hematologi-oncology

BACKGROUND: Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a well-known risk that can occur spontaneously or following immunosuppressive therapies, including cancer chemotherapy. HBV reactivation can cause significant morbidity and even mortality, which are preventable if at-risk individuals are identified through screening and started on antiviral prophylaxis. AIM: To determine the prevalence of chronic HBV (CHB) and occult HBV infection (OBI) among oncology and hematology-oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumour that is traditionally diagnosed based on histological features. Recent molecular profiling studies have reshaped the World Health Organization approach in the classification of central nervous system tumours to include more pathogenetic hallmarks. These studies have revealed that multiple oncogenic pathways are dysregulated, which contributes to the aggressiveness and resistance of GBM. Such findings have shed light on the molecular vulnerability of GBM and have shifted the disease management paradigm from chemotherapy to targeted therapies...

Pediatric neoplasms represent a complex group of malignancies that pose unique challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of the underlying molecular pathogenetic mechanisms. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptors (EPHs), the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-tethered ligands, ephrins, orchestrate short-distance cell-cell signaling and are intricately involved in cell-pattern morphogenesis and various developmental processes. Unraveling the role of the EPH/ephrin signaling pathway in the pathophysiology of pediatric neoplasms and its clinical implications can contribute to deciphering the intricate landscape of these malignancies...

Paradoxically, tumor development and progression can be inhibited and promoted by the immune system. After three stages of immune editing, namely, elimination, homeostasis and escape, tumor cells are no longer restricted by immune surveillance and thus develop into clinical tumors. The mechanisms of immune escape include abnormalities in antitumor-associated immune cells, selection for immune resistance to tumor cells, impaired transport of T cells, and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment...

BACKGROUND: A shortage of transplant and cellular therapy (TCT) physicians is expected given the expansion of TCT indications and the scope of practice of TCT programs in recent years. OBJECTIVES: American Society of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) conducted a survey of early career transplant physicians and trainees to assess the factors that prompted them to pursue to career in TCT. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross sectional survey conducted via emails sent to the ASTCT membership...

BACKGROUND: Central venous catheter (CVC)-related complications remain a significant cause of morbidity in pediatric hematology-oncology. We prospectively surveyed the incidence of CVC-related complications in children with hematologic-oncologic diseases. PROCEDURE: Five-hundred-eighty-one CVCs were inserted in 421 patients from January 2010 to June 2022 (153,731 CVC days observation; follow-up data up to December 31, 2022). RESULTS: Overall, 671 complications were recorded (4...

Objective: To conduct a nationwide physician survey to better understand clinicians' disease awareness, treatment patterns, and experience of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) in China. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022 by recruiting clinicians with WM treatment experience from hematology, hematology-oncology, and oncology departments throughout China. Quantitative surveys were designed based on the qualitative interviews. Results: The study included 415 clinicians from 219 hospitals spread across thirty-three cities and twenty-two provinces...

PURPOSE: To highlight challenges and cancer care disparities in patients of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma management in resource-constrained settings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study included 738 patients from 12 public and private sector hematology-oncology centers across Pakistan. Patients were divided into limited-resource and enhanced-resource settings as per national diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) guidelines. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 47 years (range, 14-89)...

Use of surrogates as primary endpoints is commonplace in hematology/oncology clinical trials. As opposed to prognostic markers, surrogates are endpoints that can be measured early and yet can still capture the full effect of treatment, as it would be captured by the true outcome (e.g., overall survival). We discuss the level of evidence of the most commonly used endpoints in hematology and share recommendations on how to apply and evaluate surrogate endpoints in research and clinical practice. Based on the statistical literature, this clinician-friendly review intends to build a bridge between clinicians and surrogacy specialists...

Background: The balance between reducing patient wait time and mitigating waste of parenteral products has not been well described in literature. Objective: Evaluate the patient wait times and cost-effectiveness of employing a premix versus an on-demand workflow model for compounding parenteral admixtures in a hematology/oncology infusion setting. Methods: This single center, retrospective cost analysis compiled manually documented monthly waste reports and estimated drug pricing for the institution to calculate the cost of waste during both premix and on-demand compounding workflows...

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent lymphoma that becomes aggressive due to histological transformation (HT), leading to reduced survival. Patients with FL have different clinical courses and various treatment options. Some patients exhibit shorter survival and experience disease progression within 24 months of diagnosis/treatment (POD24); the optimal treatment remains an unmet needs. Thus, identifying factors that predict shorter survival is essential to stratify treatment and prolong the survival of patients with FL...

Light chain amyloidosis is a rare disease caused by clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow generating an excessive amount of immunoglobulin light chains. These chains misfold and produce insoluble fibrils that deposit in various organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, nervous system, and digestive tract. Life expectancy and symptoms during the course of the disease vary depending on which and how many organs are affected. Targeted plasma cell therapy has significantly advanced the clinical management of amyloidosis, with ongoing progress...

Despite significantly improving outcomes in patients with B-cell malignancies, covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are limited by toxicities and the development of resistance. Some toxicities can be life-threatening, such as cardiotoxicity. These toxicities result from off-target effects of covalent BTK inhibitors and frequently lead to dose reductions and discontinuations of the drug. Noncovalent BTK inhibitors bind BTK in a unique fashion and, to date, have demonstrated an excellent safety profile as well as efficacy against a variety of B-cell malignancies...

The standard treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer has not significantly changed over the past few decades, reflecting a major unmet clinical need. Fortunately, the arrival of immune checkpoint inhibition is rapidly changing this dismal scenario. This review discusses the most recent results from clinical trials evaluating the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors, either as monotherapy or in combination therapy, in both the post-platinum and frontline settings. Additionally, a section is devoted to the future clinical development of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Radical esophagectomy with two or three-field lymphadenectomy remains the mainstay of curative treatment for localized esophageal cancer, often in combination with systemic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. In this article, we describe notable advances in the surgical management of esophageal cancer over the past decade that have led to an improvement in both surgical and oncologic outcomes. In addition, we discuss new approaches to surgical management currently under investigation that have the potential to offer further benefits to appropriately selected patients...

INTRODUCTION: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a significant hematological malignancy in the United States, with a high mortality rate and limited treatment options. CAR T-cell therapy, a new and promising treatment, is being investigated for its efficacy and safety in AML. This meta-analysis aims to assess the safety and efficacy of CAR T-cell therapy in AML, considering various subgroups such as study location, study design, prior transplantation status, conditioning regimen, and CAR T-cell source...