biomarkers bladder cancer

BACKGROUND: The intravesical instillation of the paclitaxel-hyaluronan conjugate ONCOFID-P-B™ in patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive bladder carcinoma in situ (CIS; NCT04798703 phase I study), induced 75 and 40% of complete response (CR) after 12 weeks of intensive phase and 12 months of maintenance phase, respectively. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed description of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ONCOFID-P-B™-treated BCG-unresponsive bladder CIS patients enrolled in the NCT04798703 phase I study, in order to identify predictive biomarkers of response...

Bladder cancer (BCa) stands as prevalent malignancy of the urinary system globally, especially among men. The clinical classification of BCa into non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is crucial for prognosis and treatment decisions. However, challenges persist in current diagnostic methods like Urine cytopathology that shows poor sensitivity therefore compromising on accurately diagnosing and monitoring BCa. In recent years, research has emphasized the importance of identifying urine and blood-based specific biomarkers for BCa that can enable early and precise diagnosis, effective tumor classification, and monitoring...

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To investigate the correlation between nucleolar spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) and cancer immunotherapy across 33 different types of human cancers. We conducted an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to retrieve gene expression data and clinical characteristics for 33 different cancer types. The immunotherapy cohorts encompassed GSE67501, GSE78220, and IMvigor210. Relevant information was extracted from the gene expression repository. We assessed the prognostic significance of NUSAP1 by examining various clinical parameters...

BACKGROUND: Interferons (IFNs) are essential for activating an effective immune response and play a central role in immunotherapy-mediated immune cell reactivation for tumor regression. Type III IFN (λ), related to type I IFN (α), plays a crucial role in infections, autoimmunity, and cancer. However, the direct effects of IFN-λ on the tumor immune microenvironment have not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS: We used mouse MB49 bladder tumor models, constructed a retroviral vector expressing mouse IFN-λ3, and transduced tumor cells to evaluate the antitumor action of IFN-λ3 in immune-proficient tumors and T cell-deficient tumors...

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INTRODUCTION: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent and deadly form of urinary cancer, and there is a need for effective therapies, particularly for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Cell cycle inhibitors show promise in restoring control of the cell cycle in BLCA cells, but their clinical prognosis evaluation is limited. METHODS: Transcriptome and scRNA-seq data were collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA)-BLCA and GSE190888 cohort, respectively...

Traditional clinical modalities for diagnosing bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC) remain limited due to their invasive nature, significant costs, discomfort associated with cystoscopy, and low sensitivity to urine cytology. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify highly sensitive, specific, and noninvasive biomarkers for the early detection of this neoplasm. Hypermethylated TWIST1/Vimentin promoter may be a noninvasive biomarker using urine sample. We assessed the TWIST1/Vimentin promoter methylation status in urine samples using the Methylated Human TWIST1 and Vimentin Gene Detection Kit (Jiangsu MicroDiag Biomedicine Co...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence and future perspectives of bladder-sparing treatment for MIBC. METHODS: A non-systematic literature search in Medline/Pubmed was performed in October 2023 with the following keywords "bladder cancer", "bladder-sparing", "trimodal therapy", "chemoradiation", "biomarkers", "immunotherapy", "neoadjuvant chemotherapy", radiotherapy". RESULTS: Urology guidelines recommend radical cystectomy as the standard curative treatment for muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer, reserving radiotherapy for patients who are unfit or who want to maintain their bladder...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The most common definitive treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is radical cystectomy. However, removing the bladder and surrounding organs poses risks of morbidity that can reduce quality of life, and raises the risk of death. Treatment strategies that preserve the organs can manage the local tumor and mitigate the risk of distant metastasis. Recent data have demonstrated promising outcomes in several bladder-preservation strategies. RECENT FINDINGS: Bladder preservation with trimodality therapy (TMT), combining maximal transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy (RT), was often reserved for nonsurgical candidates for radical cystectomy...

BACKGROUND: Recurrence develops in 50% of operated bladder cancer patients. It is important to detect recurrence in advance, and there is no prognostic reliable biomarker for bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to show that changes in hematological parameters before radiological imaging can predict recurrence. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder identified using our institutional database (2010-2022)...

Assessing programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells (TCs) using Food and Drug Administration-approved, validated immunoassays can guide the use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in cancer treatment. However, substantial interobserver variability has been reported using these immunoassays. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to accurately measure biomarker expression in tissue samples, but its reliability and comparability to standard manual scoring remain to be evaluated...

Rates of waterpipe use increase with very little data reporting any potential health consequences. The current study, a large case-control study, of 4,194 patients from Iran denotes an elevated risk of bladder cancer in exclusive waterpipe smokers compared with non-users. Additional studies are needed to further understand the risk waterpipe smoking has on bladder cancer. See related article by Hadji et al., p. 509.

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Non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has unpredictable outcomes with a variable risk of recurrence and progression. Many clinic-pathological prognostic factors have been identified but remain insufficient, raising the need to investigate new biomarkers. The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic value of the immunohistochemical (IHC) markers E-Cadherin and B-Catenin in NMIBC. All cases of NMIBC were collected between 2008 and 2013. IHC analysis was performed using E-Cadherin and B-Catenin. Reduced or loss of E-Cadherin expression was assessed as abnormal...

Metastasis is a major contributor to treatment failure and death in urological cancers, representing an important biomedical challenge at present. Metastases form as a result of cancer cells leaving the primary site, entering the vasculature and lymphatic vessels, and colonizing clones elsewhere in the body. However, the specific regulatory mechanisms of action underlying the metastatic process of urological cancers remain incompletely elucidated. With the deepening of research, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to not only play a significant role in tumor progression and prognosis but also show aberrant expression in various tumor metastases, consequently impacting tumor metastasis through multiple pathways...

BACKGROUND: The gold standard for detecting bladder cancer is cystoscopy with biopsy or transurethral resection confirming histologic diagnosis. URO17® employs a chromogenically labeled monoclonal antibody to keratin 17 (k17), an intermediate filament cytoskeleton molecule associated with bladder, pancreatic, and cervical cancers. Preliminary studies evaluating k17 demonstrated a high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of bladder cancer, supporting the need for further study...

BACKGROUND: The Interleukin (IL)-11 gene, which is one of the members of the cytokine family, has an oncogenic role in some cancers. The main goal of this study is to analyze IL-11 expression level in 14 prevalent cancers and highlights its role in patients' survival, drug resistance, and sensitivities. Also, an association of this gene with metastasis and inflammation pathways has been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) data, the level of IL-11 expression and its role in prognosis and survival rate were evaluated in 13 common cancers...

The study of urinary peptidome is an important area of research, which concerns the characterization of endogenous peptides, as well as the identification of biomarkers for a wide range of socially significant diseases. First of all, this relates to renal and genitourinary pathologies and/or pathologies associated with proteinuria, such as kidney diseases, bladder, prostate and ovarian cancers, diabetic nephropathy, and pre-eclampsia. Unlike proteins, peptides do not require proteolytic hydrolysis, can be analyzed in their native form and can provide certain information about occurring (patho)physiological processes...

Urinary bladder cancer (BC) represents a major health issue, and identifying novel biomarkers for early disease detection and outcome prediction is paramount. It has already been established that the immune system plays a role in tumour initiation and progression in which the inflammatory marker pentraxin 3 (PTX3) might be involved, presenting a variety of functions in different cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma levels of PTX3 could be used as a biomarker for patients with BC...