keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37968953/-reset-osmostat-syndrome-when-hyponatremia-become-%C3%A2-a-normal%C3%A2-diagnostics-case-report
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L I Astafyeva, I N Badmaeva, I S Klochkova, Yu G Sidneva, O I Sharipov, O A Gadjieva, B A Bashiryan, P L Kalinin, A Yu Lubnin, A N Konovalov
Reset osmostat syndrome (ROS) is characterized by a change of normal plasma osmolality threshold (decrease or increase), which leads to chronic dysnatremia (hypo- or hypernatremia). We have described a clinical case of ROS and chronic hyponatremia in a patient with chordoid glioma of the III ventricle. It is known that the patient had previously been diagnosed with hyponatremia (131-134 mmol/l). She has not hypothyroidism and hypocorticism. There is normal filtration function of the kidneys was (CKD-EPI 91...
November 11, 2023: Problemy E̊ndokrinologii
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37790608/metabolic-effects-of-vasopressin-in-pathophysiology-of-diabetic-kidney-disease
#2
REVIEW
Svetlana Lebedeva, Arus Margaryan, Elena Smolyarchuk, Andrey Nedorubov, Maria Materenchuk, Alexander Tonevitsky, Kerim Mutig
The diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of the chronic kidney disease (CKD). Enhanced plasma vasopressin (VP) levels have been associated with the pathophysiology of DKD and CKD. Stimulation of VP release in DKD is caused by glucose-dependent reset of the osmostat leading to secondary pathophysiologic effects mediated by distinct VP receptor types. VP is a stress hormone exhibiting the antidiuretic action in the kidney along with broad adaptive effects in other organs. Excessive activation of the vasopressin type 2 (V2) receptor in the kidney leads to glomerular hyperfiltration and nephron loss, whereas stimulation of vasopressin V1a or V1b receptors in the liver, pancreas, and adrenal glands promotes catabolic metabolism for energy mobilization, enhancing glucose production and aggravating DKD...
2023: Frontiers in Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37700952/a-conspectus-of-euvolemic-hyponatremia-its-various-etiologies-and-treatment-modalities-a-comprehensive-review-of-the-literature
#3
REVIEW
Anit Ghosal, Hafiza Amna Qadeer, Sravan K Nekkanti, Priyanka Pradhan, Chiugo Okoye, Danish Waqar
Hyponatremia is the most prevalent electrolyte imbalance encountered among hospitalized patients, athletes, the elderly, patients with chronic ailments, postoperative patients, and a few asymptomatic individuals. Clinical manifestations of hyponatremia can be diverse, with characteristic neurological symptoms. Depending on in-depth medical history, physical examination (including volume status assessment), laboratory investigation, and drug history, patients can be classified broadly as undergoing hypervolemic, euvolemic, or hypovolemic hyponatremia...
August 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37189385/haptoglobin-related-protein-without-signal-peptide-as-biomarker-of-renal-salt-wasting-in-hyponatremia-hyponatremia-related-diseases-and-as-new-syndrome-in-alzheimer-s-disease
#4
REVIEW
John K Maesaka, Louis J Imbriano, Candace Grant, Nobuyuki Miyawaki
The application of pathophysiologic tenets has created significant changes in our approach to hyponatremia and hyponatremia-related conditions. This new approach incorporated the determination of fractional excretion (FE) of urate before and after the correction of hyponatremia and the response to isotonic saline infusion to differentiate the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) from renal salt wasting (RSW). FEurate simplified the identification of the different causes of hyponatremia, especially the diagnosis of a reset osmostat and Addison's disease...
April 1, 2023: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37007374/clinical-approach-to-euvolemic-hyponatremia
#5
REVIEW
Pramod Reddy
Euvolemic hyponatremia is frequently encountered in hospitalized patients and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is the most common cause in most patients. SIADH diagnosis is confirmed by decreased serum osmolality, inappropriately elevated urine osmolality (>100 mosmol/L), and elevated urine sodium (Na) levels. Patients should be screened for thiazide use and adrenal or thyroid dysfunction should be ruled out before making a diagnosis of SIADH. Clinical mimics of SIADH like cerebral salt wasting and reset osmostat should be considered in some patients...
