineage M1UK to be the dominant source of invasive infections in this upsurge. Compared with ancestral M1global strains, invasive M1UK strains exhibit reduced genomic diversity and fewer mutations in two-component regulator genes covRS. The emergence of M1UK is dated to 2008. Following a bottleneck coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, three emergent M1UK clades underwent rapid nationwide expansion, despite lack of detection in previous years...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The ability to rule appendicitis in or out using ultrasound is limited by studies where the appendix is not visualised. We determined whether the absence of indirect ultrasound signs can rule out appendicitis in children undergoing a radiology-performed ultrasound in which the appendix is not visualised METHODS: This was a single-centre retrospective observational study of patients aged 3-13 with a clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis evaluated in a Paediatric Emergency Department in Spain from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019...

BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis is increasing in recent years, with common triggers in infants being milk and eggs. Currently the mainstay of treatment for milk and/or egg allergy is strict avoidance. Recently new therapies have emerged including stepwise introduction of allergens via a ladder approach. The suitability of infants for the ladders is debated. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to focus on the use of food ladders in children with anaphylaxis to egg or milk. METHODS: Retrospective review of paediatric patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated milk and/or egg allergy between 2011-2021...

INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus pneumoniae cause a significant global health challenge. We aimed to determine nasopharyngeal carriage, serotypes distribution, and antimicrobial profile of pneumococci among the children of Aden. METHODOLOGY: A total of 385 children, aged 2-17 years, were included. Asymptomatic samples were randomly collected from children in selected schools and vaccination centers. Symptomatic samples were obtained from selected pediatric clinics. The nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for pneumococci using culture and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)...

INTRODUCTION: After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, a high number of cases and severe dengue in children were reported in some provinces in the south of Vietnam. This study aimed to determine the distribution of dengue virus serotypes and their correlation with demographic factors, disease severity, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings. METHODOLOGY: This study employed a cross-sectional design. Ninety-six dengue-infected children admitted to Can Tho Children's Hospital between October 2022 and March 2023 were included...

Liver failure represents a critical medical condition, marked by the rapid decline of hepatic functions. Emerging therapies, notably therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), have demonstrated potential in mitigating these conditions through their roles in detoxification and hepatic support. The utility of these treatments, whether applied individually or in tandem, constitutes a significant area of research concerning the management of liver failure in pediatric patients...

Measurable residual disease (MRD) evaluation by multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) or quantitative PCR methods is an established standard of care for assessing risk of relapse prior to or after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Next generation sequencing (NGS)-MRD has emerged as a highly effective approach that allows detection of lymphoblasts at a level of fewer than 1 in 106 nucleated cells, increasing sensitivity of ALL detection by 2-3 logs. Early studies have shown superior results compared with MFC and suggest that NGS-MRD may allow determination of patients in whom reduced toxicity transplant preparative approaches could be deployed without sacrificing outcomes...

Background: Emotions are the fundamental origin of parent-child bonding, which is measurable by the Scale for Parent-to-Child Emotions (SPCE) based on the theories of basic and self-conscious emotions. Methods: This study is based on the data from a cross-sectional study that we previously reported. The data consist of fathers and mothers who had a child/children, whose eldest child's age was at the foetal stage up to 12 years old, and were recruited via the Internet (N = 4600). A series of cluster analyses using factor scores (theta[ Ө ]s) of all domains of the SPCE were conducted...

This study investigated the clinical effectiveness of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (NMV-r) on short-term outcome and the risk of postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (PASC) among pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This retrospective cohort study used the TriNetX research network to identify pediatric patients between 12 and 18 years with COVID-19 between January 1, 2022 and August 31, 2023. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to match patients receiving NMV-r (NMV-r group) with those who did not receive NMV-r (control group)...

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance to mupirocin and fusidic acid, which are used for treatment of skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is of concern.AimTo investigate resistance to fusidic acid and mupirocin in meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) from community-acquired skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in Belgium.MethodsWe collected 2013-2023 data on fusidic acid and mupirocin resistance in SSTI-associated MSSA from two large Belgian laboratories. Resistant MSSA isolates sent to the Belgian Staphylococci Reference Centre were spa -typed and analysed for the presence of the eta and etb virulence genes and the mupA resistance gene...