February 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36794751/a-boy-with-reset-osmostat-who-developed-chronic-hyponatremia-due-to-hypothalamic-injury-caused-by-a-giant-arachnoid-cyst
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junko Naganuma, Satomi Koyama, Yoshiyuki Watabe, Shigemi Yoshihara
Reset osmostat (RO) is classified as type C among the four subtypes of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone based on antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion. It is characterized by a lower plasma osmolality threshold for ADH excretion when plasma sodium concentration is reduced. We report the case of a boy with RO and a giant arachnoid cyst (AC). The patient had been suspected of having AC since the fetal period, and a giant AC in the prepontine cistern was confirmed by brain magnetic resonance imaging 7 days after birth...
February 16, 2023: Journal of Clinical Research in Pediatric Endocrinology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36639685/intractable-hyponatremia-complicated-by-a-reset-osmostat-a-case-report
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamed Hassan Kamel, Ashish Upadhyay, Steven C Borkan
BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia associated with a low serum osmolality is a common and confounding electrolyte disorder. Correcting hyponatremia is also complicated, especially in the setting of chronic hyponatremia. Here, we provide a rational approach to accurately detecting and safely treating acute on chronic euvolemic hyponatremia in the setting of acute polydipsia with a chronic reset osmostat. CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old hispanic gentleman with chronic hyponatremia presented with hiccups, polydipsia, and a serum sodium concentration of 120 mEq/L associated with diffuse weakness, inattentiveness, and suicidal ideation...
January 14, 2023: Journal of Medical Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36634303/alchemical-osmostat-for-monte-carlo-simulation-sampling-aqueous-electrolyte-solution-in-open-systems
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ambroise de Izarra, François-Xavier Coudert, Alain H Fuchs, Anne Boutin
Molecular simulations involving electrolytes are usually performed at a fixed amount of salt ions in the simulation box, reproducing macroscopic concentration. Although this statement is valid in the bulk, the concentration of an electrolyte confined in nanoporous materials such as MOFs or zeolites is greatly affected and remains a priori unknown. The nanoporous material in equilibrium with the bulk electrolyte exchange water and ions at a given chemical potential Δμ in the semi-grand-canonical ensemble, that must be calibrated in order to determine the concentration in the nanoporous material...
January 12, 2023: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36556061/new-approach-to-hyponatremia-high-prevalence-of-cerebral-renal-salt-wasting-identification-of-natriuretic-protein-that-causes-salt-wasting
#9
REVIEW
John K Maesaka, Louis J Imbriano, Candace Grant, Nobuyuki Miyawaki
Our understanding of hyponatremic conditions has undergone major alterations. There is a tendency to treat all patients with hyponatremia because of common subtle symptoms that include unsteady gait that lead to increased falls and bone fractures and can progress to mental confusion, irritability, seizures, coma and even death. We describe a new approach that is superior to the ineffectual volume approach. Determination of fractional excretion (FE) of urate has simplified the diagnosis of a reset osmostat, Addison's disease, edematous causes such as congestive heart failure, cirrhosis and nephrosis, volume depletion from extrarenal salt losses with normal renal tubular function and the difficult task of differentiating the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) from cerebral/renal salt wasting (C/RSW)...
December 15, 2022: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35028281/the-new-normal-osmotic-threshold-osmostat-reset
#10
Larissa G Rigueto, Henrique M Santiago, David J Hadad, Antonio Carlos Seguro, Adriana Castello C Girardi, Weverton M Luchi
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is one of the leading causes of hyponatremia. Although not widely known, SIAD has a vast spectrum of etiologies and differential diagnoses and has been classically divided into four types (A, B, C, D). Frequently, when we use the term SIAD in clinical practice, it refers to subtype A, the so-called classic SIAD. The purpose of reporting this case is to make the clinicians aware of a specific subtype of SIAD, type C, an underdiagnosed entity called osmostat reset (OR)...
2022: Clinical Nephrology. Case Studies
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34610667/drug-resistant-hyponatremia-after-escitalopram-intake-a-series-of-two-case-reports
#11
Justyna Kacperczyk, Adrian Perdyan, Małgorzata Stompór
The consumption of new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is raising dramatically especially in European countries. It contributes to occurrence of clinically important drug side effects. One of which can be hyponatremia. We present two case reports of 85-year-old and 84-year-old women who developed hyponatremia after escitalopram administration. We hypothesize that in both cases hyponatremia was connected with antidepressants administration. However, due to multiple comorbidities and polypharmacy it is often impossible to establish the exact mechanism of hyponatremia...
September 2021: Annals of geriatric medicine and research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34468821/differential-diagnosis-between-syndrome-of-inappropriate-antidiuretic-hormone-secretion-and-cerebral-renal-salt-wasting-syndrome-in-children-over-1%C3%A2-year-proposal-for-a-simple-algorithm
#12
REVIEW
Flaminia Bardanzellu, Maria Antonietta Marcialis, Roberta Frassetto, Alice Melis, Vassilios Fanos
Hyponatremia, especially if acute and severe, can be a life-threatening condition. Several conditions can trigger hyponatremia. In this review, we will discuss two conditions that can determine euvolemic hyponatremia: the cerebral/renal salt wasting (CRSW) syndrome and the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), including the two subtypes: reset osmostat (RO) and nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (NSIAD) and their differential diagnoses. Despite the passage of over 70 years since its first description, to date, the true etiopathogenesis of CRSW syndrome, a rare cause of hypovolemic/euvolemic hyponatremia, is almost unknown...
July 2022: Pediatric Nephrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33180045/differentiating-syndrome-of-inappropriate-adh-reset-osmostat-cerebral-renal-salt-wasting-using-fractional-urate-excretion
#13
Farahnak Assadi, Mojgan Mazaheri
OBJECTIVES: Clinical and laboratory data of reset osmostat (RO) and cerebral/renal salt wasting (C/RSW) mimic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) and can pose diagnostic challenges because of significant overlapping between clinical and laboratory findings. Failure to correctly diagnose hyponatremia may result in increased mortality risk, longer hospital stay, and is cost-effective. We aim to illustrate clinical and laboratory similarities and difference among patients with hyponatremic disorders and discuss the diagnostic value of factional uprate excretion (FEurate) to differentiate SIADH from RO and C/RSW...
January 27, 2021: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism: JPEM
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31904619/evolution-and-evolving-resolution-of-controversy-over-existence-and-prevalence-of-cerebral-renal-salt-wasting
#14
REVIEW
John K Maesaka, Louis J Imbriano, Nobuyuki Miyawaki
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The topic of hyponatremia is in a state of flux. We review a new approach to diagnosis that is superior to previous methods. It simplifies identifying the causes of hyponatremia, the most important issue being the differentiation of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) from cerebral/renal salt wasting (RSW). We also report on the high prevalence of RSW without cerebral disease in the general wards of the hospital. RECENT FINDINGS: We applied our new approach to hyponatremia by utilizing sound pathophysiologic criteria in 62 hyponatremic patients...
March 2020: Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31423055/reset-osmostat-facts-and-controversies
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Feder, J M Gomez, F Serra-Aguirre, C G Musso
Reset osmostat (RO) consists of a change in the normal plasma osmolality threshold (reduction or increase), which consequently induces chronic dysnatremia (hyponatremia or hypernatremia). Although the early papers on RO state that hyponatremic patients with this condition are usually not symptomatic, the current view is that most patients with hyponatremia are symptomatic and should be treated. RO has been associated with a myriad of clinical conditions and has clear diagnostic criteria which are crucial to arrive at the correct diagnosis and treatment...