UNLABELLED: There has been limited examination of child road injury policies. This study aims to systematically characterize national policies relevant to child road safety in China over the past two decades and identify potential gaps based on the WHO child road safety framework. As a scoping review, this study searched for national policies for child road safety on the websites of government agencies. A total of 22,487 policies were searched, of which 103 policies issued by 37 institutions, were included in the analysis, including 12 policies jointly developed by multiple agencies...

BACKGROUND: Eswatini is one of the countries affected by malnutrition and tuberculosis (TB) and some cases remained untreated. These two conditions are major public health problems. AIM: This study aimed to explore and describe caregivers' experiences and practices of children's nutrition during treatment. SETTING: Baylor College of Nursing Children's Foundation - Eswatini (BCMCF-SD). METHODS: A qualitative study following a narrative design used purposive sampling to identify 12 caregivers of malnourished children and informed consent obtained...

BACKGROUND: The correlation of clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy (CP) and the magnetic resonance imaging classification system (MRICS) for (CP) is inconsistent. Specifically, the variance in rehabilitation potential across MRICS remains underexplored. AIMS: To investigate the clinical characteristics and potential for rehabilitation in children with CP based on MRICS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children with CP admitted to the Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 2017 and 2021 were included in the study...

BACKGROUND: Choking is a critical emergency that occurs when foreign objects obstruct the airways. It commonly affects young children, older people, individuals with developmental disabilities, those with acquired or lifelong disability, and those with mental health conditions. Symptoms can vary, ranging from coughing to cyanosis. AIM: Our study aims to evaluate Syrian adults' knowledge of choking and their understanding of first-aid procedures. Specifically, we will assess the prevalence of misconceptions in order to train community members and increase their level of knowledge about first aid for choking...

INTRODUCTION: Learning disabilities can cause poor academic performance in children, which may impact their futures. This study aimed to investigate how primary caregivers care for school-aged children with learning disabilities but with good academic achievement. METHODS: In this qualitative study, in-depth interviews were conducted among primary caregivers of school-aged children with learning disabilities who were attending schools in Sisaket Province, were aged 6-12 years and achieved good academic performance...

BACKGROUND: Bilastine is a second-generation antihistamine for the symptomatic treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC) and urticaria in adults, adolescents, and children. The pharmacokinetics and safety of oral bilastine 10 mg/d in children aged 2 to 5 years were evaluated. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label clinical trial in children aged 2 to 5 years with seasonal or perennial ARC or urticaria treated once daily with bilastine 10 mg orodispersible tablets...

BACKGROUND: Paroxysmal movement disorders are common in Glut1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS). Not all patients respond to or tolerate ketogenic diets. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of triheptanoin in reducing the frequency of disabling movement disorders in patients with Glut1DS not receiving a ketogenic diet. METHODS: UX007G-CL301 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 crossover study...

INTRODUCTION: A three-pronged approach to acne treatment combining an antibiotic, antimicrobial, and retinoid may be more efficacious than single/double treatments while potentially reducing antibiotic resistance. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the first fixed-dose, triple-combination topical acne product, clindamycin 1.2%/adapalene 0.15%/benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 3.1% gel (CAB) using pooled phase 3 data. METHODS: In two identical phase 3 (N = 183; N = 180), double-blind, 12-week studies, participants aged ≥ 9 years with moderate-to-severe acne were randomized 2:1 to receive once-daily CAB or vehicle gel...

BACKGROUND: Autistic children can derive numerous benefits from engaging in physical activity (PA), necessitating parental support for active participation. However, parents often lack the foundational knowledge to effectively facilitate PA for their children. Despite the significance of this issue, limited research has explored the outcomes of parent-mediated PA interventions for autistic children. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes and intentions of parents to include their autistic children in PA after participating in a 12-week PA intervention...