July 2019: Indian Journal of Nephrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30560127/determining-fractional-urate-excretion-rates-in-hyponatremic-conditions-and-improved-methods-to-distinguish-cerebral-renal-salt-wasting-from-the-syndrome-of-inappropriate-secretion-of-antidiuretic-hormone
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John K Maesaka, Louis J Imbriano, Nobuyuki Miyawaki
Our evaluation of hyponatremic patients is in a state of confusion because the assessment of the volume status of the patient and determinations of urine sodium concentrations (UNa) >30-40 mEq/L have dominated our approach despite documented evidence of many shortcomings. Central to this confusion is our inability to differentiate cerebral/renal salt wasting (C/RSW) from the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), syndromes with diametrically opposing therapeutic goals. The recent proposal to treat most or all hyponatremic patients makes differentiation even more important and reports of C/RSW occurring without cerebral disease leads to a clinically important proposal to change cerebral to renal salt wasting (RSW)...
2018: Frontiers in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30532786/reset-osmostat-a-challenging-case-of-hyponatremia
#17
Navin Kuthiah, Chaozer Er
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality seen in hospitalised patients with up to 15-20% of patients having a sodium level of less than 135 mmol/L (Reddy and Mooradian, 2009). Cases of hyponatremia were first described in the 1950s (George et al., 1955). As the differential diagnosis for hyponatremia is broad, a systematic and logical approach is needed to identify the cause. We describe a case of a 30-year-old gentleman who was found to have chronic hyponatremia. After a thorough workup, he was diagnosed to have reset osmostat...
2018: Case Reports in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30049325/high-prevalence-of-renal-salt-wasting-without-cerebral-disease-as-cause-of-hyponatremia-in-general-medical-wards
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John K Maesaka, Louis J Imbriano, Nobuyuki Miyawaki
BACKGROUND: The approach to hyponatremia is in a state of flux, especially in differentiating syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) from cerebral-renal salt wasting (RSW) because of diametrically opposite therapeutic goals. Considering RSW can occur without cerebral disease, we determined the prevalence of RSW in the general hospital wards. METHODS: To differentiate SIADH from RSW, we used an algorithm based on fractional excretion (FE) of urate and nonresponse to saline infusions in SIADH as compared to excretion of dilute urines and prompt increase in serum sodium in RSW...
July 2018: American Journal of the Medical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29649876/biomolecular-simulations-under-realistic-macroscopic-salt-conditions
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gregory A Ross, Ariën S Rustenburg, Patrick B Grinaway, Josh Fass, John D Chodera
Biomolecular simulations are typically performed in an aqueous environment where the number of ions remains fixed for the duration of the simulation, generally with either a minimally neutralizing ion environment or a number of salt pairs intended to match the macroscopic salt concentration. In contrast, real biomolecules experience local ion environments where the salt concentration is dynamic and may differ from bulk. The degree of salt concentration variability and average deviation from the macroscopic concentration remains, as yet, unknown...
May 31, 2018: Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28316939/application-of-established-pathophysiologic-processes-brings-greater-clarity-to-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-hyponatremia
#20
EDITORIAL
John K Maesaka, Louis J Imbriano, Nobuyuki Miyawaki
Hyponatremia, serum sodium < 135 mEq/L, is the most common electrolyte abnormality and is in a state of flux. Hyponatremic patients are symptomatic and should be treated but our inability to consistently determine the causes of hyponatremia has hampered the delivery of appropriate therapy. This is especially applicable to differentiating syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) from cerebral salt wasting (CSW) or more appropriately, renal salt wasting (RSW), because of divergent therapeutic goals, to water-restrict in SIAD and administer salt and water in RSW...
March 6, 2017: World Journal of Nephrology
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